Ukumkani eYordan kunye nentsapho yakhe

Ukumkani eYordan Hashemite bazibiza, okt kwinzala Hashim - .. Great-uyisemkhulu uMprofethi Muhammad. Ukuze kuzenza zonke-ebizwa ngokuba IAbbasid neenkokheli owayenguMlawuli Arab Caliphate kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane VIII. de intshabalalo yayo kwinkulungwane XIII. . Ukususela ekupheleni X kwenkulungwane, le emirs Hashemite yokulawula iziko yonqulo amaSilamsi - eMecca. nyana ongamphambi kokugqibela koKuhlala ye Emir waza waba ngukumkani wokuqala Jordan Abdullah I. Ekubeni kokufumana inkululeko ngo-1946, bekukho ezine kumkani. Intwana ephawuleka kwimbali yesithathu lasekhohlo, uKumkani Hussein Jordan kunye nonyana wakhe - Yibone yangoku Abdullah II.

Esakhula uKumkani Hussein

UKumkani Hussein eYordan wazalelwa Amman ngo-1935. Apho ke wafumana imfundo yamabanga, eqhubekileyo eYiputa. Waza waqhubeka izifundo zakhe e-England e Harrow School oMkhosi Academy Sandhurst, apho waba abahlobo kunye nomzala wakhe wesibini kakumkani Faisal of Iraq II.

July 20, 1951 ukumkani wokuqala eYordan, Abdullah mna, sikhatshwe Prince Hussein waya eYerusalem ukwenza imithandazo ngoLwesihlanu e Al-Aqsa Mosque. Kulo mcimbi, umgrogrisi Israel wavula umlilo phezu ukumkani, waza wabulawa. Hussein oneminyaka eli-15 ubudala bagaleleka ukugxotha umhlaseli. Okuzibonela wangqina ukuba mbulali adubula yinkosana, kodwa imbumbulu ricochet ukusuka iimbasa kwi iyunifomu yakhe, sisenokwamkelwa yi utatomkhulu wakhe.

Yintoni isizathu sokuba intiyo le namaPalestina ukuya umlawuli aseYordan? Inyaniso yokuba kule minyaka 1947-1949. Jordan basithatha owayesakuba Ukuthunywa British of the British uBukhosi, i-West Bank of kuMlambo iYordan , East neYerusalem, apho i-UN kwakuthetha ukuba ummandla ngurhulumente omtsha Arab ye ePalestina. Le nokudliwa sakhatshwa yi ukugxothwa omkhulu we kaSirayeli ntsha kubemi yamaYuda. Ukususela ngoko, eli lizwe, ingakumbi zahlulo zamaYuda Arabhu baseYerusalem baba umthombo yongquzulwano ixesha elide ekhokelele iimfazwe ezimbini.

Iimeko Ukuvuma itrone

Ekuqaleni, uKumkani wazala unyana Hussein wakhe omdala Abdullah I Talal. Kodwa kamva, emva kweenyanga ezilishumi, kwanyanzeleka ukuba asuke ngenxa isimo sakhe sengqondo (oogqirha yaseYurophu Arabhu kwafunyaniswa schizophrenia). Ngoko ke, i Crown Prints Huseyn oneminyaka eli-16 ubudala lwabhengezwa nguKumkani Hashemite zobukumkani kweYordan, Agasti 11, 1952. Okokuqala, kude iNkosana ubudala, owayelawula Regency lizwe. voshestvie Ofanele Hussein ukuya kwetrone kwenzeka ngoMeyi 1953.

Iimeko ezakhokelela Six Day War

Kwiminyaka emithathu emva kokuba ibekwa kaKumkani Hussein of Jordan iye indawo onke amagosa yaseBritani umkhosi phezu Jordanians. Eli nyathelo ngaphandle kuye ukunyaniseka emkhosini.

Ukutyhubela 1960, Hussein wafuna ukusombulula iingxabano ndawo uSirayeli ngoxolo. Lo mgaqo-kungekhona iinjongo abasemagunyeni Iraqi, EbengumAram kunye umYiputa, nelikhokelwa ngu Nasser, yayityhefwe yi ubuzwe Arab idibana, ukuba ukwala umgaqo kungenzeka ubukho kwelizwe lamaJuda.

Le meko wawunzima yi kukuba basePalestina amaqela silwe Arab esekelwe kwi-Aram, Jordan naseYiputa, befuna nokumisa obabo imeko yabo, yaqala impi nxamnye nomsebenzi Israeli Zasebhofolo iYerusalem.

Ngokuthe ngcembe ukwandisa zamehlo phakathi kwamazwe Arab kunye namaSirayeli ehlotyeni ka-1967 kubangele emfutshane kodwa anegazi ezintandathu Day War, nto leyo ekhokelele umkhosi Jordanian ndagxothwa eWest Bank and East iYerusalem, umkhosi waseYiputa - ukusuka yeSinayi Peninsula kunye umSiriya - ukusuka iGolan Heights .

Emva kwemfazwe, Jordan uye kuzo United States eninzi inkxaso yezoqoqosho. US wafuna ukubulala phambi enye anti-uSirayeli Arab, nokuba inxenye baphumelela.

NgoSeptemba 1970, uKumkani Hussein of Jordan wayalela ukuba ayikhuphe ukuyilwa basePalestina Liberation Umbutho evela lizwe. Ukuhlaselwa namabutho Palestine kwaqhubeka de ngoJulayi 1971, xa amawaka namaPalestina saqhutywa becala eLebhanon. Noko ke, Jordan akaninikanga up ibango layo West Bank neYerusalem East.

Yom Kippur War

UMongameli Egyptian Anwar Sadat, waseSiriya uMongameli Hafez al-Assad noKumkani Hussein eYordan badibana ekwindla yokuqala ka-1973, ukuze baxoxe amathuba imfazwe omtsha noSirayeli. Hussein, ngenxa yokoyika okunye ukulahleka intsimi, wala ukuba nenxaxheba kulo. Akazange akholwe amadinga Sadat kunye PLO USihlalo Yasira Arafata xa kuthe transfer woloyiso West Bank of kweYordan. Ngobusuku ka September 25, Hussein labhabha ngasese Tel Aviv ngehelikopta lokulumkisa Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir of an ukuhlasela.

October 6, 1973, Syria neYiputa ahlasela amaSirayeli ngaphandle koncedo kweYordan. Le nokulwa de ngoJanuwari 1974. Egypt baphinde yeSinayi Peninsula, kodwa okuseleyo kulo mmandla, yathathwa yi kwaSirayeli ngexesha Six Day War, wahlala phantsi kolawulo lwakhe.

Uxolo namaSirayeli

Nangona nokusayinwa 1978 Camp uDavide uxolo umnqophiso phakathi kweYiputa noSirayeli, Jordan baqhubeka ukwenza isikhalazo yokugqibela kwi West Bank kunye ngokusesikweni imfazwe kunye naye. Kulandele ixesha elide thethwano yolamlo eUnited States, de ekugqibeleni ngo-1994, yaye watyikitywa amaSirayeli-Jordan Uxolo Treaty, awathi Jordan livumile ukuba ukubandakanywa komhlaba Israel kumaSirayeli ngomhla ukuzimela.

Hussein waqhubeka umsebenzi wakhe mbambano-thethwano phakathi amaSirayeli kunye namaPalestina, nto leyo 1997 kwakhokelela kwisivumelwano malunga nokurhoxa kudala lilindelwe eentloko ezaxhobela Israeli ukusuka kwizixeko likhulu West Bank.

Ukugula nokufa kukaKumkani Hussein

Ekupheleni kukaJulayi 1998 kwaye esidlangalaleni ukuba Hussein kwafunyaniswa ukuba unomhlaza. Waya Clinic, eUnited States, apho wayebambe ikhondo unyango olumandla, leyo, Noko ke, akuzange kuveze iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo. Yaba umlo inkosi yesibini kunyaka-62 ubudala ngumhlaza; Waphelelwa a sezintso ngenxa kwesi sifo 1992. Xa ithemba lokuba esi sifo siya kuba nako ukulwanabo, ekhohlo, Hussein wamisela ezihlangwini zakhe nonyana Abdullah ngoFebruwari 1999, wabuyela Amman.

Ekubuyeni kwakhe eYordan, waza wadibana ngamalungu osapho, abalungiseleli, amalungu epalamente, abathunywa amazwe kunye izihlwele labemi kweYordan, apho kuqikelelwa ukuba amagosa karhulumente Jordanian wahlanganiselwa kubantu 3 million. kwiintsuku ezimbini emva kokubuya kwakhe Korol Huseyn, kwimo ukufa lwezonyango kwinkxaso ubomi ngumntu, yena inqanyulwe koomatshini inkxaso yobomi.

Etroneni yakhe yena indawo nguKumkani aseYordan Abdullah II.

UKumkani Hussein eJordan kunye nomfazi wakhe,

Umlawuli watshata izihlandlo ezine. Ukususela nenkosikazi yakhe yokuqala wazala intombi uSharifa Alia. Umtshato nomfazi wakhe wesibini, i Englishwoman Antoinette Gardner, bazisa abantwana Hussein ezine: oonyana Abdullah (1962 p, ukumkani langoku.) Yaye Fysala neentombi Aisha kunye uZayn. umfazi Third Alia, abasweleke kwingozi moya ngo-1977, wazala intombi Haya Hussein kunye nonyana wakhe Ali. Ke ekugqibeleni, umfazi wesine uLisa unina nabanye abantwana ezine: oonyana Hamza kunye Hasim neentombi Iman kunye Raivo.

Yibone ekhoyo Jordan

Yintoni le lizwe Korol Abdalla? Jordan i lobukhosi siseko apho ukumkani igcina amandla amakhulu. uqoqosho Jordan ithe fithi kakhulu ukususela ngoko, xa Abdullah weza etroneni ngo-1999 ngenxa yokwanda lotyalo-mali lwangaphandle, ukunwenwa kwisenzo namaqumrhu oluntu nawabucala kunye nokudalwa eziliqela iindawo zorhwebo free. Ngenxa yezi kutshintsho, ukukhula kwezoqoqosho e Jordan iye ngokuphindwe kabini xa kuthelekiswa kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka wama-1990 waza wafikelela kwi-6% ngonyaka.

Ziziphi ezinye zimpumelelo azikwazi malibhalwe esebenzayo Korol Abdalla? Jordan xa wenza isivumelwano lorhwebo olukhululekileyo olukhoyo ne-United States, nto leyo isivumelwano lesithathu olunjalo eUnited States lokuqala kunye lizwe Arabhu.

Le ntlekele lwehlabathi yoqoqosho kunye ebizwa ngokuba "Spring Arab" emva kwakhokelela xenga kwezopolitiko eYordan. Ngowe-2011-2012 gg. kweli lizwe ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha kwakukho Uqhankqalazo ubunzima zimbi akanelisekanga imeko yezoqoqosho. Noko ke, ezolileyo okunongwe Politika Abdally negalelo kukwehla kombono kwaye kuzinziswe lizwe.

impilo Personal

Ngokungafaniyo noyise, uKumkani Abdullah II Jordan ibambelela zengqondo pro-yaseYurophu emtshatweni. Umfazi wakhe kuphela Rania wamzalela abantwana ezine: oonyana Hussein (Crown Prince) kunye Hashim neentombi Iman kunye Salma. Umfazi ukumkani eYordan wazalwa e Kuwait abazali Palestine. Wafunda e Kuwait, Egypt nase-United States. Phambi iyazazi Ablalloy ngo-1993, yena wayesebenza kwi-ofisi Citibank e Amman. Umfazi ukumkani eYordan, ifoto yayo eboniswe ngezantsi, yindoda mihla, ekhuthele kakhulu kwi social networks, YouTube, Facebook no-Twitter. Rania uthathwa ukuba abe ndlela ifanelekileyo mihla umfazi Arab, kungekho, kodwa ubeka ukuba imilinganiselo yokuqala yintsapho eqhelekileyo.

Yena linoluvo lokuba abantwana basebukhosini kufuneka bazi ubomi benene. King usapho aseYordan iyahluka phandle engaqhelekanga kunye nedemokhrasi, kunye ngetyala siphambili oku okuya kuhlwe ngaphambili. Noko ke, yena engaphenduli up ezinye ezimnandi isikhundla sakhe sobukhosi ezifana izihlangu igolide ebunzima 400 grams, namaqhosha ngamatye anqabileyo.