Ukunikwa ulwazi kwi computer

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba eqhelekileyo phakathi kwabantu bamandulo, abantu bale mihla neekhompyutha? Nangona umahluko, lilonke lisekhona. Rock mizobo womntu likumgangatho kushicilelo abaphila kunye code yokubini kuzo iikhompyutha - zonke iindlela ngolwazi, okanye, ngaphezulu kanye, ezinye kuphela iintlobo zazo. Ngoku, xa iikhompyutha ziye ukuba abe yinxalenye yobomi bemihla ngemihla yoluntu, wonke umntu, ukuba ukugcina isantya amaxesha, kufuneka uqonde ubuncinane imigaqo esisiseko namabinza.

Ukususela ekuqaleni kwalo, iinkqubo zekhompyutha kuthabathe izizukulwana ezininzi: kuqala ukuba umatshini ngoomatshini wongezelela, ngoko ke imodeli yesibane, ekugqibeleni, iintlobo le semiconductor elektroniki. Yintoni umdla kukuba, ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, xenikweni ekuqaleni becomputing, imigaqo esisiseko iikhowudi kwedatha iya kuhlala ingaguqukanga. Ngamanye amazwi, ilungiselelo lolwazi kwi computer kuyafana kwizixhobo mechanical. Kakade ke, sithetha ngemigaqo, hayi iindlela zokuphumeza. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba le ntetho kolwazi kwikhompyutha iye imvelo yokubini. Oku waxelelwa kwi kwizifundo zokuqala inzululwazi ikhompyutha esikolweni. Yintoni oyena nobangela elithi "calculus lokubini"?

Makhe ubale ukuya ezilishumi: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ... 10. Kolu ngcelele lemivo elishumi, kunye ngokwalo "10" - ongekhoyo, kuba iqulathe ezimbini elula "1" kunye "0". Ukungeniswa ulwazi kwenye ikhompyutha. Isebenzisa kuphela amanani amabini okuqala, kwaye hayi womfanekiso wabo nje, kwaye ungakubhabhisa nombane: i transistor, le "yezitena" eesekethe elektroniki, kunokuba izikhundla ezibini - ezingqalileyo. Xa wondla ombane wayo kwisiseko cut-off (kuchitha, iyunithi ingqiqo), ngoko ke element uqhuba akukho ngoku, yaye vice versa. Kakade ke, xa kusenziwa, kwanelungiselelo lolwazi kwi khompyutha iphunyezwa kwi iindlela nobunzima kakhulu, "1" linokuthetha zombini ubukho nokungabikho umqondiso. ZifunwaEzokugqibela kuphela olawula imeko a transistor abangatshatanga yenza umsebenzi logic "AND - OR".

Logic "0" yaye "1" zibizwa ngokuba amasuntswana (lebhayinari - digit yokubini, umfanekiso). Iqela warn (hayi ezilishumi!) Izinto yi Byte. Ukudibanisa ulandelelwano yabo encoder umsebenzisi. Ngenxa yoko, le byte - iyunithi incinane kolwazi. Ngenxa yoko, ukutshintsha indlela bytes nga enkhowudwa (emelwe ifomu yedijithali) kunye naluphi na ulwazi. encoding efana lwenziwa yi izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, kunye neenkqubo zekhompyutha. Ngokomzekelo, xa sithi "kwi Skype" ngokusebenzisa ngombhobho, isignali analog yombane (wave) aguqulwa ukuba ikhadi isandi zeros ubhalo kunye umsinga nabo abacandayo ukuya kumthombo, apho inguqu eguqulweyo ngokubaxwa i program - ngumtshangatshangiso ithunyelwa kumthombo yesandi. Ngokufanayo, ngokucinezela naliphi na iqhosha kwi iphedi yamaqhosha, umsebenzisi uxelela nkqubo olifunayo code yokubini, kodwa kuba lula igama olifunayo livela kwikhusi.

Iindlela zokubeka ulwazi kwikhompyutha, njengoko sele kuchaziwe, ivumela uku encoder bonke. Umzekelo, ngokuba idijithali imifanekiso isicelo isisombululo ilandelayo: ekubeni nawuphi na umfanekiso angamelwa njenge iseti amanqaku, nganye luphawulwa uququzelelo-moya, ukukhanya, umbala, kwanele ukuba zonke ezi data kwi computer ulandelelwano eqondakalayo kwabantu kunye amaqanda. Okulandelayo ukujonga ikopi ye-imeyile kwi isisitheliso esweni inkqubo ithumela kwi ulwazi isixhobo imveliso kwingongoma nganye, yaye ngokuhambelana umfanekiso lakhe yakhiwe.

Abaxhamla kwinkqubo lokubini yokubala kwi enye elula wayo kanye lula "ukubopha" ulawulo indibaniselayezitshixo elektroniki. Oku inxenye lo sizathu siphambili sokuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha mihla.