Ingcinga, uhlobo, iimpawu kunye neendidi zobusela

ubunini omkhulu RF Criminal Code (Code Criminal) ibekwe kwindawo yesibini emva kokuba amalungelo lobuqu ngummi. Kweli nqaku siza kujonga ingqiqo, iimpawu, iintlobo kunye neendidi zobusela, esukelwa umthetho Russian. Kulityala ezinxulumene ulwaphulo ilungelo lobunini, kuhlala ngaphezu kwesiqingatha zonke zolwaphulo wathabatha indawo kwilizwe lethu kule minyaka yokugqibela embalwa kunye namashumi.

Ingcamango zobusela

Ukuze ukuqulunqa ingqiqo, iimpawu, iintlobo zobusela, kuyimfuneko ukuhlola kuphela mthetho, kodwa jonga kwinkqubo yangaphambili nemithetho. Ngawo onke amaxesha, izizwe zonke, kuquka isiseko yamandulo imithetho ephathelene nobugebenga icala impahla kunye nohlaselo ubomi babantu. Njengoko inkqubo yobulungisa Russian, ekuqaleni wadlala indima ebalulekileyo, igama elithi "ubusela", njengoko kuchaziwe kwimithetho ezibalulekileyo kunye nemimiselo kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo (Conciliar ikhowudi 1649, umthetho we uCatherine II "Malunga letyala kwaye isohlwayo nokubiwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo," 1781).

Ngo-1845 kukho iseti lokuqala imithetho imbopheleleko lolwaphulo-Russia, apho ibinzana elithi "ubusela" generic sekuba "ndibe" ngemiqondiso, iintlobo, iintlobo echaziweyo eya kuthi yongezwe eyilwayo ezilandelayo imithetho ephathelene nobugebenga.

Ukubiwa twist mihla kuthetha zizo amacala kunye neenjongo nanceba, ezijolise nokurhoxa ngabom kunye nokuziphatha ayinakuguqulwa kwempahla somnye ngokuthanda mthetho.

zimpawu zobusela

Zonke iintlobo kunye neentlobo zobusela ukudibanisa eziliqela iimpawu ezingundoqo, eziquka:

• injongo nanceba. Ubungqina bubonisa ukuba umenzi wobubi okanye iqela abenzi ukuba benze izenzo okungekho mthethweni iinjongo buqu, kunye umnqweno azuze ngokwezinto emagemeni abo okanye amaqela esithathu. Umzekelo ububi self-bakhonza: ukuthatha impahla somnye ukuze yokucebisa (sipaji). Xa kwimbali nomthetho kwakukho iziganeko zobusela kwezibonelelo eziphathekayo kunye nempahla angaphandle ngenjongo bazithumela kubantu abasweleyo (amahlwempu).
• Wrongfulness - isenzo mthethweni obenziwe mthetho owathi, phantsi komthetho yangoku, akanalo ilungelo lokurhoxisa gratuitously izinto omnye ummi, ukuba amalungelo asemthethweni kubunini yepropati.
• Gratuitousness kwenzeka xa umenzi wobubi ithatha ubunini into yomnye umntu ngaphandle imbuyekezo okanye nantoni Ezecala lesibini mbuyekezo iyenye ngohlobo unaniselwano, okanye naziphi na iinkonzo.
• Ukurhoxiswa ithetha ukudlulisela impahla okanye amalungelo kuwo ukusuka umnini tikiti komnye umntu ngaphandle kwemvume kuqala. Ngenxa yoko, umnini-mali lwepropati liyancipha, nto leyo eyenzekayo ebangela umonakalo imfuyo yabo. Kulo mzekelo, ubunini (abucala, uluntu) ongenguye lowo mntu into ebalulekileyo lucalulo ubusela.
• Ukonakala ngohlobo ukunciphisa asethi ochaphazelekayo lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ukuhlelwa zobusela, kuba umisa ubukhulu kunye nokumila nondiliseko lwetyala. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba inani umonakalo kuzinza kuphela ngokuhambelana ne-mhlaba bababamba ngokungekho mthethweni, kodwa hayi ilahleko enxulumene inzuzo. Umzekelo, ukuba umqeshwa weba evela kwinkampani iqhekeza isixhobo, ngoko kumele sibuyele ubuchule kuphela okanye ixabiso layo, yaye isixa umonakalo ukuba aliquki isixa ilahleko yinkampani ezinxulumene kwemitshini zemveliso ngenxa yokungabikho eli kwezixhobo.

ukweba Subject

Concept neendidi zobusela ezinento kumxholo lobusela, esenokuba ipropati nabanye abantu ngokungekho mthethweni zathathwa okanye yabelwe lo mthetho. ubusela isifundo kufuneka sihlanganise iimpawu ezintathu:

1. iipropati Physical - ndaba ukubiwa umbandela ecaciswe space (oko kukuthi, xa sithe sabakho eqinileyo, elulwelo okanye uhlobo sukube, ziyaphila noma).
2. aspect Legal. Lo mhlaba kufuneka babe nomntu ngokusemthethweni
3. Icandelo lezoqoqosho kuthetha ukuba propati ngexabiso.

Forms neendidi zobusela

Iifom ubusela zidweliswe kule Khowudi yoLwaphulo ye-Russian Federation ngokuvumelana neendlela kunye neempawu lokwenza mthetho kwipropati:

1. Ubusela (Art. 158 we-Code Criminal).
2. Ubuqhetseba (Art. 159 we-Criminal Code).
3. Zokuxhaphaza okanye kakubi (160 of Code Criminal).
4. Ukuphanga (Art. 161 Code Criminal).
5. Ukuphanga (Art. 162 we-Code Criminal).

Ngokusekelwe kubungakanani umonakalo owenzeke kumnini propati, umthetho lolwaphulo-Russia ezi ntlobo zilandelayo kobusela impahla yommelwane wakhe;

• ubusela uPetty, isixa umonakalo engekho ngaphezulu kwe-1000 engange.
• Ubusela, umonakalo ngenxa umnini immateriality kwi imali engange-1000 ukuya 2500.
• umonakalo omkhulu, imali leyo ukufikelela ukuya engange-250 000.
• ubusela omkhulu engange million 1.
• Ingakumbi iintlobo ezinkulu zobusela - ngaphezu kwesigidi esi-1 engange.

ukweba

Ubusela - izimali Secret, echasene nomthetho welizwe. Xa intliziyo ulwaphulo enjalo Ulwabiwo ungasebenzisi zigalo iinzuzo ezibonakalayo kunye nezo zingabonakaliyo ukuba umdlwenguli yomnye umntu. Kulo mzekelo, ithe ezithathwa nje ngeziyimfihlo kuphela xa umenzi wobubi wenza xa engekho umniniyo, okanye ukuba phambi kokuba umnini okanye abanye abantu, musa ukunikezela ngaphandle phambi kwayo ngexesha ulwaphulo-mthetho. Amaqumrhu wagwetywa ngenxa yalo mthetho kunokuba umntu omdala kwiminyaka eli-14 kuphela.

ukuphanga

Ukuphanga kuyingozi ngaphezu ubusela, ubuqhetseba kunye neziMali njengoko lubandakanya ekuthatheni okungekho mthethweni ipropati phambi yomnini okanye abanye abantu abathi banolwazi kweenjongo mthetho. Ngenxa yoko, umenzi wobubi kwakhona ubona ubukho amaxhoba, kodwa usaqhubeka ityala, Noko ke, leyo, ukuba ungasebenzisi zigalo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuphanga kuthetha ukuba umoni ifuna ukwenza open ukususwa impahla yomnye umntu. Njengoko ugonyamelo inokuba ngumtyholwa esebenza ukuya amaxhoba okanye abantu abaye ithuba ekuthinteleni ikhomishini lokuphanga. Ezi zenzo ugonyamelo, kodwa ngaphandle ingozi elivakalayo kubomi kunye nempilo betyala okuzibonela. Imizekelo: ezibangela intlungu ngokwasemzimbeni, udlula, entolongweni.

ukuphanga

Nokuphanga - eyekile kakhulu ayingozi eluntwini impahla yommelwane wakhe, olusekelwe phezu ulwabiwo ngokucinezela ngamandla impahla zabanye. Internet usebenzisa ezinobungozi kunye nobundlobongela, apho kunokuba yingozi hayi kuphela impilo amaxhoba, kodwa ubomi babo. Njengoko igwenxa umoni angenza isicelo njengoko wahlaselwa efihliweyo okanye evulekileyo kwipropati lomnini okanye omnye umntu kweli sebe ukuze kuyo (umz - yabalindi). Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isoyikiso kubomi babantu kunye nempilo ye ixhoba na into yale fomu ubusela kwaye ufuna isakhono eyahlukileyo.

ubuqhetseba

Urhwaphilizo - ukubiwa yomnye amalungelo empahla kunye / okanye isakhiwo ukukopela okanye ukophulwa intembeko yomnini. nenkohliso esbnzyo - oku kububuxoki, esebenzisa apho scammer wazisa umnini ukungaqondi malunga nokutshintshwa kwelungelo lempahla. Kunokuzibonakalisa ngohlobo amaxwebhu kwaphunyezwa, nto leyo ngenxa transfer lwepropati mthetho okanye ekunene ukuya kuyo ngaphandle lokwazisa umnini wakhe. Ukophulwa ithemba, umnini kukwadala Inkohliso lakhe ukuba isenzo kwenzeka inceba yakhe, kodwa eneneni kukhokelela ekubeni umnini, engaqondanga oko, le wobuqhophololo uthumela impahla yakhe. Umahluko kuphela kukuba kule meko wobubi enza isiseko kwempahla trust. Imizekelo iimeko ezinjalo: ukungaphumeleli ukubuyisela izixhobo ityala okanye uqeshiswe, ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela neemfanelo kontraki kunye nabanye.

Zokuxhaphaza okanye gwenxa

Zokuxhaphaza okanye ulwabiwo ahluka kwezinye iintlobo zobusela ukuba inguqu (iwuthimbe) amalungelo obunini ukusuka kumnini ukuya wobubi lungenzeki, umenzi wobubi ukonwabela kuphela ilungelo lokuba ukulahla lwepropati uyiphathisiweyo ubulungiseleli bakhe. Zokuxhaphaza kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa owona (usebenzisa up) ipropati yomnye umntu, kwaye gwenxa - detainer de kutyekelo.

ubusela Qualifications kunye secaleni umsebenzi

Of the Code yoLwaphulo lityhila kuphela ingqikelelo ubusela, iintlobo kunye neendidi zobusela, kodwa iindlela ezingqiniweyo zeziqinisekiso zabo, kunye nezingqinisiso zazo zokuthintela. Lijongene amatyala impahla unokuba kweentlobo ezimbini: yolawulo mthetho. Onesethi yokuqala yamaxwebhu amatyala yentlalo-yingozi afanelekele iintlobo nje ezingephi ubusela. Basenokuba zimiliselwe ngokusebenzisa ubusela, ukuqhatha okanye ubuqhetseba, ukuba ubungakanani lomonakalo ayidluli kumvuzo zatshintshwayo ngenyanga ebabamalunga ngummi ngexesha ulwaphulo-mthetho. nobutyala, ukuba iintlobo ayingozi eluntwini zobusela babenikelwe, ubungakanani umonakalo apho Ungeno kwadlulwa 5000 engange.

Iintlobo zobusela nga zihlelwe nje kuphela ngokwemigaqo ubungakanani umonakalo ofunyenwe, kodwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo ubuninzi amatyala yi-mthetho olufanayo. Ngoko ke, lo ubusela bezinto ngaphantsi kwama-5,000 engange., Ke lizimisele ngokuphindaphindiweyo, azibhalwanga yamsukela butyala kwezolawulo mthetho. Kwelinye icala, umlinganiselo kuzibamba kulo mzekelo ziya kusetwa ukuba zombini ubusela encinane, wenza ngokuphindaphindiweyo, nkqu ukuba isixa umonakalo kufikelela kwinqanaba ukweba ezukileyo. Le ngaphandle i khetho xa ityala ngamnye olandelayo uzinikele ngendlela efanayo njengoko kowangaphambili, kwaye iziphumo ezibekwe ngayo injongo mthetho ukuba enze ewonke ukurhoxiswa yobukhulu enkulu.