Ixesha Ordovician ye Paleozoic yeXesha: enezityalo nezilwanyana

Ordovician (inkqubo) - umaleko yesibini neetyuwa zeqela Paleozoic kwi kwimbali yokwakheka komhlaba le planethi. Igama livela kwisizwe yamandulo Ordovician. Babehlala eWales, UK. Eli xesha ithathwa njenge inkqubo ezimeleyo. Oku khona iminyaka lezigidi namakhulu amahlanu eyadlulayo futhi yathatha iminyaka izigidi ezingamashumi amathandathu. Ithuba eyabelwe phantse ziziqithi namhlanje kunye onke amazwekazi.

Geology Ordovician System

Ekuqaleni kwexesha North nakuMzantsi Melika wayecela eYurophu nase-Afrika. Australia onganeno kunye Afrika yaye inxalenye Asia. Enye izibonda kuwo kwinxalenye esemantla Afrika, enye - kumntla we-Pacific Ocean. Ekuqaleni le Ordovician okukhulu zisekunene Umhlaba ahlala kwilizwekazi ajenos. Sahlanganisa Umzantsi Melika lwangoku, South Atlantic Ocean, Australia, Afrika, North-Asia kunye Indian Ocean. Ngokuthe ngcembe, iYurophu kunye nomNtla Melika (Lawrence) ziye eyahlukileyo enye kwenye. kolwandle liyenyuka. Uninzi ilizwe kwi ezinezinga efudumeleyo. In ajenos zaye zemigodi, yaye kamva umkhenkce zwekazi. E Umzantsi Melika kunye kumntla-ntshona Afrika wahlala neetyuwa emazantsi moraines, nokushiye ixesha Paleozoic.

Ordovician e Arabia, kumazantsi eFransi, Spain esibonakala icing. E Brazil ne Ntshona Sahara imizila qhwa yafunyanwa. Ukwandiswa kwemimandla yolwandle kwenzeka Ordovician embindini. In intshona uMntla noMzantsi Merika, Great Britain, kwi luqhwemesha phambene-Mongolian, kumazantsi-mpuma Australia, nentwana le Ordovician neetyuwa kufika leemitha ishumi lamawaka. Kwezi ndawo, kwakukho abaninzi mlilo, mlilo lwasemoyeni Ingxenye. Fumanisa kwakhona chert: neyaspisi, ftanidy. In Russia ixesha Ordovician ibonakala ngokucacileyo kwi-European East, kwiqonga eSiberia, kwi Urals, Novaya Zemlya, kwi- New aseSiberia Islands, kwi Taimyr Peninsula e Kazakhstan kunye Central Asia.

isimo sezulu i Ordovician System

Xa imozulu Ordovician yahlulwa ngeentlobo ezine: yimvula, eyingcathu, sabutropikhi, nival. Xa Ordovician emva kokuba zokupholisa. Kwiingingqi yimvula obushushu edrophu degrees ezintlanu, kwimimandla asabutropikhi - elinesihlanu. Kakhulu kubanda kakhulu ezinezinga eliphezulu. I-Middle Ordovician kwakukho ukufudumala, xa kuthelekiswa ne lolawulo lwangaphambili. Oku kungqina distribution lekalika.

LeZimbiwa kwi Ordovician System

Phakathi izimbiwa kwasekwa kweli xesha, waphinda oyile negesi. Ingakumbi ezininzi iidipozithi eli xesha e North America. Kwakhona wabalaselisa idiphozithi ye-shale oyile, phosphorite. Ezi iidipozithi zicacisiwe ziinkqubo zejoloji apho daka waba inxaxheba. Hi xikombiso, ku Kazakhstan kukho iidipozithi lwe manganese ore kunye barytes.

Lolwandle Ordovician

I-Middle Ordovician kukho ulwandiso spaces bamazwe. Olwandle iba asezantsi. Ezi nguqu kwamchaphazela kabuhlungu ukuqokelelela umaleko enkulu yodaka, ezo zimelwe lendle abamnyama. Le ibandakanya ash iqhuma, namatye clastic nesanti. yolwandle nzulu ziye ibekwe yintoni na ngoku Intshona Melika naseYurophu.

Le enezityalo nezilwanyana le Ordovician

Lisiza kwixesha Ordovician ayahlukanga xa kuthelekiswa nethuba elidlulileyo. Kubonakala izityalo yokuqala emhlabeni. ubukhulu becala Bona zimelwe ubulembu.

Ubomi amanzi kweli xesha kakhulu ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubaluleke kakhulu kwimbali Yomhlaba. Wabumba iintlobo eziphambili izidalwa yolwandle. Kukho intlanzi yokuqala. bona kuphela mancinane kakhulu, malunga ezintlanu cm. Elwandle izidalwa yaqala ukubonakala izingxobo nzima. Oku kwakungenxa yokuba eziphilayo yaqala ukuphakama ngaphezu neetyuwa ezantsi kwalusa ngaphezu olwandle. Ngakumbi nangakumbi kukho izilwanyana ukuba aluse olwandle. Amanye amaqela ekuyo ekhulisa, abanye baye nje baqala ukuphuhlisa. Ekupheleni kwale Ordovician kuvela eziphilayo ezinomqolo. Ukusuka igwebu Kwabonakala imiphantsi yolwandle echinoderm, ulwandle weenyibiba. Okwangoku, eziphilayo ezifana iinyibiba elwandle kunye neenkwenkwezi ulwandle khona.

Ngaphezu iinyibiba ulwandle ndiyihlanganise ndiyidadise umhlambi jellyfish - oku umfanekiso omhle ngamaxesha amandulo. Abanini-kwakhona akuqala ukutshona nobomi babo. Neegastropods kunye elasmobranch imelwe inani elikhulu iintlobo. Kuphuhliso Ordovician izilwanyana chetyrehzhabernyh lwenzeka - a abameli bakudala Nautiloidea. Ezi izinto ngoku siphila enzulwini Indian Ocean. Olubi abameli yamandulo ezi eziphilayo ayethe tye, njengoko kuthelekiswa amaqokobhe egosogoso kweentlobo mihla inautilus. Ezi squid baba yokuphila utshaba.

izilwanyana ezintsha kweli thuba graptolites. Bona zizalana yi yavelisa amagqabi. Graptolites amakoloni wadala. Ngaphambili, ke wabhekisela coelenterates, ngoku - ukuba krylozhabernym ezingenamqolo. Ngeli xesha, graptolites kuphila, kodwa kukho izalamane zabo ezikude. Omnye wabo uhlala Sea North - yi Rhabdopleura normanni. Kwakhona, kukho iqela eziphilayo okunceda neekorale ukwakha izixhobo. Kwakhona wabonakala ngeli xesha - oko bryozoans. Zikhona ke, ezinjengezi eziphilayo kwi kwamatyholo kwentambo ezintle. Yokuba loo ntshutshiso yenzeke aromorphoses Ordovician e eziphilayo.

Abemi kweelwandle

Le yelitye lentlabathi e eColorado amaqhekeza wafumana iintlanzi jawless zaye. Babesomba nezinye iintsalela yezidalwa ezinomqolo, efana ukrebe. Iifosili zibonisa ukuba Ordovician ezahlukeneyo jawless zenye namhlanje.

Izilwanyana yokuqala elimazinyo - it conodonts. Ezi zidalwa iyafana induna. emihlathini yabo yahlukile imihlathi eziphilayo. Izazinzulu ziye ekuthini iintlobo zezidalwa eziphilayo eyayihlala kweelwandle kwithuba ngasentla bumakhulu mathandathu. Le snap ebandayo wayengomnye izizathu ekutshabalaleni kweentlobo ezininzi. yolwandle nzulu ziye zibe zithabazi, wafa izilwanyana zolwandle. Isiphumo inye sibamba kunye nezilwanyana zeli xesha.

Isizathu sokuba ekutshabalaleni izinto zezilwanyana

Kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi ubunzima kukutshabalala izidalwa:

1. Kwaqhuma gamma ngaphakathi kwinkqubo elanga.
2. Ukuwa imizimba ezinkulu evela emajukujukwini. iziqwenga zabo okanye awe ezifumaneka kule mini.
3. Isiphumo Ukuqulunqwa kweenkqubo ntaba. namawa badlula ngumoya kunye nomhlaba. Ngenxa yezi nkqubo esezantsi carbon, ethi ichaphazele ukufudumala.
4. Ukuhambisa ajenos kwi-South Pole kwakhokelela snap ebandayo, kwaye ngoko ke umkhenkce ubudala, ukuncitshiswa amanzi elwandle.
5. Ukwanda elwandle iintsimbi zehlabathi. Bafunda kwizidalwa ukuba ixesha iqulethe imigangatho ephakamileyo ezahlukeneyo zesinyithi. Ityhefu Water kwenzeka iintsimbi.

Yeyiphi kwezi iinguqulelo zibonakala nabathembekayo, yaye kutheni izilwanyana extinct Ordovician, okwangoku akwaziwa.