Ukulungiswa kolawulo lwemoto. Ukugcinwa kunye nokulungiswa kolawulo

Ukuhamba kwemoto kukudibanisa iiyunithi kunye neenkqubo ezilungiselelwe ukubonelela ukuhamba kwesithuthi kwelinye icala. Kunzima ukugqithisa ukubaluleka kokugcinwa nokulungiswa kolawulo lokukhusela njengomnini wemoto okanye abagibeli bayo, kunye nabo bonke abanye abathathi-nxaxheba kwintsebenzo. Ngoko ke, iinjongo ezininzi ezifanelekileyo zifakwe kule nkqubo. Yaye inkqubo yokulungisa okanye yokulungisa ngokwayo ilawulwa ngokuthe ngqo.

Iinkalo eziphambili zeendlela

Kwiimoto zanamhlanje, izixhobo zokuhamba zentlobo ezintathu eziphambili zifakwe:

• Iifomo. Bona, ngokwazo, bahlulwe kwiindidi zegumbane kunye neentlobo zegumbane.
• Ukugqithiswa (udidi okanye uhlobo lwepinion).
• Isikratshi, esinokuba sisixhobo sokuqhaqhazela okanye isilwanyana esikhonkco.
• Iimoto ezihamba ngevili ezihamba phambili zihlala zixhotyiswe ngesisombululo.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, kuxhomekeka kwindlela yohlobo lwenkqubo, ukulungiswa okuhambayo kwimeko nganye kunobunqabileyo, ubuqili kunye namaqondo. Ukuze uqonde zonke iinkalo zenkqubo enzima kwaye ichitha ixesha, kuyimfuneko ukuba ingabi nolwazi olunzulu lwengqondo, kodwa nolwazi olunamava oluthile, kunye ne-arsenal efunekayo yezixhobo kunye nezixhobo. Yingakho ukulungiswa kolawulo lokulawula imoto kukulungele ukunika iingcali ezifanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho imigaqo-jikelele, izilungiso kunye nezicwangciso ezisetyenziswe njengesiseko salolu hlobo lomsebenzi.

Oko kubandakanya

Iingcali ziyavuma ukuhlula i-system yolawulo ngokubanzi kwiingxenye ezintathu:

• Indlela yokuhamba, ixoxwa ngcaciso engentla;
• Drayivu, inokuthi ibe ngaphambili okanye ngasemva;
• Inkqubo yokukhulisa i-Drive (ayifumaneki kuwo onke amanqaku kunye neeklasi).

Ukongeza, i-trapezoidal drive ingaba yimizekelo emibini - ifakwe okanye ihlukaniswe. Uluhlu olunjalo lubangela ukugcinwa nokulungiswa kolawulo lokulawula imoto inkqubo eyinkqubo yobuchwepheshe.

Iimfuno eziphambili zenkqubo

Iimfuno eziphambili zokuqhuba imoto kunye nokujongana nokukhuseleko zilandelayo:

• Ukulungelelanisa i-kinematics yokujikeleza, ukuphelisa iimeko zokungena okanye ukuhamba;
• Ukulula kunye nokulula kolawulo;
• Ukubonelela ngeemfuno zamanqaku ezifunekayo;
• Amandla amakhulu kunye nobunzima beendawo kunye neengxenye;
• Ukulungelelaniswa kwamacandelo kunye nesikhokelo esincinci kumalungu.

Yonke le nto idinga indlela yokunyamekela, uqaphelisise inkqubo kunye nokubeka iliso rhoqo. Ngako oko, ukugcinwa nokulungiswa kolawulo ngokuqinisekileyo kufakwe kwiluhlu lwemisebenzi enyanzelekileyo kwi-TO-1 kunye ne-TO-2, kwakunye neklasi yokugcinwa kwexesha.

Iintlobo zesondlo

Ukugcinwa kweendlela kunye neeyunithi ezihambayo zenziwa ngendlela ehleliweyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwenkonzo, inani elithile lomsebenzi lenziwa. Iyakwamkelwa ukunika ezi ntlobo zoluhlu lwezinto ezikhuselekileyo nezokulungisa:

• Ukugcinwa kwansuku zonke;
• ТО-1;
• ТО-2;
• Inkqubo ekhuselekileyo yonyaka.

Umlinganiselo wemihla ngemihla

Kubonakala ngokucacileyo ukuba ukulungiswa kweenkqubo ze-KamAZ eziphambili zihluke kakhulu kumsebenzi ofanayo owenziwa kunye nenkqubo yanoma iyiphi nayiphi imoto. Kodwa ngokubhekiselele kwiinkqubo zemihla ngemihla, kubandakanya uluhlu lwamaqela olwenziwa ngokubanzi kwiimoto eziphantse kwiklasi. Olu luhlu lubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ulawulo lwe-wheeling ezamahala;
• Ukulawulwa kokubonakalayo kokuthenjwa kwezinto zokuzibophelela zendawo yokuhamba;
• Ukuvavanya ukusebenza kweemida zengxowankulu yokujikeleza;
• Hlola ubukhulu bezithuba kwiingqimba ze-booster hydraulic kunye neentonga zokuhamba;
• Ulawulo jikelele olusebenzayo lolawulo kunye ne-amplifier.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba yonke imjikelezo yemisebenzi ebhalwe apha ngasentla iyanconywa xa injini isebenza.

Ukugcinwa kokuqala

Ubunzima bemisebenzi yolondolozo nokulungiswa kwenkqubo yolawulo lwezimoto kwimeko ye-TO-1 ifaka ezinye izenzo ezongezelelweyo:

• Ukuhlolisisa imeko yokugada iinantambo kunye ne-pin ye-fasteners yee-bipods zokuhamba;
• Ukulawulwa kwemeko yeenqanawa zezikhonkwane ze-pivot, kunye neminwe yebhola;
• Ukubeka esweni ukuhamba kwamahhala ezinqabileyo;
• Ukuhlolisisa ukuqina kwamandla okulawula, ukulungiswa xa kukho ingxaki;
• Ukulawula kwinqanaba lobuchwephesha lobuchwephesha kwigunya lokulawula, ukuzaliswa kwalo okanye ukutshintshwa xa izinga liwela ngaphantsi kwezinga elibalulekileyo elibekwe ngumenzi.

Ukongezelela, ukuqiniswa kwamantongomane okugada, imeko yemiguqo, iipivots kunye nezinye izinto eziqiniweyo zihlolwe ngenyameko. Ukongeza kule nto, ngokugqithiseleyo, kunokuqhelekileyo, ukuhlola okubonakalayo kwimeko yeendawo, iindibano kunye nokuqiniswa kwenkqubo kuyenziwa.

Ukugcinwa kwesibini

Xa uqhuba u-TO-2, ulawulo lwesithuthi luphantsi kolawulo olunzulu. Ukongeza kwizenzo ezenziwa ngexesha le-TO-1, uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwee-TO-2, ngokukodwa, lubandakanya imisebenzi elandelayo:

• Ukulawula ukuchaneka kwexabiso leengalo zokufakelwa kwamavili alawulwayo kunye nokuhlengahlengiswa kwazo xa kutholakala ukuphambuka;
• Ukuhlolisisa ukukhawuleza kwe-crankcase yesondo lokuhamba, ikholam yokuhamba, i- wedges wedges, kunye nazo zonke izihlanganisi zeendawo kunye neendibano;
• Ukulawulwa kweenqwelo ze-propeller shaft ye-rudder, ii-hinges ze-traction kunye nama-pivots, iimpawu zezikhefu kwindlela yokulawula;
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-system ye-hydraulic booster system.

Imisebenzi ebandakanya ukulungisa ulawulo ngexesha lokugcina isondlo kunokukhusela ubuninzi bezinto ezinokubangela ukungasebenzi, ukungasebenzi kunye neengxaki zokuqhuba imoto, ukubonelela ngokuthintela. Ukuba, ngokuqinisekileyo, zaveliswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye zinomgangatho ofanelekileyo.

Ukugcinwa kwonyaka

Ukugcinwa kwexesha yinkqubo eyongezelelweyo evumela ukulawulwa ngempumelelo kwimeko kunye nokusebenza kolawulo. Ngethuba lokugcinwa kwexesha, njengomthetho, umlinganiselo ofanayo womsebenzi wenziwa njengendlela ye-TO-2 kwaye uncediswa ngumsebenzi ekutshintsheni iiblue kunye nezixhobo zamanzi ngokuhambelana nexesha.

Ngaloo ndlela, ukubeka esweni rhoqo nokuphunyezwa ngokukhawulezileyo kwimiqathango efunekayo yokulungiswa kwenkqubo yokulawula imoto ayivumeli kuphela ukuphucula kakhulu ukhuseleko lwayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kwenza kube lula ukukhusela ukulahleka okubonakalayo, kokubili kwezezimali kunye nexeshana. Njengoko uyazi, ukulungiswa kwe-MTZ, i-KamAZ, kunye nayiphi enye imoto, ngokukodwa namhlanje-iyabiza kakhulu. Ngokufanisa neyeza, ukugcinwa kwimeko nje xa eso sifo silula kwaye sincinci ukusixwayisa kunokuba siphathwe emva koko.

Ngoko, safumanisa indlela yokulungisa imoto.