Ebuntsimbi ayenechaphothi sulphur: Ingaba ikhona? iimpawu sulphur Physical nemichiza

Isalfure yeyona intabalala 10 kwindalo iphela. Kuyinto esha, oko nasongo, iplastiki eqinileyo emthubi eliqaqambileyo. Le element lovukelo, leyo phantsi kweemeko kakuhle, kudityaniswe zonke ezinye izinto, ngaphandle lwerhasi, igolide ne- platinum. ayenechaphothi sisinyithi sulphur langoku kwezinye khompawundi sulphur kodwa hayi ngendlela ecocekileyo. Isalfure ivela uguqulelo ezahlukeneyo allotropic, nganye eyahlukileyo ukunyibilika, nokundileka ezithile, amalungiselelo crystal kunye nezinye constants emzimbeni. Xa baboniswa mpilo olusulungekileyo, ukutshiswa kwenzeka umbala oluhlaza ngokuvula i oxide nesalfure.

Ingaba kukho Ndileka ebuntsimbi kwi nesulfure?

Isilungiseleli seglosi - ke ukukwazi kwento ukubonisa imitha yokukhanya. Lo mhlaba luxhomekeke ngqo kwi imixokelelwane yemichiza ezithile izimbiwa, imilo kunye nefomu. Ebuntsimbi ayenechaphothi sulphur oyena ebonakalayo zomphezulu ngokwentelekiso esandula lwanamathela le ndlovu leyo ingena. Xa uhlobo yayo yendalo sulphur livela ngohlobo ngumgubo elityheli. Xa yinxalenye sulfides kunye sulfates, Unako ukwenza ezininzi izimbiwa, ezinye zazo ores ezixabisekileyo kunye umthombo ngenxa ukuvelisa iintsimbi nonferrous. Ezi sulfides etyhidiweyo sulphur isilungiseleli seglosi - pyrite, stibnite, galena, chalcocite, chalcopyrite.

ulwazi jikelele

Isalfure fanele kwiqela lweziqalelo chalcogen, apho enye kukho ioksijini, selenium, tellurium kunye ಪೇನ್ ipheyini. Igama elithi "chalcogen" livela kumagama amabini lesiGrike elithetha "ekrwada-yakheka." Ore i ngezimbiwa zendalo osetyenziswa njengomthombo ngenxa element. ores ezininzi iikhompawundi yesinyithi okanye intsimbi, ioksijini, nesulfure. Zithako eziqulathe izinto ezimbini, enye yazo na isalfure, ebizwa sulfides. Umzekelo, pyrite - ngezimbiwa othe ngombala omhle segolide kunye ayenechaphothi sisinyithi, na emanzini yentsimbi. Kwakhona eyaziwa ngokuba yi "igolide yesidenge." Physical nemichiza iimpawu iimpawu sulphur ziye zaziwa ukususela mandulo. Idla ngokuba ngumgubo okuqaqambileyo omthubi. Xa utshisa, uvelisa lilangatye ecacileyo oluhlaza livumba esomeleleyo kunene ingakwazi.

Isalfure: emzimbeni kunye neepropati zeekhemikhali

Iipropati Physical sulphur ziimpawu anokuthi babonwe nge izivamvo. Ezi ziquka umbala, ayenechaphothi, lobushushu neGauteng, lokunybilika nokubilisa, ukuxinana, ngokuba lukhuni kunye incasa. Zeziphi iimpawu ezibonakalayo uphawu nesulfure? Le nto iye umbala baluthuthu emthubi, Ekse kunye ayinavumba, enyibilikayo emanzini. Kuyinto umqhubi okulambathayo bushushu kunye nombane. Ebuntsimbi ayenechaphothi sulphur ibonakala kuphela xa iikhompawundi ezithile. Iqondo 444,6 ° C. Phezu iintsasa, nesulfure aguqulwa abe lulwelo fluid elimthubi ufumana nombala sinombala kwaye lube mnyama mass emdaka viscous kubushushu omalunga 190 ° C. Viscosity liyancipha ngokungathintithiyo isidanga (kwama-190 ° C), kwaye xa ° 300 C kwakhona uba nesalfure ulwelo.

Ziintoni iimpawu eekhemikhali nesulfure?

Oku iimpawu leyo ukumisela indlela uya kusabela kunye nezinye izinto, okanye ngethuba lenguqu ukusuka kwenye ambaxa ukuya kwenye. Okukhona siyazi uhlobo le nto, kokukhona siya kukwazi ukuqonda ngalo. Iipropati zemichiza ingabonwa kuphela ebudeni reaction acid, unokubangwa utshintsho kumafutha, ukurusa, ukufudumeza, xa kuthe kwakho imbabala, fogged, njalo-njalo. zithako eyaziwayo ezibandakanya nesalfure: sulfite sodium, emanzini (a igesi eyityhefu apho unuka amaqanda abolileyo) kunye sulphuric acid. Reactivity kakhulu eziphakamileyo, ingakumbi kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu. Shushu, idityaniswe nesinyithi ukwenza sulfides esihambelanayo.

Ukufunyanwa kwe into ebaluleke kakhulu

Igama element lifumaneka esibhalweni yezibhalo nkqu xa echaza kokuwa izixeko ezibini iSodom neGomora, xa umgcana wehla umlilo ezulwini, nesulfure. zobulumko zamandulo zamaGrike ayekholelwa ukuba yonke into eyenziwe izahlulo ezine: emhlabeni, umlilo, amanzi kunye nomoya. Noko ke, kwakukho abo babizwa izinto ezimbini kuphela: isalfure mercury. iinkcuba bokuqala zazisoloko bedidekile ngokuthi oko ukuthini igama elithi "nesalfure". Kubo ke kukho umcimbi evuthayo kakuhle kwaye exuded isixa esikhulu yomsi. Kwadlula iinkulungwane eenzululwazi ukuchonga into njengento. Isalfure ikhona iifom ezimbini allotropic (alpha kunye neefom beta), kunye nezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni imichiza. sulphur umhlomlo luphawu esemgangathweni wobhobhozayo ukukhanya yezimbiwa Ukwakhiwa apho ifakiwe. Icandelo minerals opaque bayakwazi ukubonisa ngamandla ukukhanya yaye ukhanye ebuntsimbi ethile.

Ezenzekayo endalweni

Ngelo xesha, iidiphozithi sulphur ibekwe zikhabane phezu komhlaba. Baya kube lula yafunyanwa kwaye zisetyenziswe ngabantu. Namhlanje deal with oku kunzima kakhulu, njengoko kunjalo ngoku indawo sulphur ore zendalo ibekwe kufutshane mlilo. Le into ekhululwa yimingxuma ngohlobo igesi apho kwintlanganiso kunye Ukuguqulwa kolwelo umoya obandayo ukwenza iidipozithi ezintle emthubi ecaleni ngohlangothi mlilo. zolondolozo ezinkulu kusekho imvelaphi komhlaba. Isalfure ikwafunyanwa inani kwezimbiwa ebalulekileyo: barite (barium sulfate), Celestine (kwiteksti sulphate), cinnabar (imetyhuri sulphide), galena (elikhokelayo emanzini), pyrite (emanzini intsimbi), sphalerite (zinc sulphide) kunye stibnite (kwistibhiya emanzini).

izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo sulphur

Kukho ezine ziyenzeka ngokwendalo Isotope of: sulphur-32, isalfure-33, nesalfure-34 okanye nesalfure-36, kwahluka enye kwenye ngangenani lazo abaninzi. Eli linani protons kunye neutron ngaphakathi kwinucleus into atom. Inani protons uchaza element, kwaye inani neutron kwindawo atom yee-elementi ungahluka. Kukho izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo ezintandathu eqhumayo zokonakala, kwaye kukhutshwe uhlobo radiation. Omnye wabo - sulphur-35 - isetyenziselwa iinjongo zorhwebo. Xa amayeza, lo Isotope kusetyenziselwa ukufunda ulwelo indlela ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Kwakhona unalo izicelo zophando lwezenzululwazi ngesalathisi.

isicelo

Isalfure ngokwentelekiso incinane isetyenziswe njengento. Le propati Uphawu ziquka ukuziphatha oluthile nesalfure ngexesha zinyibilike.

Enye ukusetyenziswa ezibalulekileyo unyango, inkqubo nongeza irabha ukuze kube nzima. Isalfure azigcina irabha ukusuka yokunyibilika xa itshiswe. Le kwafunyanwa by Charles Kumho ngo-1839, le yenye yezona mpumelelo inkulu kushishino mihla.

Njengoko zinambuzane, inokusetyenziswa ukubulala izinambuzane. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi ngokuthatha inxaxheba iikhompawundi ezahlukeneyo. Eyona ibalulekileyo kwezi sulphuric acid, uninzi lwazo esetyenziselwa ukwenza isichumiso.

ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi sele ifunyenwe kwakhona kushishino oyile, eyimveliso zemveliso yamaphepha, amachiza ezolimo, iplastiki, irabha kunye nezinye izinto zokwenziwa. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kukuba isisahlulo asidi acid ezimbini, cysteine kunye methionine. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwalo, lisetyenziswa kwi zamayeza, amacandelo zonyango kunye noshishino, ekwimo sukube kweziyobisi isetyenziswa njenge arhente aphuphe, isinyibilikisi kunye zezifo.