Impahla Abrasive: iimpawu, isicelo

Uluntu ebesazi abrasives zeminyaka emininzi. Abantu babesebenzisa amatye nesanti ukuze ziphembelele alole iintshengece, imikhonto kunye yotolo kunye iphakanyiswe. Eyokuqala yaba isandstone esirhabaxa, apho indima esisebenza wayedlala iinkozo ezincinane of zwi. Ide ukufunyanwa iindlela zokulungisa kakuhle le nto metal esirhabaxa kwakhokelela ukuba kungenzeka uphuhliso lonke uluntu, njengoko abantu ngoko nje ayikho enye indlela yokwenza izixhobo umsebenzi zombini kunye nezixhobo.

Yintoni ukusuka kwindawo ngokwasemzimbeni lwembono,

abrasives Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu izimbiwa nzima kakhulu, nto leyo akhiwe esesiphelweni eliphezulu Mohs isikali yokuqaqadeka - ukusuka zwi ukuya idayimani. Kodwa izinto athambileyo uyakwazi ukwenza lo msebenzi. Isiponji, soda yokubhaka sisigingqi iziqhamo unako na isizathu ukubiza abrasives. Ngazo nazo yonke imihla, kunye nokubaluleka kwazo kubomi bemihla ngemihla mkhulu.

Kwezinye iinkqubo, ukuba ingasetyenziswa?

izinto Abrasive isoloko ekuthiwa ngenxa yayo ngokwasemzimbeni, yaye ngenxa yobume ukusetyenziswa. Kukho iindidi ezininzi iinkqubo ezinjalo. Kumashini sandblasting ethile kusetyenziswa elona nani liphezulu ngezinto, phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo akukho ichazwa kuba iipropati esirhabaxa. Le izixhobo isebenzisa umoya umjelo enamandla okanye amanzi, apho ehamba ngesantya esiphezulu amasuntswana amancinane ezinye iikhompawundi. Kwezinye iimeko, umntu enemingxuma esirhabaxa, udlala indima yecebo-yagcina.

koomatshini Sandblasting asetyenziswa likhazimliswe kunye nendawo ophela lokugqibela nxalenye kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo. Oku kungathatha phantse naziphi izinto esirhabaxa ukusuka iqokobhe weminoti nembewu yezityalo zasePilippi, amaqokobhe zonke izilwanyana kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo ukuze amaqhekeza incinane ngentsimbi, SLAG, iglasi okanye nesoda yokubhaka.

ezona zinto zibalulekileyo

Silica intlabathi kakhulu athandwa iibhulorho uqhushumbiso esirhabaxa kunye nezinye izakhiwo nensimbi. Ngenxa yoko kukho unyango olusebenzayo kakhulu irusi, nto leyo iphucula kakhulu ayasiqinisekisa zobunjineli. Le nkqubo ifuna abrasives eliphezulu mninzi. Njengoko umthetho, unyango izakhiwo yesinyithi kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa umoya. Udlala indima yokuba namafutha yamasuntswana kwaye akukho neziphumo ezongezelelweyo entsimbini.

Noko ke, kwezinye iimeko, usetyenziswe, kunye namanzi. Ingakumbi xa uhlamba izakhiwo eziphathekayo. Phantse zonke izakhiwo kwakhiwa kwindawo zephetshana unxweme, hlale kufuneka. Isibakala sokuba kumphezulu wazo kwanda ngexesha ngomaleko omkhulu womhlaba ze ityuwa kunye nezinye iikhompawundi entsimbini. amanzi, nto leyo ngaphambili wongezelela umbandela efanelekileyo (esirhabaxa) hayi kususa kuphela nabo eziphathekayo, kodwa ivelisa "desalting". Kwakhona, esi senzo ngokubonakalayo kwandisa ubomi lweenkonzo izakhiwo.

Ipolishi kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo

Ipolishi - yiloo inkqubo ibalulekileyo abrasives apho ifuneka ebanzi kakhulu. Njengomthetho jikelele, ukuba kuziswe bafezeke iimveliso ugqibile okanye amanye amacandelo usebenzisa paste ezizodwa okanye amavili ethambileyo, kwaye ezimbaxa ngokusekelwe nentlaka zokwenziwa. Kudingeka nokuba isiponji elula esirhabaxa. Cerium oxide, idayimani, dust, oxide zentsimbi kunye chromium oxide - imichiza ezithi ngoyena usetyenziswa rhoqo namhlanje.

Novakulit (rocks ashinyeneyo siliceous) - kananjalo kuba izinto wokucoca elungileyo ekrwada eziphathekayo. Cerium oxide izimbiwa kakhulu amaninzi asetyenziswa likhazimliswe neglasi. Le uxhulumaniso oko akuthethi ukukrwela, kodwa liboleke ngobuqhophololo ukhanye. Noko ke, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, Karbid Kremniya kunye nedayimani zokwenziwa le isetyenziswa kakhulu. Ngokusekelwe kuwo, ukuba wenze ibhanti esirhabaxa ingakumbi zexabiso kakuhle. It ifanele kakuhle kakhulu ukwenzela unyango yezinto ezininzi "abangenazigqibo".

Ukusetyenziswa kwamabala magnetic

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngakumbi nangakumbi ngokubanzi kushishino aqalile ukuqhuba inkqubo ukugaya esirhabaxa. Ukuze wenze oku, musa ukusebenzisa amanzi enoxinzelelo okanye umoya: amasuntswana amancinane esirhabaxa idada entsimini enamandla, eyenza i "ilitye". Le ndlela isetyenziswa zobunjineli ngqo, njengoko ingasetyenziswa Polish ingamelana iinkcukacha, nto leyo ngesiqhelo kuba kubiza kakhulu ukusingatha kunye / okanye ixesha elide. Njengoko esirhabaxa ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo ngokuqhelekileyo aluminium ezimbaxa kunye iintsimbi ezo kule propati.

ubuchule wokucoca Magnetorheological

Xa lisusiwe rheological indlela ukugudisa "emzimbeni" isixhobo esirhabaxa. Ezi zinto zixubene kunye ulwelo apho ukuba move yatyeba phantsi kwempembelelo zombane. Le ndlela efanayo ngeendlela ezininzi naleyo ichazwe ngasentla, oko Iyasetyenziswa ukunyanga iinxalenye ezithile kubunjineli nocoselelo kunye namashishini efanayo.

Ngokubanzi, kwiminyaka yakutshanje kwi zemveliso uya uvuma ukusebenzisa abrasives, pre-axutywe zokufuma okanye nentlaka zokwenziwa. Umzekelo onguwo - GOI desensitised paste esirhabaxa ngokusekelwe chromium oxide. Kudala kwaziwa, kodwa kuphela kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuyo ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Isizathu ilula - zamaxabiso aphantsi kwalo ezimbaxa kunye nokusebenza kwayo phezulu ngexesha ipolishi. Kwakhona, izenzo paste ngobulali esirhabaxa kumbandela ukuphathwa, ngaphandle ukuzikrwempa okanye ukuzilimaza ngayo.

Ukugaya amasondo for angle ziyeke iintokazi ( "Bulgarians")

Zisetyenziswa kuphela likhazimliswe. Abrasives zisenako kuzisikisa, iimathiriyeli ingakumbi ixesha elide. Ukulungiselela le njongo, amavili ezingcakacileyo esirhabaxa zenziwa ngenxa ye-aluminiyam oxide kunye nentlaka izakhi. Kwiimeko ezinqabe kakhulu, sisinyithi, ukugaya ivili. izixhobo ezinjalo kubalulekile ingakumbi nezokukhupha iikwari ibhastile. Isibakala sokuba le izimbiwa esixineneyo kakhulu, kakuhle ukuba iisarha sawing oluqhelekileyo.

Njengokuba sele sitshilo, usetyenziswa ukusika aluminiyam oxide, Karbid Kremniya, idayimani eyenziweyo kunye boron khabhayithi. Kwezi, sinokwenziwa ivili besila, ukuquka isimo blade isarha eyodwa izinto eziphakamileyo-amandla.

The main izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kushishino

Ngoko ke, ezi zihlanganisi kwakufuneka kukhula, ipolishi, ngokunciphisa izinto. kushishino Modern usoloko esebenzisa isixhobo esirhabaxa equlunqwe ngumntu. Isizathu soku - ngokwentelekiso iindleko phantsi ezenziwe. ngokwendalo zithako ezenzeka ayabiza kakhulu ngakumbi. Phakathi kwabo ngokuphindaphindiweyo qha uthe aluminiyamu oxide kunye Karbid Kremniya, zirconia wabiza njalo-superabrasives (diamond okanye boron ephuculweyo).

Ngaphandle zinqabile yaye ikakhulu zimelwe yi corundum. Yena imali eninzi kakhulu, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo ekuvelisweni ulinganiselwe ngokwaneleyo. Xa i iidayimani ezisetyenziswa kunqabile lemvelo ukua likhazimliswe ngenxa yobukhulu incinane kakhulu, okanye iziphene zokwakha.

Kwemvelo of abrasives zoshishino

Imbali abrasives lezoshishino besila amavili baqalisa kunye izimbiwa zendalo - zwi kunye lesilicon, ngokunjalo corundum. Yeyona yokugqibela, ngasendleleni, okokuqala yaye yaziwa ngokuba "elilukhuni". Yaba bar yokuqala esirhabaxa. Ukwala kwezimbiwa zendalo kwaqala kwisiqingatha sokuqala kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini kwaye phantse zagqitywa ekupheleni kwayo. Ingongoma apha yaba iindleko eziphezulu ngezinto zemvelo kuphela. Isibakala sokuba bonke babe iipropati echazwe kakuhle ukutshintsha aphume. abrasives eyenziweyo waqala phantsi kwemiqathango ethile, inokuba nomahluko kakhulu kwaye yebloko ukusombulula iingxaki ezingaqhelekanga.

Ngokomzekelo, esebenzisa ubugcisa obutsha anokwenziwa ezimbaxa kunye imilo yamasuntswana efana ceba. Ezo zinto iyilungele isicelo phezu kwamavili wokucoca. Ngaphezu koko, sinako ukwenza izinto ezintsha ngokupheleleyo, ngokuhlanganisa, umzekelo, titanium oxide kunye iikhompawundi aluminium. Ezi abrasives zezona ukuba unyango kumphezulu ingakumbi nzima.

Xa kwakukho "idabi esirhabaxa" kolu shishino?

Imveliso yanamhlanje abrasives, kuquka ukukhululwa esivikivayo amavili kunye khumba elilukhuni, kunzima ukuchaza ngenxa ubunzima zokuthengisa patent, nokuthe kwiimeko ezininzi ukuchaza imveliso efanayo. Undoqo ukuze mfazwe ilula - kuba umahluko incinane ekwakhiweni ngamachiza ukubhalisa umfanekiso kraca omtsha. Kodwa yintoni na sisiseko abrasives zokwenziwa, kwaye xa ishishini waba ithuba ubunzima ukusebenzisa?

Ngokwenene isiganeko ebalulekileyo ukuvulwa lesilicon khabhayithi - ngezimbiwa, hayi zifumaneka kwindalo. Ukudala alumina eyenziweyo ngo-1890 kwavusa kuphela ekuqaleni uphando kule ndawo. Ekupheleni kuka 1920 zokwenziwa aluminiyam oxide, Karbid Kremniya, garnet kunye elilukhuni zizinto abrasives ezinkulu mveliso.

Kodwa ke impumelelo eyayibhidisa ngo-1938. Ngoko ke kwaba lula ukuvelisa alumina iikhemikhali nyulu, nto leyo ngoko nangoko bafumana isicelo ngokubanzi sobunjineli ngoomatshini. Kungekudala kwacaca ukuba umxube zirconia kunye alumina ezilungele imisebenzi enzima nangokukrola amabakala yesinyithi nzima kakhulu. Eneneni ngumgubo ekhethekileyo esirhabaxa: oluyigcinayo kahle eliphezulu, kodwa zisezantsi. Namhlanje wesundu kwakhona ugcina zonke alumina zokwenziwa, ukulondoloza original isakhiwo webauxite microcrystalline kwezinto yokuqala. Ingakumbi ezahlukeneyo ukuze Cubitron ™ yadalwa, kwakunye abrasives ezisekelwe iseramikhi phantsi SolGel ™ kraca.

On "best friend wentombazana" i

diamond Natural - ilitye endala esirhabaxa. Yena zaye zasasazeka kakhulu-1930. UTom okulungileyo ngenxa yezizathu ezibini. Okokuqala, ngaphambi kokuba imiqulu yemveliso diamond yaba okungenamsebenzi kwaye nje ngokwenyama ayikwazanga awugubungele neemfuno ezikhulayo shishino. Okwesibini, ngokunxulumene akwaziqonda nokoyika kuza imfazwe, amazwe amaninzi waqala ngokungxamisekileyo sifuna iindlela ukuchophela Tungsten khabhayithi encediswa koomatshini. Le into isasetyenziswa nangoku ekuvelisweni umphakathi of armor- projectiles ihlaba.

Le ngxaki iye ezinge yobulukhuni umbandela lingonakali nje akazange athathe. Uphononongo olwenziwe yi-Jikelele zombane-1960, iye yabangela ukuba ukuvela iidayimani zokwenziwa. Ekugqibeleni uphando kule ndawo ekhokelela ukuvulwa ephuculweyo boron cc, FOR. Le ezimbaxa, ukuba lukhuni diamond, lisetyenziswa ekwenziweni kwezinye abrasives, ekubeni ukuba phantse ukusilwa eluthulini grade ngentsimbi nzima.

Kakade ke, zonke ezi abrasives, ukongezelela zonke iipropati yayo, yiba ethile omnye ezinkulu - iindleko. A ngaphandle ezisanda esirhabaxa Abral, kuhlelwe inkxalabo yaseYurophu Pechiney. Le nkampani iye iphuhlise uhlobo "endaweni diamond", leyo, encinane obuphantsi kwabo yokuqaqadeka ogqiba kakhulu kwixabiso.

Kodwa hayi kuphela kushishino abrasives baye bafudukela phambili. izinto Great ukubaluleka zasetyenziswa njengesiseko isicelo sabo. Ngokukodwa, xa wadalwa Bakelite, ithuba lokuvelisa ukukhanya ngakumbi, kodwa amavili lokugaya ixesha elide. Bona usile ngokulinganayo kunye abrasives asasazwa ngcono umthamo lwabo lwangaphakathi. Inika umgangatho kakhulu ngcono nokwenziwa kwezinto ezinomsebenzi.

elilukhuni ingubo

Elilukhuni ngelaphu Zisebenziselwa isiseko, amalaphu iisoyi kunye zendalo, iifilimu, kwaye nkqu iphepha elingenanto, iifayibha ilaphu-lwesamente. Kwezinye iimeko, i "nazhdachku" lalungiselela ukumithisa isisombululo esekelwe nentlaka izakhi okanye amanzi (kongezwe abrasives, kunjalo) ilaphu. Kananjalo zingafumaneka isiponji esirhabaxa. izixhobo ezinjalo zaziwa phantse wonke ngokubanzi, sijongene nawo rhoqo kunye yonke imihla.

Siye akuchaze izicelo ezininzi yezi zinto. Kodwa, inyaniso kukuba uninzi lwabo musa ukujamelana umntu avareji ezitalatweni zonke ebomini babo. Ngokomzekelo, abantu abaninzi bayazi malunga amatye elizilolayo, izinti okanye sandpaper efanayo, umntu kusetyenziswa umnatha esirhabaxa. Kodwa bambalwa kakhulu abantu bazi iintlobo ezithile kwezinto ezisetyenziswa, umzekelo, iibheringi abenzi izigalo. ezikumgangatho ophezulu okanye amabakala zentsimbi superhard. Le yokugqibela, ngokuzenzekelayo, ikhaya ukuze balole phantse ibingakholeleki. "Yokulola" kuba kufuneka ezizodwa kakhulu.

Kuba abathile imisebenzi isebenze omnye okanye omnye esirhabaxa?

Kuba iimfuno ezithile ezifunekayo superabrasive, leyo sele ngokufutshane zikhankanywe ngasentla. Kananjalo thaca ngohlobo zezintsu elilukhuni, iibhrashi esirhabaxa, adume ngazo kunye izangqa. Ngoko ke, abenzi yentsimbi ezi alumina kunye lesilicon khabhayithi ekuvelisweni iincakuba imigangatho-grade. imveliso Mass zisoloko ifuna usebenziso ebanzi koomatshini sandblasting: insimbi, iibheringi ibhola ukukhulula nokulungiswa abaninzi ingakumbi oluqinile. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, abavelisi uhlale unyanisekile alumina "yangaphambili". Le ngumgubo esirhabaxa kungabizi, kodwa lusebenza kakhulu.

Ekupheleni

Abrasives, ukudlala ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo indima ekuvelisweni phantse zonke izinto abantu nazo yonke imihla. Ingakumbi, ngaphandle kwabo kungenakwenzeka ukuba ukudala izakhiwo ze -aluminiyam steel, ezo zithandwa kakhulu abalandeli iimveliso "apile". Musa ukulibala ukuba elula besila etyeni "ziyeke 'okanye i sandpaper eqhelekileyo - isiqhamo izizukulwana ezininzi izazinzulu kunye namagcisa ndawonye nokuqokelela ulwazi lwabo kule minyaka.

Iinkampani ezivelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo abrasives, amavili besila kunye sandpaper, esebenzisa ulwazi yeengcingane, aba bakhoyo kumashishini ezininzi ezinxulumeneyo. Bona ekhokelwa yi-data afunyenwe ekufundeni iiseramikhi, ezisasazwa ngempela isicelo chemistry, physics kanye yokunyibilikisa isinyithi. Abrasives zisoloko luncedo - bona inkalo ephambili komjikelo mihla imveliso lwamashishini ezininzi.