UKonstantin Ushinsky: ibhayografi emfutshane

Ushinsky uKonstantin Dmitrievich odumileyo ngokuyintloko njengoko umseki pedagogy Russian, yaye emva koko abe ngumbhali. Noko ke, umphefumlo lo mntu abanetalente nga elide, esi sifo wamthabatha onke amandla akhe, waba ungxamile ukusebenza kwaye wenze abanye kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngowe-1867 wabuyela ekhaya evela eYurophu, yaye kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, ngo-1871 (New Style), wafa, wayeneminyaka engama-47 kuphela ubudala.

ngokwenene uKonstantin Ushinsky wenza eRashiya kakhulu kunene. iphupha lakhe abanothando, ibhalwe kwidayari yakhe buqu ukususela ebutsheni, wayeza kuba luncedo iLizwe loobawo. akhuliswe eyiyo kunye nemfundo isizukulwana esitsha yaye ubomi bakhe kule ndoda.

UKonstantin Ushinsky: ibhayografi emfutshane

Kostya wazalelwa e Tula nge-19 Februwari 1823 usapho igosa lakomkhulu - igosa umhlala, ijoni War of 1812. Biography Ushinsky uKonstantin Dmitrievich ibonisa ukuba wachitha ebuntwaneni kwidolophu Novgorod-Seversky, ibekwe kwiphondo Chernigov, ekwilifa encinane ngabazali bakhe, apho uyise wathunyelwa ukusebenza abe ngumgwebi. Umama wakhe wafa ekuseni kakhulu, ngelo xesha wayeneminyaka engama-12 ubudala.

Emva kokuphumelela kwisikolo igrama yasekuhlaleni uConstantine waba umfundi yomthetho sokuzikhethela University eMoscow. Yena iziqu honors. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva waba obambeleyo unjingalwazi cameral Sciences Lyceum e Yaroslavl.

Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wakhe brilliant yaphazamiseka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu - ngo-1849. Ushinsky isebenzile for "iziphithiphithi" phakathi kwabafundi, oku negalelo iimbono zakhe eqhubela phambili.

Qala imisebenzi yokufundisa

UKonstantin Ushinsky Kwanyanzeleka ukuba asebenze kwi zithuba ngokwemimiselo encinane Ministry of Internal Affairs. imisebenzi yayo loo abanelisekanga kwaye nkqu Babengayicekisi (ngayo kwiidayari zakhe wabhala yena ngokwakhe).

Lentando omkhulu umbhali efunyenwe imisebenzi boncwadi kwiimagazini "Library for Ukufunda" yaye "Contemporary", awawabeka amanqaku zabo, iinguqulelo ezivela IsiNgesi ize iphonononge izinto epapashwe yangaphandle kumajelo eendaba.

Ngowe-1854, uKonstantin Ushinsky uqala ukusebenza njengomfundisi, ngoko umhloli le Gatchina sithebeni Institute, apho kuziveza ngokuba ngutitshala obalaseleyo, oyingcali iziseko yemfundo noqeqesho.

inkqubo

Phantsi kwimpembelelo intshukumo lwentlalo-zokufundisa kwi-1857-1858 biennium. Ushinsky ubhala kwi "Journal of Education" amanye amanqaku bakhe, baguqule ebomini bakhe, weza kuye kwaoko igunya nozuko.

Ngowe-1859 wamiselwa uMhloli of the Smolny Institute for Noble eziNtombini. Kweli ziko ezaziwayo-kakuhle, nto leyo ngokusondeleyo enxulumene ne losapho lobukumkani, ngelixa umoya eliqhuba yakucengacenga kunye servility. Lonke uqeqesho kwaqhutywa ngomoya yokuziphatha yobuKristu, ekugqibeleni wehla waya inculcation imikhuba wempangelo, unqulo yorhulumente tsarist kunye ubuncinane ulwazi lokwenene.

guqula

Ushinsky kanye wachitha nohlaziyo kwiziko nakuba kweelana ootitshala zinkuni, wavelisa icebo ezintsha zoqeqesho. Ngoku, isihloko eliyinhloko ulwimi Russian kunye noncwadi, kwakunye nenzululwazi yezobugqi. Xa izifundo zemvelo chemistry experiments wayebangenise, njengoko le migaqo yokufunda ebonwayo negalelo nokwenziwa ngcono kunye nokuqonda izihloko. Ngelo xesha, siye sacelwa ukuba ezona titshala - amaWisile kuluncwadi, geography, imbali, njalo njalo, kwaye Vodovozov VI, bake D. D., Semevskiy M. I ...

Isisombululo umdla yaba ukuqaliswa iminyaka emibini sesibili zabo zokufundisa phezu iiklasi ezisixhenxe ukulungiselela ngcono abafundi umsebenzi luncedo. Oku kubeka niye ukwenza umsebenzi zokufundiswa kwe kwiinkomfa kunye neentlanganiso ootitshala. Abafundi nabo banelungelo phezu eholideyini kunye iiholide kunye nabazali.

uyakholiswa kakhulu kwaba Zonke ezi ziganeko Constantine Ushinsky. Biography abantwana ziya kuba nomdla yokuba yayikukuba ukuba wabhala amabali amaninzi kangaka emangalisayo kunye namabali.

abantwana anthology

Ngelo xesha, ngowe-1861, oko wadalwa Ushinsky anthology "Abantwana LikaThixo" kwi ulwimi Russian kumabakala ezinesiqalelo sinezigaba ezibini, leyo kunye, kwaye nezinto zenzululwazi zendalo.

Ngowe-1860-1861 gg. ukuba izibandakanye ekuhleleni "Journal of-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weMfundo Public", ukutshintsha ngokupheleleyo ukuba inkqubo ingabangeli neyomileyo kwaye esenza sibe iphephancwadi yenzululwazi-zokufundisa.

Lonke ixesha lam luzinikele kulo mzekelo, uMnu Ushinsky uKonstantin Dmitrievich. biography emfutshane ibonisa ukuba umsebenzi wakhe bazisa oluninzi ngenzuzo kuluntu. Abhale kwaye ubeka kwiimagazini ngokwaneleyo kwinqaku mva. Kuba abanjalo umbhali Ngokuzithandela ayinakukwazi ukuhlawula. Iqale owayezingela asebenza bammangalela unreliability kwezopolitiko kunye ifilosofi.

Amava e-Europe

Ngowe-1862, waqhumisa ukusuka Smolny Institute. Kwaye ngoko ke urhulumente tsarist umthumelela p uhambo olude ukuya isifundo yaseYurophu yemfundo yabafazi. Ushinsky ubona olu hambo njengesalathisi.

Noko ke, sifika phandle, ukuhlola konke ngomdla omkhulu kwaye undwendwele inani amazwe aseYurophu. ESwitzerland, oko ngokukodwa ukufunda ngenyameko ekwenziweni kwemfundo yaseprayimari. kwizigqibo zabo kunye nentetho equkayo, Constantine Ushinsky i incwadi yokufunda eklasini "Native uLizwi" kunye manual noqeqesho kuyo. Emva koko ilungiselela imiqulu emibini "umntu njengesifundo wemfundo" kwaye uqokelele zonke izinto ukuya kweyesithathu.

Isifo nosizi

Kwiminyaka yakhe yokugqibela, uye wenza njenge nani yoluntu. Uye lapapasha amanqaku amaninzi malunga nezikolo ngeCawa kunye nezikolo abantwana amagcisa, naye wayelilungu yenkongolo zokufundisa eCrimea. Ngowe-1870 e Simferopol, wayetyelela izikolo eziliqela wadibana ngokuzithandela kunye nootitshala kunye nabafundi bazo.

Omnye wootitshala IP Derkachev wakhumbula ukuba ihlobo ka-1870 Ushinsky ukubuyela ekhaya ukusuka eCrimea ukuya kwilali Bogdanka Glukhovski County (kummandla Chernihiv) linqwenela ukuba babize umhlobo wakhe NA neCorfu Katerinoslavshchina, kodwa akaba nako ukuyenza loo nto. Esinye sezizathu kuye kuyabanda, yaye ngoko ke ukufa kabuhlungu unyana wakhe omdala, uPawulos. Emva koko Ushinsky wafudukela nentsapho yakhe yokuphila Kiev ne bathenga indlu kwi Tarasovskaya. Kwaye ngoko nangoko wathumela oonyana bakhe ukuba ziphathwe eCrimea. Endleleni Ushinsky uKonstantin Dmitrievich kakhulu ukubamba kunomoya eyeka e Odessa ukuba unyango, kodwa kungekudala yafa, kwaba ngoJanuwari 1871 (New Style). Yena ke wangcwatywa eKiev Vydubychi Monastery.

Beloveds Ushinsky

Umfazi K. D. Ushinskogo waba Nadezhda Semenovna Doroshenko. Ke wadibana naye emva Novgorod-Seversky. Yena waba kothile emzalwaneni yamandulo Cossack. Ushinsky watshata sayo ehlotyeni ka-1851 ngexesha uhambo ishishini phakathi komzi. Ke waba nabantwana abahlanu.

Ntombi UVera (indoda Poteau) e Kiev ngeendleko zakhe wavula wesilisa City College, ogama lakhe behlonipha kayise. Intombi yesibini yeThemba ngemali evela kwimisebenzi kayise wadala kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi i-kwilali Bogdanka, apho wayehlala ngexesha Ushinsky.