Ukugcinwa yokhuseleko chemical. Iingozi on izinto iikhemikhali eziyingozi kunye neziphumo zazo

Kuyo nayiphi na ilizwe mihla kukho inani elikhulu ngokwaneleyo ezikhoyo kwemichiza ezahlukeneyo. Ukungaqiniseki iingozi phezu kwabo, ukusasazeka ngokukhawuleza komoya ezingcolisekileyo kufuna amanyathelo engxamisekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko loluntu.

Ukukhuselwa izinto eziyingozi

Ukugcinwa ukhuseleko chemical qha azezi ukusetyenziswa kwezi ndlela zilandelayo wokhuseleko:

1. Respirators, iimaski igesi, iisuti protective.
2. Ukuziqinisa.
3. kwimikhukhu.
4. Baphume abantu ukusuka kwindawo eyingozi.

Zonke ezi ndlela zingasetyenziswa kuphela, kodwa zinokudityaniswa kunye nabanye.

Ukuze eyenzeka iikhemikhali izinto eziyingozi akaqhotyoshelwanga kubanjiswa singalindelanga, ngobubele uthabathe amanyathelo ayimfuneko. Ezi ziquka:

• Operationalizing inkqubo elumkisa labemi.
• Esweni ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zokhuselo lobuqu wayekulungele yaye zigcinwe kwezinye iindawo.
• Ukulungiselela okhuseleko.
• Ukubekwa kwendawo ngobungxamo.
• Uphuhliso manyathelo isebenzayo ukukhusela uluntu kwiimeko ezithile.
• Ndiqhuba ulawulo uqeqesho kunye nemikhosi, leyo eyenzelwe ukuba kupheliswe iziphumo ngozi.

Kuphela icwangciswe ngobunono inyathelo xa kuthe ingozi inokuba ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabantu.

iimpawu zokhuselo chemical labantu

ukhuseleko Chemical - yinto iseti amanyathelo zenzelwe ukuphelisa okanye ubuncinane ukuba buthathaka iziphumo ezinobungozi zizinto ezinetyhefu (likaxakeka izinto iikhemikhali eziyingozi) inani labemi kunye nabasebenzi abasebenza lweshishini. Uninzi yonke imisebenzi kufuneka wenziwe kakuhle kwangaphambili, kwakunye ngokungxamisekileyo kwinkqubo yokunqanda imiphumo yale ngozi.

Iziganeko ukukhusela eekhemikhali olunabantu kunganxulunyaniswa engundoqo, oku kulandelayo:

1. Ukungqinwa ingozi kunye nokwaziswa labantu bakhe.
2. Kwacaciswa imeko kwindawo yengozi.
3. Ukuhambisana nemigaqo nemigangatho yokhuseleko kwemichiza kule ndawo ingcolisekile.
4. Ukubonelela uluntu kunye nabasebenzi bonke mayeza.
5. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, kuyimfuneko ukuba baphume abantu abavela kwiindawo yongcoliseko kunokwenzeka.
6. labantu Shelter kwi zokufihla intloko, ezinako ukukulumkisela ukukhusela nxamnye iikhemikhali eziyingozi.
7. ukusetyenziswa Emergency of antidotes kunye nezixhobo ukunyanga ulusu.

Xa kukho intlekele, ukuze ukuphumeza izenzo eziphathekayo ejika imeko kummandla wentlekele, wenziwe ukuhlola ubukho kwezinto ezinobungozi. Kwakhona sifunda uhlobo kunye nobungakanani nokukhululwa indlela apho umoya uthwala izinto eziyityhefu, njani intsimi enkulu ugqityiwe iziphumo ngozi.

Bonke abasebenzi inkampani wakhupha izixhobo zobuqu enyanzelekileyo. Le liquidators yale ngozi kufuneka unxibe isuti ukhuselo kwemichiza kunye isigqumathelo negesi.

izinto eziyingozi

uhlobo olunjalo beenkampani abo apho kukho ukugcinwa, inkqubo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinobungozi. Iingozi on izinto iikhemikhali eziyingozi kunokukhokelela nokosulela abantu okanye ukufa nokubhenca ukuya izinto eziyityhefu.

Ezi nkampani ziquka oku kulandelayo:

1. Iikhemikhali kunye petroleum izihluzi.
2. imboni Petrochemical.
3. izibonelelo zonyango Wastewater kunye namanzi apho kusetyenziswa chlorine.
4. ufakelo ifriji ukuba usebenzisa ammonia.
5. Warehouses apho zinambuzane zigcinwa.
6. Izithuthi ezithwele iimpahla iikhemikhali ezinobungozi.
7. zokulahla inkunkuma komphutha weekhemikhali.

Onke amashishini eziyingozi zingahlulwa ngokweendidi eziliqela ngokungqinelana iqondo ingozi:

• 1st - xa kuthe ngengozi kummandla ochaphazelekayo kwama-70 amawaka hits.
• 2 - ukususela-40 ukuya kuma-70 amawaka.
• 3rd - ngaphantsi kwama-40 amawaka.
• 4 - xa amathuba engozi akuthethi ukuya ngaphaya kwemida lweshishini.

Kwilizwe lethu kwezixhobo eziyingozi ezinjalo ngaphezu kwama-3 amawaka. Ekubeni iipropati ezininzi kangaka ulwazi Hov, uhlolo owandulelayo iziphumo kunokwenzeka, ubuchule ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokuchanekileyo ukuze athathe amanyathelo akhawulezileyo ukuphelisa ziingozi imeko engundoqo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko eekhemikhali yabantu senziwe kwelona nqanaba liphezulu.

ingozi chemical

Enjalo imeko kaxakeka idla ngokuba iinkqubo kophulwa yezityalo, umonakalo imibhobho kunye namatanki ezingoovimba yokugcina izithuthi ethwele izinto eziyingozi. Konke oku kunokukhokelela kokukhutshwa kweekhemikhali emoyeni, ekhokelela usulelo labantu kunye biosphere.

Ukuba meko iye yabangela ukuba ngxwelerha babantu, umonakalo omkhulu izinto, umonakalo omkhulu-bume, kusenokwenzeka sele ukuqinisekisa nje ingozi, kodwa le ntlekele-mveliso.

Nayo nayiphi na ingxaki sisityalo yemichiza amaninzi ekhatshwa udubulo kwaye nemililo. Ngenxa yoko, le nkqubo zizinto non-eziyityhefu senziwa similise yingozi kwaye yingozi kwimpilo yabantu.

Izinto ezibangela le ngozi kwiziko imichiza

Esinye sezizathu eziphambili ezibangela nandzu ezifumaneka ziingozi, zezi zilandelayo:

1. Ukwehla kwezixhobo imveliso okanye ukulungiswa ezingonelanga kunye namahlwempu umgangatho kunye nolondolozo.
2. Iikhosi iinkqubo ezaphukileyo imveliso okanye imveliso.
3. operation izixhobo ngendlela engafanelekanga.
4. Ukugcinwa kwezinto ezinobungozi uya kuba waphula umthetho imithetho nemimiselo.
5. Musa ukusebenza kwinkqubo yokhuseleko kwi kwishishini.
6. Iimpazamo ezaye zenziwa ngexesha lokwakha kunye noyilo izinto.
7. Ukophulwa yokuziphatha emsebenzini.
8. Kudlulwe imimiselo lokugcina kwezinto ezinobungozi.
9. iintlekele zemvelo.
10. umthetho wogrogriso.

Xa sihlalutya oonobangela yengozi, kunokuthiwa ukuba ibaluleke lidlala into zabantu. Amaxesha amaninzi yokungakhathali zethu kukhokelela nemiphumo eyingozi.

kufuneka kwenziwe ngendlela eyiyo ngendlela ngexesha kungakhathaliseki uhlobo ingozi ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko imichiza. Intlekele zihlelwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Private. Imiphumela kukugubungela ivenkile omnye kuphela, okanye ufakelo.
• I alarm into. Iquka inkampani enye kuphela nangaphaya oko akuthethi uphume.
• Local. Iziphumo ezichaphazela isixeko lonke okanye ummandla.
• Regional - kugubungela imimandla eliqela.
• ingozi Global akubandakanyi kuphela imimandla yelo lizwe, kodwa kuphuma nangaphaya.

izinto ezichaphazela

Xa kukho ukukhululwa likaxakeka kwezinto ezinobungozi ifu zaseprayimari ezosulelekileyo equka amathontsi njesitsitsi bayakwazi ukuba bahlale emhlabeni ze singcolise ngayo.

Ukuba isitya ezonakeleyo ukwenzela ukugcinwa okanye ukuthutha, izinto ezinobungozi ezilusali; baqalise aphele kwaye enze ilifu usulelo eziziisekondari.

Ezi namafu iipropati ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ilifu ephambili ingahlakazeki izenzo olunye kuphela ngalo mzuzu yokwaluka wayo; kodwa iqulathe enamanani amakhulu kwezinto ezinobungozi. ilifu Secondary noxa kukho imali encinane Hov, kodwa isiphumo yayo yenziwa logama nje ukuba kwenzeka ngokupheleleyo kwamanzi okanye kwintshabalalo.

It has njengoko ezibonisa ezingundoqo ezininzi ngexesha nayiphi na ingozi imichiza. Engundoqo - uyekelelo kwezinto ezinobungozi, kwaye ezongezelelweyo sele ziquka imililo, kuqhuma, enokuthi kuhambisane yingozi.

Ngexesha likaxakeka yale uhlobo ngokuyimfuneko wenziwe radiation kunye nokhuselo lwemichiza labemi, ngenxa yokuba lo mbandela mkhulu umonakalo isisifo sokosuleleka zomaleko asezantsi umoya, umhlaba, amanzi, nto leyo ekhokelela ngokoyiswa abantu kunye nezinye izidalwa eziphilayo. Ukucaca kuxhomekeke kubukhulu zone ungcoliseko.

cinga nje ezi nkalo zintathu:

• Olubulalayo.
• Toksodozy, engathethekiyo.
• umbundu Toksodozy.

Ngokuba izinto ezongezelelweyo umonakalo ziquka:

• Le okubulala.
• Imisebe.
• Ekubulaleni amaqhekeza.
• Isenzo izinto eziyityhefu leyo ziveliswa kukuninzi ngexesha Hov yokutsha.

imiphumela

Kanjalo iingozi imichiza lweshishini yingozi ayilwamkeli ngaphandle kokushiya, azafunyanelwa ndawo. Kubalulekile ke ngoko inkqubo karhulumente obalulekileyo ukhuseleko loluntu. Ineziphumo kuza emva likaxakeka, zingahlulwa ngokweendidi ezimbini: ngqo (zibonakala kanye) kunye ixesha elide.

Imiphumo nangoko - is:

• Ekubulaleni lokufa kwabantu kunye nezilwanyana.
• ubuthi Severe.
• Amanxeba, nokutsha.
• abagula ngengqondo ukuba abonise emva kokuba sesichengeni imichiza.
• iimveliso Ityhefu yokutsha olunamandla.
• umonakalo eziphathekayo, nto leyo ebangela buso okanye ngokupheleleyo ukutshatyalaliswa bezinto.
• ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo okubeka Intlekele lokusingqongileyo.

Imiphumo inokuba kakhulu kangangokuba ukuba nkqu wamhlangula ukhuselo, loo isuti protective L-1. Ukuba uthe wambatha emva kwengozi, unako zingalahleka elo xesha ezixabisekileyo, kunye nabantu uya kufumana inxalenye izinto eziyityhefu.

Ukwahlukanisa kweekhemikhali

Ngemichiza yenyukliya kunokwenzeka zizinto ezahlukahlukeneyo, bonke izinga enye efanayo - ibe yityhefu emzimbeni womntu. The degree of olu phawu ezahlukeneyo izinto ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuxhomekeka oku, ngokubonelela 4 iiklasi ubungozi kweekhemikhali:

1. Kukhulu yingozi.
2. Kakhulu yingozi.
3. Ngokulinganisela enobungozi.
4. ingozi Low.

Nayiphi na into unokuba kuchaphazela emzimbeni womntu non-uniform amanyathelo. Nakuba kunjalo, njengoko lo iphambili kusetyenziswa lowo esa eziyityhefu oyingozi futhi kuba bengaphumelelanga.

Ngu uhlobo ifuthe izinto iikhemikhali eziyingozi lungohlulwa lube:

• Asphyxiating izinto. Ezi ziquka chlorine, phosgene.
• Obscheyadovitye. Common unobangela ukunxila. Ezi ziquka carbon monoxide.
• Kwangaxeshanye obscheyadovitoe nefuthe ubhobhoyi kukuthi, umzekelo, kwenitrojeni, hydrogen fluoride, sulphur dioxide.
• Neurotropic kunye nefuthe ubhobhoyi, ezifana nokunikela ammonia.
• Umzimba izinto eziyityhefu ezifana ethylene oxide.
• Izinto aphula iinkqubo pathways emzimbeni.

izinto ezo ngokuqhelekileyo isoloko ifumaneka ngobuninzi kushishino kwemichiza le. Umzekelo, ukusebenza kwimveliso yezityalo acid nitric kufuneka kungafuneka unxibe isuti olukhuselayo L-1. izixhobo Personal ngohlobo iiglavu, imiwundu, respirators, iimaski nkqu emsebenzini.

amachiza ezithile

Ukukhuselwa yabantu na ityhefu kwemichiza - yeyona njongo iphambili yobunkokheli. Ukubaluleka nokungxamiseka la manyathelo sichazwe yi kukuba ukongeza yokudla lwenkqubo zizinto ezinetyhefu kunokubangela imingcipheko zilandelayo:

1. Embryotropic. Oku kunefuthe elibi ukuyilwa amalungu angaphakathi umbungu, nto leyo igcwele imbonakalo malformations iziphene kunye ukungaqheleki zophuhliso. Kungenxa yale nto, umfazi okhulelweyo kufuneka kugqithiselwa kamsinya kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwenye operation ekhuselekileyo. Le meko apho iisuti yokhuseleko nokuba imichiza akuyi kunceda.
2. Ibangele. imichiza kunokonyusa umsebenzi iiseli umhlaza, nto leyo ekhokelela kuphuhliso somhlaza. Konke oku kuxhomekeke kwixesha ukusebenza kumsebenzi eziyingozi, ngesidanga sesichengeni imichiza. Ingozi ezi Hov sikuko yokuba neziphumo zazo ukuze kungalindiswa iminyaka eliqela.
3. Enetyefu. Ukumqumbisa zofuzo, okwandisa ingozi yokuba nomhlaza. Ukuba kukho imizila iiseli yintsholongwane, oku kukhokelela ngokuzalwa kwabantwana abanala makhwiniba kuphuhliso okanye ube sengozini.
4. ukusebenza Immunopathogenicity. Ebonakalisa ngokucuthwa kumajoni omzimba womntu. Soloko ilandelwa lutshintsho lwemithetho neengxaki zokuphefumla.
5. umngcipheko enzala ezinxulumene nempilo othile okuzala.
6. izifo umzimba. It kuntlitheka kwiinkqubo pathways emzimbeni.
7. Allergenic. iikhemikhali ezininzi ziya kuqalisa impembelelo yabo embi ukuya ngokubonakala negazi lakho. Oku kunokuba exacerbation besi sifo okanye dermatitis.

Njengoko ubona kulo luhlu ke, izinto eziyityhefu kunokuba neziphumo kakhulu kwaye iyingozi, ngoko ke ukukhusela yabantu ezingozini weekhemikhali kufuneka kwenziwe ngendlela eyiyo ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuziphatha yabantu phambi kokuba ingozi, ngexesha nasemva

Ukuba abantu abahlala kufutshane izibonelelo imichiza, ukuba kufuneka ulumkele yintoni le lweshishini yingozi, yaye ngawaphi amanyathelo ekufuneka athathwe ngexesha likaxakeka. Ukugcinwa ukhuseleko lwemichiza labemi kuya kuquka kuluhlu nokuthintela, zokufikelela.

Abantu kufuneka akwazi ukuzikhusela ngokwabo ukususela ekusulelekeni kunokwenzeka. Advance kufuneka ilungiswe ukhuseleko lobuqu. Kufuneka lugcinwe kwindawo efikelelekayo ukuba bakwazi ukuxhamla kubo xa alarms kuqala.

Ngexesha le ngozi yenzeke tufwile labemi ngokusebenzisa siren okanye beep elide. Abantu kufuneka igcwaliswe ngaphambile-baziswe oko kuthethwa zezi zimpawu.

abasebenzi inkampani ukwenza umsebenzi wabo izixhobo zokuzikhusela zobuqu. Ukuba inkqubo singamiswa, ngoko ukusebenza phantsi kwe ukhuseleko.

Inani labemi ungenza ezi zincomo zilandelayo malunga nokuziphatha kwenzeka emva kokufumana uphawu alarm:

1. Ukuba TV okanye irediyo Civil yoKhuselo Ikomkhulu yazisa ngeziganeko ngoku, kuyimfuneko ukwenza yonke zezincomo zayo.
2. Nxiba izixhobo zokhuselo.
3. Thatha babalekele ukhuseleko ekufutshane.
4. Ukuba unikwa umyalelo ukuba aphume, zama i windows kakuhle etywiniweyo kunye neengcango. Uyakwazi isebe ukuxhoma iingubo zabo.
5. Vavanyo ukuba ucetyiswe ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo, uhle uye kwelikhaya, kuyimfuneko lokuqhawula zonke izixhobo zombane, cima irhasi, athathe onke amaxwebhu zabo, izinto eziyimfuneko. Musa ukuphuma uye esitratweni ngaphandle kuqala ukubeka kwi isigqumathelo igesi, baphefumla okanye umhlabelo cotton-igozi.

Ukuba nithe nagaxeleka ezilingweni ilifu nangoko amachiza, kuyimfuneko ukuba ndihlambe, yaye zonke izinto eyosulelekileyo ukuze ulahle kude. Zama ukusebenzisa amanzi avela kwimithombo yendalo, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno ngqo ukusuka egadini.

Xa eqala ukusola ityhefu kufuneka asele ulwelo kangangoko kunokwenzeka bafune unyango olungxamisekileyo.

Nawuphi na ingozi-mveliso imichiza kulula ukunqanda kunokuba ukuchitha imali eninzi imali ukuphelisa neziphumo zawo. Kwiziko ngalinye eyingozi kufuneka ziyilwe amanyathelo ukunciphisa ngokuphindwe eziliqela amathuba ingozi. Kumashishini ezinjalo kufuneka wenziwe ulawulo olungqongqo phezu yonke inkqubo, ukuthobela imithetho kunye nezithethe kugcino, processing kunye nokuthuthwa kwezinto ezinobungozi.