Kwabathile - yintoni na le nto? Ukugxothwa bamazwe angaphandle, abafuduki nabantu bonke - zithini izizathu?

Ukugxothwa okanye ukugxothwa njenge abantu ezahlukeneyo ingakumbi kunye nabantu ngokubanzi oluqhutywa kulo mkhuba ehlabathini, urhulumente ngokufuthi, kokukhona kaninzi kubonakala xa efika kuqala. Kwabathile - yiso kanye elo gama esemthethweni leyo ithetha ukuba kususwe naziphi na iindawo zokuhlala kwabo isigxina. Kwaye ngoku-abekwe: eyingozi eluntwini!

Kwi-USSR,

Kwabathile - lo kugxothwa, ireferensi (kwigama lesiLatini «deportatio»). Enye iimpawu yayo ephambili, umzekelo, kwi-USSR waba ubuntu badla ezingezizo ezenkundla, kwakunye nombutho we amanani amakhulu abantu kwiindawo ngokunjalo ukuhlala ezisemaphandleni lizwe. Ngokutsho kwezinye mbali, ukugxothwa kwabantu senziwa esebenzayo izizwe ezilishumi USSR: i Korea, eFinland, amaJamani, Kalmyks, Karachai, Chechens, Ingush, iCrimea AmaTatar, Balkars, Meskhetian Turks. Abanye babo ngaxeshanye, ndayihluthwa ukuzimela wesizwe! Kodwa, enyanisweni, phantsi nokufuduswa ngenkani, kunye nabanye abaninzi - lwentlalo bohlanga - iindidi abemi eSoviet Union. Cossacks, kulaks, IsiTshayina, izibonda, baseLatvia, Estonia, Armenia, Tajiks ... Ngokubanzi, ububanzi, njengesiqhelo, umxhelo!

indaba

Sinokuthi, ukugxothwa - nkqubo yokugxothwa kunye kohlanga. Kwaye oko yaqala ngo-1918 -1925 kwiminyaka. unyanzelekile ukufuduka of the White Guard Cossacks, kwakunye elikhulu mhlaba. Bathunyelwa ukuya Donbass, eMntla Caucasus kunye Far North. ilizwe labo zizaku nikezelwa kudweliso Ingush kunye Chechens.

Kule 30 kwilizwe lonke nangoku yokusebenza kwizikolo apho mfundiso siyaqhutywa iilwimi kwizizwe ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, eLeningrad, epapashwe amaphephandaba iilwimi amane (kuquka IsiTshayina) ngo! Ke kaloku yokusasaza Finnish (a baninzi ayehlala kule ndawo iLeningrad abameli kule uhlanga). Ke, wakha kwi-30 yee kaThixo urhulumente arhoxise yangaphambili -nkqubo wesizwe lokuphelisa nya ukuzimela kwezopolitiko kunye nezenkcubeko kunabantu. Oku kwenzeka nxamnye yangasemva lonke engqongqo amandla kweli lizwe, yiya kwi ingcinezelo obunokubakho kwaye eyona nenkcaso. Babophe baseJamani, eFinland, Estonia yaye baseLatvia eLeningrad. Ukususela umda ngenkani abagxothiweyo abantu bendawo (uninzi - i eFinland). Ashera kunye baseJamani (elinesihlanu lamawaka iintsapho - up abantu 65 000) ugxothiwe ukusuka Ukraine, ukusuka imimandla eyayikufuphi nomda Poland - ku Kazakhstan kunye Karaganda. Ekupheleni kweminyaka ngokupheleleyo yanatyiselwa ukuya kokupapashwa kumaphephandaba uncwadi ngeelwimi yesizwe, kancane onke amabhunga kwilali yesizwe kunye nezithili.

Ukugxothwa yaseKorea zabantu

Yena waba ngowokuqala eSoviet Union. Kungenxa yoko le nto - kwaye abaninzi ngequbuliso. Ukhutsho kwenzeka ngenkani, ngokusebenzisa amabutho NKVD, kwi "nemizila", kwi ezimbi kakhulu, nto leyo ekhokelele ekubeni inani eliphezulu lamaxhoba endleleni. Ngenxa yoko, 172.000 Korea bela eMpuma Ekude (umda) e Kazakhstan kunye Uzbekistan, amazwe intombi kwintsimi indoda nabemi. Kwaye abantu abaninzi indlela abaye bafa!

Ukugxothwa baseJamani

Ngowe-1941, ngo-Agasti, ummiselo urhulumente uyekwa iVolga waseJamani Ukuzilawula Republic. Malunga namakhulu amane amawaka amaJamani bagxothwa (neentsuku ezimbini) kwi Urals, eSiberia, ku Kazakhstan. Kwakhona ngokuxhomekeke unyanzelekile kwenye indawo nabameli bezizwe zelo lizwe ebeyinalo uHitler manyano (i eFinland, Bulgarians, Hungarians). Yaye ngowe-1942 ukusuka ingumsebenzi uphum abantu malunga namashumi amane amawaka! Ngaphezu koko, abo babuyela emva kwemfazwe, bagxothwa kwakhona 1947-1948.

operation nesityu

NgoJanuwari 1944, L. P. Beriya amabango ezikhethekileyo imiyalelo yendlela yokuziphatha kunikwe aba bantu Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba buqu Beria kweliso lo msebenzi mthetho apho uqikelelo endala wawuzinyaswe nekhulu elinamashumi amabini amawaka amajoni namagosa NKVD kunye nezinye iiyunithi. NgoFebruwari efika Grozny waza wadibana kunye nenkokheli kwiriphabliki kunye neenkokeli zokomoya, ukucela ukuba enze umsebenzi wokulungiselela phakathi kwabantu basekuhlaleni. Kwaye ngoFebruwari 23 iqala ukusebenza ukhutsho ngenkani kubantu bonke. Wavuthela igama ikhowudi "Panther" (radioed), nto leyo kwajongela ikamva labantu abaninzi. Kwabathile - kuhlala buhlungu kunye yintlekele.

Kodwa hayi yonke into waya kakuhle njengoko wayenethemba yi-NKVD. Kwenye indawo kwi Chechens kunye Ingush ukusuka labantu bendawo wayehamba yimizamo ezininzi ukubaleka, ukungathobeli abasemagunyeni. Ngokutsho ubungqina NKVD, yakwazi ukuba kuzimela ezintabeni malunga namawaka asixhenxe abantu baye babanjwa ngaphezu kwamawaka amabini bavukeli, malunga namawaka - babulawa. "Umthetho zokunyanzelisa", ngoko ukuze uthethe, abasemagunyeni babamba ngexesha lokusebenza, kwakumalunga namashumi amabini amawaka zokuzenzela, umatshini ngemipu kwaye umatshini ngemipu, ezinye ngemipu. Kwaye oku kuphela idatha ezisemthethweni! Kunokuthiwa ukuba Chechen kunye Ingush izizwe ukuba ekwazi ukumelana ophucukileyo kugonyamelo mthethweni ke abasemagunyeni.

Ukugxothwa iCrimea nangezinto

Nesizathu sokuba oku engekho kufudukela lonke yabantu kakhulu ngokwesiqhelo: ngokusebenzisana amaNazi ngethuba umsebenzi eCrimea okulandelwa kwezentlalo ingozi. Ukugxothwa AmaTatar yaqala ngoMeyi 1944, kamva, ngexesha perestroika, oko yathatyathwa lolwaphulo-mthetho yaye mthethweni waza wagwetyelwa kule USSR. I kufuneka bathi phakathi Second World War wenza ezinye AmaTatar wawelela elutshabeni, ukuzibandakanya wokuzithandela zolwakhiwo zomkhosi, ngamaNazi. Kodwa lo mcimbi - akukho sizathu sokuba ukhutsho zonke abameli babantu. Kodwa i "ezilungileyo" iCrimea AmaTatar, eyalwa eSoviet Army, udlule imfazwe zoloyiso, emva kwamabutho babefuduswa (kuthunyelwa kwiindawo ukugxothwa). data NKVD, kuphela Uzbekistan, kwakukho bungaphezu kweekhilogram ezingamawaka amathandathu amagqala AmaTatar, uninzi leyo ngaphambili bezinikezelwe, nkqu urhulumente. Ngaphezu koko, nabangeneleli baya kunikwa kuphela isiqingatha seyure ukuba balungele (abanye babo - imizuzwana embalwa)! Ngamanye amaxesha shot kwi ndawo abo wayengasakwazi ukuhamba. Indlela kunqabile wondla, igcinwe ngaphandle kwamanzi. Uthuthwa makhareji, ngaphandle zangasese, ngaphandle izibonelelo. Ungxamile, bamngcwaba abafileyo kufuphi imizila kaloliwe. Kwakungekho unyango, abantu baqalisa ukuba bagule.

Kwaba isiphelo ezinye izizwe ezininzi abangenayo ngokungekho mthethweni: Karachai, Kalmyks, Balkars, Azeri, amaGrike, Turks, Armenia. Ngoku siyazi ukuba ukugxothwa yaphikela kwezoqoqosho kunye nenkcubeko USSR ezingenakulungiswa monakalo. Kwakhona kubukela igunya namandla wabonakaliswa izinto ezimbi wokukhutshwa nkqubo kazwelonke.

Isizathu (Act Rehabilitation 1991)

Ngokutsho kwakhe, ingqalelo abantu zinganakwa (kwakunye - iintlanga kunye nabanye abahlali zabantu), ngokuphathelele apho kwinqanaba lesizwe - ngenxa yokuba kukho izincedisi ethile - yabanjwa nkqubo kohlanga ngodaba, ekhatshwa lokufuduswa kunye kwintshabalalo. Zonke ukufuduka okungekho mthethweni bantu msulwa, abanatyala, yaye apho kunokwenzeka, abuyela endaweni yawo yokuqala.

umthetho Modern (umthetho we-2014, lo ukugxothwa)

Intsimi zomthetho mihla, lo gama nelithi ukususwa yezolawulo. Esi sohlwayo usebenza nabantu abangenambuso. Ukugxothwa abavela kwamanye amazwe yabo yokuzithandela-elawulwa, eshiya ilizwe ahlala kuzo. Phantsi komthetho omtsha, ukungena kummandla eRashiya akuvumelekanga ukuba ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sesigidi bolunye uhlanga!

Ukugxothwa abafakwa Kulindeleke, ukuba waphula imithetho lokuhlala kweli lizwe, yi-mthetho (ubukhulu becala ukuya kwiintsuku 90 iinyanga ezintandathu, kwakunye mthetho oqhelekileyo ekhubazekile). Kuba amashishini baqesha abangekho mthethweni ukusebenza, kulungiselelwa ukwandisa izohlwayo ukuya engange kwesigidi. Kwiimeko ngokuphindaphindiweyo - ukwayo, kude kukuvalwa nkampani. Ukongeza, kuba laph 'abaninzi inika inkqubo fayini kunye nezohlwayo yolwaphulo-mthetho!