Ukhuselo International kwamalungelo oluntu kwinkqubo UN

Ngaphandle inkqubela ebonakalayo lwehlabathi ekuqulunqweni norms and standards kumalungelo oluntu, kuphumezo lwazo, kukho izikhewu ezinkulu. Umyalelo kunye nezixhobo zasekhaya azonelanga ukuqinisekisa ukuba ilungelo lokuba abe yokwenene, simele siqinisekise intlonipho umthetho kunye nesicelo yayo ebomini. Kungenxa yale adinga ukhuseleko ngamazwe lwamalungelo oluntu. Ewe, kunjalo, lithi ziye imithetho zabo kwaye obyaannosti zaschischayut la malungelo, kodwa basoloko ukuzisebenzisa? Iindlela yale khuselo zingasetyenziswa ukuba uchaze le misebenzi yenziwa.

Emva kokuba iimfazwe zehlabathi zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini - ingakumbi yesibini - kwacaca ukuba amalungelo nenkululeko yomntu phantse akunakwenzeka ukuba uziphumeze ngumthetho wesizwe - mthetho ezoyikekayo, kohlanga nokubulawa enzeka yi kolawulo ezahlukeneyo eYurophu Asia ngokusekelwe imithetho, kodwa le mithetho ngokupheleleyo akazange ayihambelani amalungelo nenkululeko. Ngoko ke, i weZizwe eziManyeneyo yagqiba ukuba kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba ukulandela wonke ngenxa ubungakanani ukuba bahloniphe amalungelo oluntu kwinqanaba likazwelonke. Ngenxa yoko, ukukhuselwa ngamazwe kwamalungelo oluntu waba yiprayorithi umbutho omtsha.

Kunokuthiwa ukuba iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ukho yaye realizutsya ezahlukahlukeneyo imisebenzi kwicandelo ukhuselo lwamalungelo oluntu. Kungenxa yesi sakhiwo ekhethekileyo linokudlulisela ukuphanda, ukucebisa, kunceda States ngaphakathi kwinkqubo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo, njengoko imfuneko ukuxhasa kwaye bahloniphe amalungelo oluntu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, nkqu iliso indlela States ukuzalisekisa izincomo zabo. Amagunya zezi arhente UN zisekelwe phezu noxanduva ngamazwe UN angamalungu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukwenza ukhuseleko ngamazwe zomthetho lwamalungelo oluntu.

Kuqala kwinto zonke, le nto umsebenzi UN General Assembly, kwakunye yeBhunga okhethekileyo Economic and Social Affairs, leyo yena liyala. Le Council (ECOSOC) yenza iingxelo eyenza isiseko ukuba neendidi imiba oyingozi futhi yingxaki malunga nobundlobongela kwamalungelo oluntu kwi-ajenda kwiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo. Imiba efana kwakhona bangenza ithi ezahlukeneyo UN, kwaye kananjalo kuNobhala Jikelele. ukhuselo International kwamalungelo oluntu ngokusebenzisa le nkqubo ngenxa yokuba isigqibo kwiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ukuba oorhulumente azikho ezibophelelayo zokuyalezwa. Noko ke, zisekelwe kwimigaqo yomthetho ngamazwe ukuba iyabophelela ngokwalo esemthethweni.

Enye imizimba ezizalwa ECOSOC, okwenza umsebenzi kwamalungelo oluntu, ekunokuthiwa kwiKomishoni Yamalungelo oLuntu, sidalwe novalo zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Nyaka ngamnye, uhlangabezana iiveki ezintandathu. rapporteurs zakhe ezizodwa ukulungiselela izifundo ezahlukeneyo malunga yokuba ingaba izivumelwano yephule amazwe yoluntu ahlonitshwe amalungelo nenkululeko, amalungelo abasetyhini kunye abambalwa, akukho kuxhomekeke nabani ucalucalulo ngokusekelwe ibala, ubuzwe, inkolo okanye ezinye iimpawu. Ukongeza kuphando, iKhomishini iya kwenza izindululo ukuphucula imeko.

iindlela International ukhuseleko lwamalungelo oluntu 1976 zaye ngakumbi imbonakalo iKomiti ekhethekileyo UN, naye osebenzela endle kwamalungelo oluntu. Ziquka iingcali ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo, nto leyo kufuneka igama eziphakamileyo kwinkalo yokuziphatha kunye ziingcali phezu amalungelo nenkululeko ukuqonda lwabo kunye nokhuseleko. IKomiti esiva iingxelo ezivela States koko imeko apho amalungelo oluntu kunye nentlonipho ukuze nabo izimvo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ukuze urhulumente unyanzelekile ukuba uphendule. Le komiti nako ungakhalaza ukuba abantu lunyhasho lwamalungelo abo kunye nenkululeko. Kuqwalaselwa isikhalazo, iKomiti ugqiba kwaye acebise ukuba kufuneka inikwe utshintsho karhulumente kulo emthethweni practice, ukwenzela ukuthintela ukwaphulwa.

ukhuselo International kwamalungelo oluntu kwinkqubo UN ikhutshwa phandle kananjalo ngamanye amaqumrhu ajongene amalungelo amaqela athile abantu: abafazi, abantwana, njalo-njalo. I-International Criminal Court ukuya kowama-2000 kuye zolwaphulo ezininzi ezinzima amalungelo oluntu ezenziwe ngabantu, abo ngamandla - ezifana mthetho imfazwe, kohlanga okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho nxamnye noluntu, kunye nezinto ezilolo hlobo. Njengoko kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-UN ukukhusela inkqubo yamalungelo oluntu, wagxeka kakhulu evela kumacala ahlukeneyo ngenxa ngumsina zayo kakuhle, ingakumbi kwiimeko lobunzima, kwakukho izikhundla ezifana nguMkomishinala High i-UN - nakumalungelo ezithile oluntu, amalungelo abo, nto leyo unako ukusebenza kwiimeko emfazwe.