Yintoni iliso? Yintoni na iliso emzimbeni womntu?

Ukukwazi ukuthatha iinkcukacha malunga ihlabathi ngenxa umbono - ukukwazi kwabantu kakhulu elimangalisayo kunye luncedo. Siye sihleli umfanekiso kwenzeka ntoni, njenge ifoto. Iliso le "isixhobo enombala", nto leyo yenza sikwazi ukubona ukuba ehlabathini ukuba athumele inkcazelo ngayo.

Amehlo - umzimba womntu

Ngokutsho bengqondo, ukusuka kuma-70 ukuya kuma-80% kolwazi siyazi abangaboniyo. Inkqubo kokugcina iso, ngokungathi Ikhamera yenze iindlela ukukhanya nokubanjiswa ekhethekileyo kubonakala ukusuka into, kwaye Ukuphatha ulwazi ifunyenwe. Ngoko ke yintoni amehlo nendlela amalungiselelo amehlo ethu?

Ukhakhayi umzimba womntu ise neziseko. Ezi ukuqanda akhiwa amathambo eziliqela, kuquka kwemihlathi yangasentla, nesinqumka-emile, latticed, zygomatic, ngokungqalileyo. Iliso socket yi iphiramidi, incam ejongene em- cranial, kwaye apha kwijelo ebonwayo slot olubonakalayo ukunxibelelana apho luvo kunye imithambo yegazi welungu.

Yintoni iliso? Lo mzimba ungqukuva enobubanzi malunga 24-25 mm, nto leyo izaliswe ulwelo ngaphakathi kwaye iqulathe amaqokobhe ezintathu. Movement lweliso lakho ngenxa umsebenzi izihlunu ezintandathu: eliphezulu, ngaphantsi, ngaphakathi, ephandle, ephezulu nesezantsi ROOTN elibhalwe ngokumileyo. Ukuze isixhobo isincedisi ikwaquka iinkophe, amashiya, namashiya. Musa ukulibala ngalo ingaba lacrimal, nto leyo imfihlelo uhlaselwa kwaye ngokwenjenjalo moistens phezu iliso.

Ubume lweliso lakho

Yintoni na ke iliso ngokubhekiselele eziphilayo? Kuyinto ke isebe emehlweni, nto leyo izaliswe ulwelo ecacileyo. Eye ukufihla imifinya amathathu: sclera, choroid kunye retina. Umsebenzi ikakhulu ukuqinisekisa isakhiwo iliso, ifoto yayo eboniswe ngezantsi.

Sclera - i echumayo iso. Iqhuba zikhusela, kodwa kwakhona kwinxenye ngaphambili yakha Inwebu, nto leyo ifakiwe umzimba isixhobo optical. Xa umda inwebu kunye sclera ummandla limbus efanelekileyo.

Le choroid eqonda neempahla ezininzi, ogama msebenzi ukuba amandla umzimba wonke. Le ciliary Iifomu inwebu okanye iqumrhu ciliary (a isihlunu), nenoxanduva notshintsho ugobile ilens, ngamanye amazwi, yokuhlala. Kwakhona choroid uvumelane yi iris, nto leyo inomngxuma embindini - umfundi. Umbala iris ubukhulu becala limisa umbala yamehlo ngokwazo; omdaka, oluhlaza, angwevu okanye aluhlaza.

Retina - ke ngaphakathi iso. Apha ezikhona ngombala ebonwayo yabhalwa kwizinti kunye iikhowuni, athi abenoxanduva imbono kunye nomfanekiso. Enyanisweni, lo retina ekuqaleni bakha umfanekiso omfusa, ulwazi leyo ke idluliselwe kwindawo Occipital ye neuron.

Iris wohlula kummandla phakathi inwebu kunye ilens ezingontsini ezimbini: a ngaphambili kunye umva zazo zigcwele ehlekisayo zolwelo. Imisebenzi ukuba isondlo ulwelo lens kunye inwebu, kwakunye ekuqhekezeni umqadi ukukhanya.

Zombala main ezibonwayo

Inkqubo kokugcina iso kwenza kube lula ukuqonda umfanekiso umbala emini kunye emnyama namhlophe ebusuku. Kuba izakhiwo zokuqala uxanduva ezifana cone. Uninzi ingqondo yabo kuloo ndawo luteum corpus, elijolise inkoliso ukukhanya ezifunyenweyo.

Zombala zilandelayo cone:

1. Eritlab - linoxanduva entsa nemibala bomvu ebengezelayo.

2. Hlorolab - unoxanduva Umbono spectrum eluhlaza lokukhanya.

3. iodopsin - linoxanduva entsa shades abandayo emsi nemisonto emsi.

In cone ezimnyama ayeke umsebenzi, yaye endaweni kubo umsebenzi wand ifakiwe. Ezi zithinteli zenza umfanekiso emnyama namhlophe, kwaye kombala elinoxanduva kuyo, ebizwa rhodopsin. Oku kubonakaliswa ukuba abantu abangaboniyo babone ngcono ebumnyameni.

Yintoni na ke iliso njengoko inkqubo optical?

Ukuveza umfanekiso kwi retina iliso kufanele hit umqadi ukukhanya kubonakala ukusuka kwinto. Le Iplanga refracted kwaye lujolise ngokusebenzisa izixhobo entsonkothileyo enombala iso. Yintoni na ukwakha izakhiwo zayo?

Bahlupheka kakhulu refraction abe inwebu. Kubalulekile kwakhona isakhiwo yokuqala endleleni umqadi ukukhanya. Ngaphezu udlula umfundi kwaye refracted kancinane ngenxa lenguqu ukuya medium ulwelo, njengoko iiseli Iliso uburharha zolwelo. Okulandelayo, ukhanyiso refracted kwakhona xa kuziwa kumba lens iliso.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwavela ukukhanya ukufikelela luteum corpus kwi retina. Ukuba ujonga ngaphambi kokuba afike retina, kukho isifo - ukubona. Ukuba ukukhanya iwela kummandla retina, kukho kude bisayo. Nantso into iliso, yaye yintoni imisebenzi yenziwa ngaba umbutho emehlweni.