"Ukufa kwePompeii" (umfanekiso). Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky

"Ukufa kwePompeii" kunokuthiwa enye yezinto ezibonakalayo ezincinci zikaIvan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky. Umcimbi wembali, intlekele yeso sixeko sasendulo, yaphefumlela umdwebi ukuba afike kwisiqephu ngeengcinga ezintsha.

Umculi

U-Ivan Aivazovsky, okanye uHovhannes Ayvazyan, wayenguye omnye wabavakalisi abadumileyo baseYurophu. Uthando lwakhe luyakuthandwa kwaye luyakuthandwa kuwo wonke umhlaba. ImiSebenzi iboniswe kwiiyunivesithi ezidumiweyo "Sotheby's" kunye "Christies" kwizigidi zeebritish zasepritish.

Wazalelwa ngo-1817, u-Ivan Konstantinovich waphila iminyaka engamashumi asibhozo anesithathu waza wafa ngokufihlalisa ephupheni.

UHovhannes wazalelwa kwintsapho yamazwe aseArmenia esuka eGalicia. Umculi odumileyo wabukhumbula kamva ukuba uyise wayeseqaqa kwiingcambu zakhe waza wazama ukubiza igama lakhe ngendlela yasePoland. U-Ivan wayeziqhayisa ngomzali wakhe owazileyo, owazi ulwimi ezininzi.

Ukususela ekuzalweni kwakhe, uAivazovsky wayehlala eFoodosia. Izakhono zakhe zobugcisa zakuqala zaqaphela umakhi uJakoch Koch. Nguye owaqala ukufundisa u-Ivan ukudweba.

I-dolophu yaseSevastopol, ebone isipho sekosi ezayo, nayo yathatha inxaxheba ekubeni ngumculi. Ithenda elincinane, ngenxa yemigudu yentloko yesixeko, ithunyelwe ukufundisisa mahala kwiSt. Petersburg. Njengamanye amaninzi abadumi beRussia, uAivazovsky wayevela kwi-Art Academy. Kwakukhokelela kakhulu ekukhethweni kweklasi yokudweba olwandle.

Isitayela

I-Art Academy yaseSt. Petersburg yanceda ukuloba uhlobo lweAivazovsky, ngenxa yezifundo zakhe noJohn Gross, uFilian Tanner, u-Alexander Sauerweide.

Ukudweba "Uxolo", u-Ivan Konstantinovich ngo-1837 ufumana indondo yegolide kunye nelungelo lokuya eYurophu.

Emva koko, uAivazovsky ubuyela eCrimea, ekhaya. Wayebhalela khona ulwandle iminyaka engama-2, kwaye unceda umkhosi ekulwa neentshaba. Enye yemifanekiso yakhe yeso sithuba yathengwa nguMbusi uNolas wokuqala.

Emva kokubuyela kwakhe eSt. Petersburg wanikezelwa kwisihloko sodumo. Ukongeza, ufumana abahlobo abakhulu njengoKarl Bryullov kunye nomqambi uMikhail Glinka.

Ukuhlaselwa

Ukususela ngo-1840 uhambo lwe-Aivazovsky e-Italy luqala. Endleleni eya kwikomkhulu, u-Ivan nomhlobo wakhe uVasily Sternberg baya eVenice. Apho baqhelana nomnye ummeli waseRussia uGogol. Umculi uAivazovsky, ozobe eyaziwa kwiRashiya yaseRashiya, watyelela iidolophu ezininzi zaseTaliyane, watyelela eFlorence, eRoma. Wahlala ixesha elide eSerrento.

Kwiinyanga ezininzi u-Aivazovsky wahlala nomntakwabo, owaba ngumonki, kwisiqithi sase-Saint Lazarus. Wayephinda ethetha nomlobi waseNgesi uGeorge Byron.

Umsebenzi "I-Chaos" wathengwa kuye nguPapa uGregory weshumi elinesibhozo. Abagxeki babethandana noAivazovsky, kunye neParis Art Academy baze bamnika ingcamango.

Ngowe-1842, umdwebi washiya iItali. Emva kokuhamba eSwitzerland kunye neRhin, uya eHolland, kamva e-UK. Endleleni ebuyela, u tyelela eParis, eSpeyin nasePortugal. Iminyaka emine kamva ubuyela eRashiya.

UAivazovsky, owayehlala eSt. Petersburg, waba nguprofesa ozukileyo we-Academy yesi sixeko, kunye neParis, iRoma, iStuttgart, i-Florence kunye ne-Amsterdam. Waqhubeka ekupenda upendelo olwandle. Kwi-akhawunti yakhe ngaphezu kwama-6,000 landscapes.

Ukususela ngo-1845 wayehlala eFoodsia, apho wasungula isikolo sakhe, wancedisa ukwakha igalari, waqalisa ukwakhiwa komzila. Emva kokufa, isitya esingagqitywanga "Ukuqhutyelwa kweSitishi yaseTurkey" kwasala.

Imibala Eyaziwayo

Imifanekiso uAivazovsky yayithandwa ngokunyanisekileyo ngabameli bezo zonke iiklasi zaseMbusweni waseRashiya, kwaye kamva iSoviet Union. Phantse kuzo zonke iintsapho zanamhlanje, ekhaya kukho ubuncinane ukuveliswa kwe-Ivan Konstantinovich.

Igama lakhe sele libe ngumqondiso wendlela esemgangathweni phakathi kwabadwebi bamanzi. Eyona nto ibonakalayo yile mi sebenzi yomculi:

• I-Ninth Wave.
• "I-Pushkin Yaya KuLwandle", eyabhala kunye noRipin.
• Rainbow.
• "U-Moonlit Night kwiBosphorus."
• Phakathi kobugcisa bokuthi uAivazovsky wabhala, "Ukufa kukaPompeii."
• "Jonga iConstantinople kunye neBosphorus."
• ULwandle oluMnyama.

Le miboniso ibonakala nakwiitampu zokuposa. Baye bakopishwa, bahlotshiswe ngomnqamlezo kwaye baphelele.

Ukudideka

Ngokuthakazelisayo, abaninzi banokudibanisa "ukufa kukaPompeii." Umfanekiso, owubhalayo, akazi yonke into, ayinanto enxulumene ne-Brivlov'svasvas. Umsebenzi wakhe ubizwa ngokuba ngu "Usuku lokugqibela lwePompeii."

UKarl Pavlovich wabhala ngo-1833. Ibonisa abantu basendulo bebaleka kwi-volcano. Abemi baseBryullov basePompeii baxinyiwe kwisixeko ngokwawo. "Ukufa kwePompeii," inkcazo yomdwebo ihluke kakhulu, ihambisa ingcamango ehluke ngokupheleleyo.

I-landscape ye-Aivazovsky yabhalwa ngo-1889, emva kwexesha elidlulileyo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba, njengomhlobo waseBroullov, umdwebi oselwandle unokuphefumlelwa ngumxholo ofanayo okhethwe yintlekele yexesha elidala.

Imbali yomzobo

Umsebenzi ogqithisileyo ongu-Aivazovsky uthi "Ukufa kwePompeii." Umfanekiso wenziwa ngowe-1889. Njengesizathu, wathatha ibali kwimbali. Yintoni eyenzekayo kwisixeko, isabonwa njengenye yeentlekele zemvelo ezinkulu kwihlabathi. IPompeii, eyayiyindawo yokuhlala yamandulo yasendulo, yayisondele kufuphi neNaples, kufuphi ne-volcano esebenzayo. Ngo-79, ukuqhuma kwaluqala, okwathatha amakhulu empilo. Inkcazo yepeyinti yeAivazovsky inceda ukuhambisa zonke ezi ziganeko.

Ukuba uBroulullov wabonisa kwinqanawa yakhe into yokuba loo mzi ngokwawo kunye nabantu bangaphakathi babonakala ngathi, ngoko uAivazovsky wagxininisa elwandle.

"Ukufa kwePompeii." Umfanekiso: ngubani obhala oko kwaye wayefuna ukuthetha

Ukuba u-seascape, u-Ivan Konstantinovich wagxininise ekutshintsheni isakhiwo ngaphandle kwesi sixeko. Imbali isixelele indlela ukufa kukaPompeii kuphelela ngayo. Umzobo uphethwe kwiitoni ezimnyama, ezifanekisela bonke ubomi bomntu obuncwatyelwe phantsi kocingo lwe-lava.

Umlinganiselo ophakathi kwinqanawa ulwandle, apho iinqanawa ziyahamba khona. Ngomgama ungabona umzi ukhanyiswa yi-lava. Ubhakabhaka bumnyama nomsi.

Nangona kukho konke okukrakra kwesi siganeko, u-Aivazovsky unika ithemba ngekamva elikhanyayo ngokubonisa iinqanawa ezigqithiselayo abantu abasindisiweyo.

U-Ivan Konstantinovich wayefuna ukubonakalisa ukuphelelwa lithemba kwabo babone ukufa kwePompeii. Umfanekiso awujoliswanga ebusweni babantu abafa. Nangona kunjalo, yonke intlekele kunye neyikrakra yelo meko ithetha njengokuba ulwandle olubomvu. Inqanawa ilawulwa ngumbala obomvu, imibala emnyama nephuzi.

Kwinqanaba elingaphakathi iinqanawa ezimbini ezinkulu ezilwa namaza olwandle. Ngomgama, abanye abaninzi babonwa ngokukhawuleza ukuba bashiye indawo yokufa, apho abemi bemizi, abafake umonakalo kwi-"vas Death of Pompeii ", bafa ngonaphakade.

Ukuba ukhangele ngokungakumbi, ngasentla, kumacangci omsi kukhona ukuqhuma kwentaba, okuvela kuyo ukuthelela kwiitempile zasendulo kunye neendlu zomlambo we-lava. UAivazovsky womeleza umphumo wobukho, wongezelela kulo mfanekiso amaninzi amanqaku omnyama othungelwano emanzini.

Jonga umfanekiso

"Ukufa kwePompeii" - umzobo odwetshwe ngemibala yeoli, kwinqwelo eqhelekileyo yokulinganisa i-128 nge-218 cm, igcinwa eRostov.

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuqokelela i-Rostov ye-Regional Museum of Arts Fine. Apha iindwendwe zifunyanwa imihla ngemihla ukusuka ngo-10.00 ukuya ku-6: 00. Imyuziyamu ivalwe kuphela ngeLwesibini. Idilesi: Pushkinskaya street, indlu 115.

Iindleko zetikiti eziqhelekileyo ngaphandle kweenzuzo ziya kuhlawula iindwendwe eziyi-100 iindwendwe. Abantwana abangahambi esikolweni baya kufuneka bahlawule iiruble ezili-10. Abafundi bangahlawula ithikithi yokungena yama-ruble angama-25. Abafundi bahlawula iiruble ezingama-50, kunye nabarhente abangama-ruble angama-60.

Kwiqoqo lemyuziyam kukho ezinye iindawo ezikhutshwa yiAivazovsky, ezinjenge- "uLwandle" no "Ubusuku Bokukhanya Kwenyanga". Nangona kunjalo, iparele yeqoqo "Ukufa kwePompeii". Inkcazo yomfanekiso inikeza ingcamango ecacileyo yokuba isimo esinobungozi sinokuba njani.