Ukuphakama malayas. Malayas - ezintabeni iphezulu

Malayas - iintaba iphezulu ehlabathini, igama layo nesiSanskriti ngokoqobo lithetha "indawo apho ikhephu ubomi." Ifunyanwa e South Asia, ezi ntaba esahlula Indo-Gangetic ithafa kunye Tibetan ithafa. Nantsi ke ikufutshane kakhulu ukuba amanqaku ezulwini phezu Earth emhlabeni, eziquka Mount Everest, indawo liphezulu (malayas idla ngokuba 'uphahla wehlabathi "). Waziwa ngelinye igama - Mount Everest.

eziphilayo entabeni

iintaba zeHimalaya i ntlobo-ntlobo zale landscape. Malayas alale kummandla yamazwe amahlanu lonke: India, Nepal, Bhutan, China nasePakistan. Esezintabeni owaqalisa lo emithathu imilambo inkulu kwaye zinamandla - Indus, iGanges kunye Brahmaputra. Le enezityalo nezilwanyana malayas kuxhomekeke ngqo kwimozulu, imvula, iintaba ephakame kunye neemeko zomhlaba.

Kuba unyawo weentaba mmandla abe sezulu, lo gama i-ice obungunaphakade nekhephu ulala phezu ntaba. ukunyuka imvula yonyaka kwi ulwalathiso West ukuya eMpuma. lemveli ezizodwa zemvelo ukuphakama malayas kuxhomekeke ulungiso ngenxa yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemozulu.

neznye

Malayas - Mountains e South Asia, eliquka ngokuyintloko amatye sedimentary exutyiweyo. A isici esasenza kwamathambeka ezisezintabeni transconductance zabo iincopho njengoko incopho okanye xitsunga wambu ngumkhenkce obungunaphakade nekhephu kwaye ukuhlala kwindawo malunga 33 million ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Malayas, ukuphakama athi ngamanye amaxesha ifikelela phantse ezisithoba neekhilomitha besebancinane kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkqubo, intaba yamandulo ngakumbi boMhlaba.

Njengoko ngokunjalo kwiminyaka yezigidi-70 eyadlulayo, kwipleyiti Indiya nangoku uqhubekela kunye atshintshele kumgama milimitha 67 ngonyaka, yaye kule minyaka izizigidi 10 ezayo, oko kuya kwenza ukuba km 1.5 ngakwicala Asia. Active ukusuka kwindawo Ngenxa phezulu komhlaba kwenza into yokuba ukuphakama malayas liyenyuka ngokuthe ndivuka malunga milimitha-5 ngonyaka ngamnye. minor ezifana Ekuqaleni, ekuhambeni kwexesha iinkqubo kuba vlyanie enamandla ngokwemiqathango zejoloji, ukongeza, le ndawo iyahlozinga kunye ngongoma seismic lwembono, maxa wambi kubakho iinyikima.

inkqubo umfula zeHimalaya

Malayas zezona iidipozithi yesithathu ngobukhulu yomkhenkce nekhephu ehlabathini emva kokuba i-Antarctica i-Arctic. Le ntaba imalunga 15,000 ezihambayo, leyo iqulathe malunga 12 ophosa cubic metre yamanzi acocekileyo. Le ndawo iphezulu zambethe likhephu unyaka wonke. Ukuthatha imvelaphi yayo Tibet Indus ngowona mlambo mkhulu kakhulu ngokupheleleyo-elibaleka, ophuma ukuba ibe ezininzi ezincinane. Ayajika kwicala aseNtshonalanga kwi-Indiya, Pakistan kwaye ungena kuLwandle Inkolo.

Malayas, okuphakama kwenyeindawo yayo ephezulu ifikelela phantse 9 km, ebonakala ngu ezahlukeneyo enkulu lomlambo. Eyona mithombo yamanzi iphambili iGanges-Brahmaputra isitya aba iGanges, i Brahmaputra kunye Yamuna. Brahmaputra liqhagamshelene iGanges e Bangladesh, bavele kunye iyangena Bay of Bengal.

ntaba Lake

I eliphezulu zeHimalaya chibi Gurudongmar Ichibi e Sikkim (India), sibekwe kwintaba ephakame malunga 5 eekhilomitha. Kummandla malayas kukho inani elikhulu amachibi entle, uninzi lwazo zibekwe nomphakamo kweekhilomitha ngaphantsi kwe-5 ngentla komgangatho wolwandle. Amanye amachibi njengengcwele e-India. Nepal Tilicho landscapes chibi entabeni malunga Annapurna yenye yezinto eziphezulu kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu.

Ezintabeni Great intaba zeHimalaya ziqulethe amakhulu namachibi e-Indiya kunye ezikufuphi pal, kanye Tibet. amachibi zeHimalaya zinika umtsalane ekhethekileyo kumhlaba intaba yeyokukhulisa, abaninzi kubo zigqunywe amavo yamandulo kunye namabali umdla.

Impembelelo kwimozulu

Malayas abe nempembelelo enkulu ukuyilwa lwemozulu. Kuphazamisa ukuhamba yimimoya ebandayo owomileyo kwicala emazantsi, nto leyo evumela ukuba ngukumkani eMzantsi Asia nemozulu efudumeleyo. Ndiyila umqobo yendalo zemvula (ebangela esigquthezayo kakhulu), ukuthintela intshukumo yawo ekuyeni ngasentla. I-Sierra idlala indima ethile ekubunjweni koozintlango Taklamakan kunye Gobi.

Kwindawo engundoqo ye malayas iphantsi zizinto kwempembelelo subequatorial. Ehlotyeni nasentwasahlobo lonyaka iseshushu kakhulu: iqondo lobushushu avareji ifikelela 35 ° C. Ngeli xesha, nemvula nazo isixa esikhulu imvula evela Indian Ocean, ngoko oluba kumathambeka olusemazantsi.

Abantu nenkcubeko malayas

Ngenxa kwiimpawu zemozulu malayas (Mountains in Asia) ziya kunokuba gqa imimandla. Abantu abaninzi bahlala emathafeni. Abanye babo abaphila nezikhokelo abakhenkethi kunye ezihamba climbers abeza koyisa ezinye ntaba. Iintaba umqobo yendalo kangangamawaka amaninzi eminyaka. Zawuyeka nokwenziwa kwe yabantu yaseTshayina kunye iindawo zangaphakathi Asia kunye nezizwe Indiya.

Ezinye izizwe zisekelwe kwi zeHimalaya zentaba, elileli, North-Eastern India, Sikkim, Nepal, Bhutan, iinxalenye West Bengal kunye nabanye. Kuphela Arunachal Pradesh ubomi izizwe ngaphezulu kwama-80. zintaba zeHimalaya - esinye sezixeko enkulu ehlabathini kunye nenani elikhulu isengozini yezilwanyana, njengoko ekuzingeleni ngumsebenzi ethandwa kummandla malayas. Iinkolo eziphambili zezi ubuBhuda, Islam kunye ubuHindu. intsomi odumileyo zeHimalaya ibali malunga Kubikula ohlala kwindawo ethile ezintabeni.

Ukuphakama malayas

Malayas kuvuka phantse 9 km ngentla komgangatho wolwandle. Awabonisi ukuba umgama omalunga 2.4 amawaka yeekhilomitha ukusuka Indus Valley esentshona ukuya Brahmaputra Valley empumalanga. Ezinye iincam njengengcwele phakathi kwabantu basekuhlaleni, kwaye amaBhuda amaninzi kwaye amaHindu zonqulo kwezi ndawo.

Ubude avareji ngeemitha malayas kunye zomkhenkce ifikelela amawaka 3.2. Intaba ukwenyuka, nto leyo wazuza kuthandwa kwinkulungwane XIX kade, Lelona laba yintloko umsebenzi eziphambili abakhenkethi obukhulu. Ngowe-1953, Edmund Hillary of New Zealand kunye Sherpa Tenzing Norgay baba ngabokuqala sikhwele Mount Everest (indawo ephezulu).

Everest: ukuphakama zeentaba (malayas)

Everest, okwabizwa ngokuba Mount Everest, lelona nqanaba eliphezulu kulo mhlaba. Yintoni ukuphakama ntaba? Malayas, owaziwa kunzima ukufikelela iincopho, etsala amawaka-waka eendwendwe, kodwa injongo zazo eziphambili - ukuphakama Mount Everest 8.848 km. Le ndawo - iparadesi abakhenkethi abangakwaziyo ukucinga ubomi bam ngaphandle umngcipheko kakhulu.

Ukuphakama malayas etsala inani elikhulu climbers ezintabeni evela ehlabathini lonke. Njengomgaqo, ubunzima obukhulu technical kunye enjengokugwencela iindlela ezithile akubikho, kodwa Everest igcwele nezinye iingozi ezininzi, ezifana nokoyika eziphakamileyo, utshintsho ngokukhawuleza kweemeko zemozulu, yokunqongophala kwe-oksijini kunye zemimoya kakhulu umoya.

Izazinzulu ziye ngqo ukuseta ukuphakama zonke zokhahlamba on Earth. Oku kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokuhlola satellite NASA kaThixo. Umlinganiselo ukuphakama ntaba nganye, bagqiba kwelokuba 10 14 iintaba aphezulu kweli phakade kwesabo malayas. Nganye kwezi zeentaba kuluhlu ekhethekileyo "thousanders-ezisibhozo". Koyisa zonke ezi ntaba ithathwa kwincopho ukugqwesa ebona.

iimpawu zendalo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo malayas

jungle zeHimalaya mgxobhozo, sise emazantsi eentaba ebizwa ngokuba 'Terai "kwaye luphawulwa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo. Apha uyakwazi ukufumana iintshinyela imitha-5 kwengca, nemithi yesundu kunye coconuts, iifeni, kwaye ematyholweni ngoqalo. Kwintaba ephakame kweekhilomitha ezili-400 meters ku 1.5 yi isiqwenga kwamahlathi ezimanzi. Ukongeza iintlobo ezininzi zemithi ekhula apha Magnolia, zesitrasi kunye camphor ngowakhe.

Kwinqanaba eliphezulu (2.5 km) indawo zemigodi ezaliswe woods evergreen nefumileyo yaye zamaxesha athile ngonyaka, apho kubonakala iMimosa, maple, icherry, nezompleyini, um-oki, icherry zasendle, moss intaba. amahlathi Coniferous yandisa ukuya ezinobude km 4. Kule kwendawo, imithi kuba lincinane noko, ukuba indawo utyani basendle ngohlobo kwengca kunye kwetyholo.

Ukuqalisa ukusuka 4.5 km ngaphezu kwenqanaba zaselwandle malayas kwindawo ice obungunaphakade nekhephu. Ihlabathi isilwanyana nalo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwindawo weentaba, usenokudibana amabhere, iindlovu, antelopes, imikhombe, iinkawu, yamahashe, iibhokhwe kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezininzi. Apha ke ndafumana iinyoka kunye izirhubuluzi, nto leyo eyingozi kakhulu kubantu.

Malayas - enyangweni intaba uluhlu on Earth. Ukuza kuthi ga phezulu Dzhomolungma (Everest) liye loyiswa amaxesha malunga 1200. Kuquka kwincopho ndoda ikwazile ukufumana iminyaka 60 elinesithathu elivisayo, kwaye ngo-1998 waphumelela umntu phezulu wokuqala abakhubazekileyo.