Ukuhlelwa amazwe ngokwemigaqo yophuhliso loqoqosho ehlabathini, ngokwemiqathango labemi, yokuhlela geographical lwamazwe

karhulumente nganye eziliqela iimpawu ukuba abaphandi zingatshintshwa kusetyenziswa iimpawu ezithile. Uthelekiso analysis kuvumela ukwenza izigqibo malunga nophuhliso kunye nemeko yoqoqosho, inguqu, ngendawo. Ulwahlulo amazwe kuyafuneka ukuba ukujonga isiphumo ngasinye kuzo yindlela ihlabathi lonke. Exchange amava aya kumisela amandla kunye nobuthathaka wentlangano kwezoqoqosho nezentlalo ithi nokuphucula intsebenzo.

Amazwe nemimandla

definition noqoqosho lweli lizwe yahlukile ukuqonda kwabantu yomthetho okanye nokuqheleka ngayo.

Ulwahlulo lamazwe nako kuqwalaselwa neeyunithi ezifunda kumazwe eyaziwayo kwaye obuzukileyo akunjalo. iindawo ezinjalo ukuqhuba-nkqubo yezoqoqosho ezimeleyo ingqalelo kuphuhliso lwayo. Ngoko ke, ukuba zithathelwa ingqalelo xa ukuhlelwa amazwe ukuya kwinqanaba lophuhliso loqoqosho. Oku kusebenza ezinye kwisiqithi intsimi obesondliwa UK, eFransi, Netherlands. Ucalulo lamazwe sicinga iindawo ezifana neeyunithi ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho.

imibutho jikelele ngamazwe ukuqokelela nokuhlalutya iinkcukacha malunga kumazwe abo inxaxheba. Ziquka phantse onke amazwe ehlabathi.

ngezigaba isimiso

Ekubeni ulwahlulohlulo ihlabathi kwenziwa imibutho ezinkulu ngamazwe (UN, IMF, Bank yeHlabathi njalo njalo. D.), Inkqubo yokufunyanwa data ixhaphakileyo eyenzelwe izilangazelelo kwezi komiti. Emephini icaciswe apha ngezantsi:

- oluhlaza - lilizwe eziphuhlileyo ngokwezoqoqosho;

- yellow - kwinqanaba eliphakathi karhulumente;

- red - elilizwe wesithathu.

I-World Bank iqokelele ingcaciso kwinqanaba uqoqosho kazwelonke. Ngelo xesha, i-UN utsalela ingqalelo imeko kwawo ngokwedemografi kunye nezentlalo noqoqosho.

Iinzululwazi ichonge iintlobo ezisisiseko yokuqokelelwa kwedatha kunye nokulungiswa, ebandakanya ukuhlelwa amazwe.

Ngokutsho uhlobo inkqubo yentlalo nezoqoqosho yayikhona Ukuhlelwa ukuba yahlula ihlabathi ibe nkulu, yobusoshiyali kunye namazwe asakhulayo.

Inqanaba yophuhliso lizwe zihlelwa njengoko iqulunqwe nokuphuhlisa.

Ukuhlelwa Geographical lamazwe ithathela ingqalelo ubungakanani kunye nendawo lizwe kwimaphu yehlabathi. Kwakhona kuthathelwa ingqalelo ubungakanani kunye nolwakhiwo labemi, imithombo yendalo.

yokwahlukanisa Geographical

Ukuchongwa nokuhlolwa elo lizwe kwimaphu yehlabathi kubaluleke kakhulu. Kule inokuba ekuqaleni ukuvelisa ezinye ukuhlelwa. Indawo lizwe kwimaphu yehlabathi nayo ilinganiselwe. Emva kokuba unit lwendawo echazwe inokuguqulwa. Ke zonke iinguqu kunye neemeko ezikhoyo inokuyichaphazela izigqibo kwi imeko kwilizwe elithile okanye ummandla.

Kukho amazwe kunye kwintsimi enkulu kakhulu (Russia, USA, Canada, India), kwaye kukho amancinane (Vatican, Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco). Ngokwendawo kwakhona ukwabelana nabo nangaphandle ukufikelela elwandle. Kukho amazwe elizwekazi siqithi.

Indibaniselwano yezi meko badla ukufumanisa imeko yentlalo noqoqosho, nto leyo ebonisa ukuhlelwa amazwe.

Ulwahlulo sabantu

Ukwakha indlela nkqubo kubalulekile ukuba uthathe ingqalelo ukuhlelwa kumazwe ngokubhekiselele kubemi. Oku kuquka uhlalutyo ubuninzi nobulunga le meko yezibalo.

Ngokwalo mbono, onke amazwe zahlulwe amazwe kunye nabantu elikhulu, abaphakathi nabancinane. Kwaye ukuze enze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo malunga nale index, kubalwa inani labantu kwibakala le-unit indawo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukuqikelela ukwanda kwabantu.

Abemi ngazo malunga nokukhula kwayo. Thelekisa wenzala kunye nokufa. Ukuba ukukhula kwamanani oluntu yi-HIV, oko kubonisa elingaphaya nokuzala phezu ukufa, kunye vice versa. Namhlanje, ukukhula wazibona kwamanye amazwe aseAfrika Indiya, USA, UK kunye. Ukuhla kwenani labemi - eMpuma Yurophu, iRashiya, i-United Arab.

Ukuhlelwa amazwe ngokwemigaqo yabantu sakhiwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo kubume yezibalo. Isabelo yokusebenza-ubudala, abantu abafundileyo, ngokunjalo ubuzwe kubalulekile ukuba uhlalutyo.

Ucalulo of Economic Development

Ulwahlulo ixhaphakileyo esetyenziswa yimibutho kunye namaziko ophando ehlabathini lonke abaninzi, senziwa sisiseko sophuhliso loqoqosho.

Ukuqulunqwa kwale typology wenziwa ngokusekelwe iminyaka yophando. Oku rhoqo ngokutsha kwaye ziphuculwe.

Zonke States behlabathi, ngokwale ndlela zingahlulwa zibe kwindawo aphezulu, aphakathi kunye luyalambatha ngokwezoqoqosho. Yeyona ndlela yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Ukuhlelwa amazwe ngokwemigaqo yophuhliso akuthethi ithathele ingqalelo isithuba-yali kunye namazwe yobusoshiyali.

Ngenxa ye typology lemibutho ngamazwe ukwenza izigqibo malunga ngokufaneleka uncedo lwezimali kumazwe ngokwaneleyo.

Kwimeko nganye kwezi maqela zingahlukaniswa iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela yayo.

Ukukhokela amazwe kwezoqoqosho

Ukuze iqela kumazwe aphuhlileyo ziquka i-US, eKhanada, Western Yurophu, uMzantsi Afrika, i-Commonwealth ka-Australia, New Zealand. La mazwe babe kumgangatho ophezulu uphuhliso loqoqosho kunye nempembelelo ebalulekileyo imeko yezopolitiko ehlabathini. indima yabo ubudlelwane zorhwebo jikelele umlinganiswa lubalaseleyo.

Ucalulo lamazwe ngokubhekiselele kuphuhliso loqoqosho umahluko phakathi kweli qela lamazwe njengoko abanini owodwa lwenzululwazi nobugcisa.

Enefuthe elimandla kuqoqosho lwehlabathi na ilizwe nkulu kakhulu, abathandathu kubo bangamalungu "Big Seven". Oku Canada, USA, UK, Jamani, Japan, eFransi, Italy. Ngaba lunye enkulu kuqoqosho lwehlabathi kakhulu amazwe asakhulayo ezincinane (Austria, Netherlands, eSwitzerland, Norway, Denmark njalo njalo. D.).

Uhlelo Socio-economic lwamazwe kwiqela phantsi ingqalelo sokunikela eyahlukileyo iqelana kwilizwe kunikwe kwakho ongxowankulu. It is South Africa, New Zealand, Sirayeli, Australia. Bonke bephela nifudula nwe eBritani. Ba kwezolimo kunye ekrwada ekuthatheni izifundo njengeziphambili kurhwebo lwehlabathi.

Abangaxhalabisiyo kuphuhliswa kwezoqoqosho lizwe

Ekulinganisweni lizwe ukuze uphuhliso lobudlelwane kwezoqoqosho, bodwa iqela ngokwembali kwaye zentlalo nezoqoqosho ezahlukeneyo ukusuka typology odlulileyo.

ithi ezinjalo akukho nto ingako, kodwa zingakotshwa zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezithile. Iqela lokuqala luquka amazwe, nokuphuhlisa ngokuzimeleyo bafikelela ngokungqinelana nenqanaba kwinkalo yolawulo. Umzekelo olothusayo lobuninzi kwimeko enjalo ingqalelo Ireland.

Ukuhlelwa amazwe ngokwemigaqo yophuhliso lwezoqoqosho ibalaselisa iqelana ilandelayo karhulumente abalahlekelwe impembelelo yawo yangaphambili kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Yo- emva kuphuhliso yayo ithi nkulu kakhulu. Ngokutsho yokuhlela lwezentlalo noqoqosho, le iqelana kuquka amazwe afana ne Greece, eSpeyin, Portugal.

amazwe asakhulayo

Eli qela ke zininzi kwaye zahlukene. Oku kuquka amazwe kunye nenani kobunzima kwicandelo lobudlelwane kwezoqoqosho, ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Abanalo ikhono kunye nezakhono. Ityala yangaphandle kula mazwe yeyona inkulu kakhulu. Bona babe nolwalamano ngamandla kwezoqoqosho.

Ukuhlelwa amazwe ekuphuhliseni kolu didi ikwaquka uRhulumente olwenziwa kuyo emfazweni okanye zobuzwe. Bona kakhulu abanezikhundla ephantsi kurhwebo lwehlabathi.

amazwe asakhulayo nikeza kwezinye States ikakhulu izinto ekrwada okanye iimveliso zezolimo. Kukho izinga eliphezulu lentswela-ngqesho nokunqongophala kwezibonelelo.

Eli qela libandakanya amazwe malunga 150. Ngoko ke, apha kukho iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela ezidinga ingqalelo ekhethekileyo.

Types of kumazwe asaphuhlayo

Ukuhlelwa amazwe kuphuhliso loqoqosho kwiqela okhula ichonga subgroups eziliqela.

Eyokuqala kwezi amazwe eziphambili (Brazil, India, Mexico). Bona zinganakho phakathi kwezinye lithi efanayo. Uqoqosho yabo obuziintlobo ezininzi kakhulu. La mazwe baye yabasebenzi enkulu, izinto ekrwada kunye nezibonelelo zoqoqosho.

ithi ekhulula Young ziquka amazwe 60. Abaninzi kubo angaphandle ioli. uqoqosho lwabo kusenzeka, kwaye ikamva imeko yakhe iya kuxhomekeka kuphela amandla awawafumana yezigqibo yezentlalo kunye noqoqosho. Inani ezinjalo ithi kwakukho Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, Libya, Brunei, Qatar.

Le kwama sesithathu capitalism aqolileyo kakhulu eli lizwe. Le meko apho ukongamela kuqoqosho kweemarike waqinisekiswa kuphela iminyaka embalwa edlulileyo.

Ucalulo yamazwe capitalism oqolileyo kakhulu

Xa kwama lwamazwe ngokuphathelele abaqolileyo ongxowankulu unikelwa inani ohlobo. Eyokuqala na uhlobo nokuhlaliswa karhulumente kunye nophuhliso yokuqala eyinkunzi oxhomekeke (Argentina, Uruguay). labantu wabo ngokufanelekileyo eliphezulu umgangatho wokuphila, esasenziwe wabulela ukuba uthotho iinguqulelo ezintsha.

Ulwahlulo bala mazwe sub-amaqela urhulumente yabela uphuhliso krupnoanklavnogo yongxowankulu. izitofu angaphandle kuqoqosho ngenxa ukuthunyelwa raw materials ephulule i zezimbiwa enkulu.

Le ilandelayo ichaza i zenyathi lizwe vneshneorientirovannogo uphuhliso olungenelelayo yongxowankulu. uqoqosho lwayo sijoliswe kwi kumazwe angaphandle kunye kufakwe import.

A umahluko kwakhona kuphuhliso lwelizwe yaye "abaqeshisi" imvume strany- uhlobo iiholide.

GDP and GNI

Kukho kudidi eqhelekileyo inqanaba GDP ngamnye. Zichaza imimandla engundoqo neuropathy. Central ukuquka kumazwe ayi-24, GDP iyonke kwimveliso kwihlabathi-55% ne-71% kwi-ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe zizonke.

Iqela ithi umgangatho GDP ngamnye lumalunga $ 27 500. kufuphi kwimiphetho lizwe abe nani efanayo in inani $ 8600. amazwe abasaphuhlayo ezinxulumene sikwi kude. GDP wabo $ kuphela 3,500, kwaye maxa wambi nkqu ngaphantsi.

economic lwamazwe ezisebenza neBhanki yeHlabathi isebenzisa GNI ngamnye. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukhethe iqela lamazwe ne izinga eliphezulu ingqalelo amazwe 56. Kwaye urhulumente, "ezinkulu asixhenxe", nangona zifakiwe kuyo, kodwa hayi kwindawo yokuqala.

I-avareji level of GNI abhalwe eRashiya, Belarus, China, kwaye kumazwe 102. Low GNI waphawula kumazwe kwaye sikwi kude. Ezi ziquka 33 ithi, kuquka Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan.

ngezigaba UN

IZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ibekele bucala izigidi ezingama-kumazwe 60, banayo amazinga aphezulu kwicandelo rhwebo, inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe, eyiyo imveliso. Umbutho sikwaqwalasela inqanaba kwamalungelo oluntu kunye nemigangatho zentlalo yabemi. GDP ngomntu ngamnye kula mazwe abemi kwama-25 000 $. Ngokutsho kwesi salathisi, naseRashiya uphakathi kumazwe aphuhlileyo. Noko ke, izalathisi esemgangathweni iinkqubo zoqoqosho nezentlalo musa ukuvumela ukuba siqwalasele Russian Federation, ngokoluvo UN, luphawu lwelizwe eseliphuhlile.

Onke amazwe post-yali yi ukuba iqumrhu inani lamazwe anoqoqosho akutshintsho. Amanye amazwe ezingaqukwanga kwi maqela mabini ezidlulileyo, uphakathi iZizwe eziManyeneyo kumazwe asakhasayo kunye ithile enoba kukancinane okanye, iingxaki kwinkalo yentlalo-qoqosho.

Ezi zinto kunye neempawu kukuvumela ukuba iqela le zikarhulumente iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela ezithile. Ulwahlulo lamazwe sisixhobo esisebenzayo Uhlahlelo lokuthelekisa, ngokusekelwe apho ukwazi ukwenza izicwangciso zokuphucula imo yawo elizayo.