Inkqubo pension nakwelaseTshayina kule mihla sikuyo. Ingaba kukho yepenshini China?

China - kwintsimi enkulu kunye nabantu belizwe kunye ubutyebi bembali kunye akukho ngaphantsi zizityebi ngoku. China - eli lizwe ukuba banika ihlabathi iphepha, ushicilelo, wompu, isilika, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi, yintoni kufuneka abantu kule mini.

Ingaba kukho yepenshini China?

Ngoku ngumba ngezihloko kakhulu.

isiko Chinese iqala kudala. Kwezintsuku oko luphawu lwelizwe eseliphuhlile kakhulu, phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo zoshishino kunye noqoqosho lwesizwe. Impucuko Chinese kwezentlalo nezopolitiko umsebenzi wonke umntu laliphezulu kakhulu. Okwangoku, uluntu olukwiminyaka yomhlala-ngaphezu kwama-170 mln. Abantu. Sinokuthi, eli lizwe ukwaluphala.

Isithintelo nomntwana wesibili

Le yingxaki enkulu China. Kweli lizwe, kuzise ukuphumeza nakwiinguqulelo ukuvala ukuzalwa komntwana wakhe wesibini. Isenokuba kuzala kuphela xa yokuqala wayeneminyaka emine ubudala. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba ahlawule karhulumente isohlwayo omkhulu. Ukunciphisa impembelelo yokukhula kwenani labemi kwinto yokuba urhulumente akukho ithuba ukunceda abantu abadala kweli lizwe.

inkxaso okwenziwe kungangabikho kubazali - iintombi duty zamabanga aphantsi kunye noonyana, awathi ukutyhubela iinkulungwane. Pensions e China olungahlangabezani inqanaba lophuhliso kweli lizwe.

inkqubo yomhlalaphantsi exhaswayo

Faka inkqubo yomhlalaphantsi mali yaqala ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-21. Kodwa le nkqubo kakuhle kakhulu. iziqinisekiso Social basebenza kube ukulimala kwabo. Olu daba ngokungqongqo isigqibo kumgangatho karhulumente kulo. URhulumente uyawaphumeza nawo umlo esisigxina wokulwa norhwaphilizo, kubekho ukwanda ukuba inxalenye eqhubekekayo umhlala nganye. Lo ngomnye wemiba ephambili yomgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente.

Njengokuba kwakunjalo ngaphambili?

Ekuqaleni, yomhlalaphantsi China i-kumiselwe kuphela ukusebenza kukarhulumente yoluntu abakhonzi. Ngo-2007, i-pension wafumana% 30 kuphela labemi (bonke oludala olubonelelwa abantwana babo). Ngo-2009, urhulumente Chinese wenza inkqubo apho iintlawulo pension waqala ukufumana abemi abahlala ezilalini. Sele ngo-2012, i-55% yabantu ufumana umhlala-phantsi. inkqubo accrual Pension ixhomekeke ekubeni umntu ngurhulumente okanye ayisebenzi.

Njani na ipenshoni age ubudala China?

Okwangoku, yomhlalaphantsi China likaThixo isiba. Le lali Kulawulwa aphantsi kakhulu, malunga 9-17 zeerandi. abazali abakhulileyo ziqulathe abantwana. Umsebenzi ophambili abantwana - ukunakekela abazali, ngoko uthi urhulumente. Ngoko ke, abasebenzi zezolimo ubunzima kakhulu. Ukuba umbuso lichitha imali ngokugcinwa umhlala-phantsi, ngoko akukho uphuhliso lizwe angeke. Oku kungenxa yokuba inani labantu yobudala yomhlala lingaphaya kwenani labasebenzi.

yobudala yomhlala-phantsi

Abasetyhini yiya ku umhlala-phantsi kubudala 50. Abaphathi - engama-55. Kwaye xa eneminyaka engama-60, abantu besini eyindoda. iinzuzo Pension efunyenwe abasebenzi entsimini kwabakhonzi mveliso kunye yoluntu. Kufuneka amava omsebenzi engama-15. Ngeli xesha umqeshwa kwenza igalelo. Kukho iinkampani engapheliyo ngokukhethekileyo ingxowa-mali yomhlala-phantsi yokuhlawula ipension ukuba abasebenzi bayo lwaqhutywa ngokupheleleyo.

Kule imihlala kuMbindi uBukumkani iyafakwa kwisixeko yabasebenzi bureau zokukhusela intlalo yoluntu. Kwezi amalungu uguquko kunqabile kakhulu, kodwa ukuba kudlule, kunzima kakhulu. iindlela zokhuseleko pension ayisebenzi.

ubukhulu yomhlalaphantsi

abaqeshwa bakarhulumente okanye abasebenzi kwishishini ngenyanga uluhlu-11 ekhulwini, apho 7% ngumqeshi-4% ngumqeshwa. Imali yomhlalaphantsi kuhlawulwa qho ngenyanga kwaye ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Oku kumele 20% yomvuzo avareji. Imali yomhlalaphantsi ngenxa yokwaluphala eTshayina ukuya malunga $ 240 ngenyanga nganye. Ngaba imfuneko elide engahlawulwanga ukuqhuba uhlaziyo pension.

Kwaye ngo-2017 kuya kuba ukuqwalasela umthetho ukwanda kwe pension kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. Urhulumente ufuna ukwazisa umhlalaphantsi exutyiweyo leyo eza kuxhomekeka iminikelo yomqeshwa. Kwakhona siceba ukwandisa umhlala-phantsi. Ngoku urhulumente uchitha-40% yebhajethi yengeniso. Pension Fund libandakanywe yokugcina imali abemi, kodwa ke unelungelo lokuba kuthenga izabelo kwiinkampani zikarhulumente, enika ukhuseleko kunye nokwanda kwemali.

Umzekelo yokubala

Pension e China kubasebenzi oluqhelekileyo olusezantsi lubalwa khona ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- cinga kuqala amava (ngoko unyaka-1 - 100 yuan umhlalaphantsi);

- ke wongezelela 1/120 - okongezeleke inxenye;

- intlawulo yenziwe abantu ukuba basebenze kude kube ngowama-31 Disemba 1997 (125 yuan);

- nelo xesha ke kuhlawulwa kube kubi, ukuxatyiswa kule nkampani.

Abasebenzi ze-ofisi elikomkhulu kunye kwinzuzo yuan 10,000 ngenyanga nganye kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu ziya kufumana pension 3.400 yuan. Iintlawulo zabasebenzi pension zombuso qho ngonyaka (malunga 300 yuan). China kwakhona izicwangciso ukukhulisa nge% umhlala 15 invalids imfazwe kunye amagqala Red Army 1927-1937 xesha.

Banganyamekeli isaziso yoluntu kunye neziphumo ezibi-mali yomhlalaphantsi, abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba le mali iincwadi nemali.

Le ngasentla kubonisa ukuba lizwe ku eweni zemali. Oku kuyimbono ziingcali ezininzi. Ngo-2050, inani umhlalaphansi ivuke 500 yezigidi ngo-China. Kodwa China ukhona obu bunzima. Isimo eli lizwe liya kusebenzisa onke amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukwenzela uphuhliso inkqubo yomhlalaphantsi.

Abemi kwiidolophu ezincinane yephondo kunye neendawo zasemaphandleni Iintlawulo zomhlalaphantsi abazi nto, iindaba akaze nesigqubuthelo. Loo nto njengoko intlawulo ipension ukuba abazi.

Ngaphambi koku, abantu yobudala yomhlala-phantsi, abo ezingaqukwanga ngabafakwa uviko, ngaphandle uluntu ngabom. Kodwa ke ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, zisasazekile, umhlala waqala ukunika abantwana babo emva kwezi ndawo.

Kweli lizwe ulwalamano lwentsapho kunye neenqobo, bomelele kakhulu, ngoko abantwana musa kubashiya abantu babo ngaphandle ngenkathalo. Ngoko, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bahlala phi na, le nto iphambili umnqweno nizalise usapho. Abantu abaninzi sinikele ingqalelo ban karhulumente, ngenxa yokuba lo mntwana xa sele bekhulile uya kubanyamekela.

Ngoku icacile into pension eTshayina.

Yintoni namhlanje?

Nanamhla oku, urhulumente Chinese akazange ayeke ukucinga ngento kufuneka enze nokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe. Esi sikimu lithuba ukuhlawula pension wonke ummi abaphezulu kunye pension abakhubazekileyo. Iinzuzo ixhomekeke ngqo kwi umvuzo kunye nesikhundla ngokomsebenzi.

Xa China iya kudala indlela ngokhuseleko pension, abakhulileyo ayisayi kuxhomekeka koonyana, yaye akusayi enye yeengxaki ezibalulekileyo wenzala. Ngenxa yoko, abemi e-China lingaya lisehla ngokwehla. Ngomhla ukuzalwa komntwana, akazi ukuba sichithe imali ekuqeqesheni yakhe uluhlu ngeenyawo zalo. Ngoko ke, kuya kuba lula ukuba siphilele yena ngokuthanda kwakhe, hayi forking kwi abaselula. Ngoku ke loo pension e China.