Ukhohlokhohlo ku nesifo: iimpawu kunye neempawu

Isikhohlela ehlala ngeveki elide ngaphezu kwesinye, yaye oko kukhatshwa umkhuhlane. Mhlawumbi le iimpawu ze-TB? Akukho mfuneko ukuba madolw 'anzima. Ngapha koko, loo nto kuba nje ari.

Yintoni isifo sephepha?

Isifo sephepha - isifo esibangelwa mycobacteria, leyo athunyelwa ancedisana, okroqiweyo igazi neoksijini. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, uninzi bonke kuchaphazela emiphungeni. Kakade, esi sifo ukuphuhlisa kwezinye izigqeba. Unyango kuphumelela, kodwa ifuna ikhosi leenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kunyaka, kwaye kwezinye iimeko azide iminyaka (konke oko kuxhomekeke kuhlobo ukhohlokhohlo in sephepha pulmonary). Ngaphambili, esi sifo ezivame kakhulu. Kodwa ukuvela ukhohlokhohlo isibulala-zintsholongwane, isifo sephepha iye ngaphantsi rhoqo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, esi sifo ikhula, njengoko ukuvela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo sephepha kukhokelele uzinzo nemithi. Kukho sisifo ngeendlela ezifana evulekileyo kunye ezivaliweyo. Ifomu yokuqala bacterium, nto leyo amajoni omzimba sele abathintela, oko azinabungozi ebantwini ababekunye nabo. Noko ke, le fom kuphuma evulekileyo, ukuba loo mntu wenze unyango olufanelekileyo. Kule fomu yesibini, isigulana okwazi nokosulela abanye. Lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo zosulelo - siphefumle umoya ukuba umphefumlo owosulelekileyo.

Ngubani na ngozini yokuyifumana TB?

Ingozi enkulu abantu:

• kunye okukwazi buthathaka (iintsana of eyosulelwe yi-HIV);
• abantu adibane olusondeleyo nomntu onesifo (abahlala kweli gumbi elifanayo);
• abo banyamekela izigulane kunye nesifo sephepha (oogqirha kunye nabongikazi);
• abantu abangamaxhoba eziyobisi intshongo (ingakumbi abo batshayayo ngaphezu kwesinye ipakethi yecuba ngosuku);
• abo abahlala ezitalatweni;
• abantu basele utywala neziyobisi ezidakumbisayo;
• kwabantu ubunzima yi-10% ngaphantsi kunesiqhelo;
• abo basebenzisa amayeza nokudakumba;
• abantu entolongweni.

Izinto ezibangela ukhohlokhohlo in sephepha

Umzimba uyakwazi yokulwa naziphi na iintsholongwane ezingena kuyo. Nangona kunjalo, naziphi na uxinzelelo okanye buthathaka ephilayo unika lokungaphumeleli kwaye kudala iimeko ezithandwa kakhulu kuphuhliso sifo.

Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo elalana waya eziphilayo lwesifo sephepha eletha - emoyeni. Kodwa usulelo lungenzeki ngoko nangoko - igciwane ehlangabezana kweelana isixokelelwano sokuphefumla. iintonga Development kwenzeka xa ngokuma nangokurhala, inyumoniya neetyhubhu aphezulu.

Ezingunobangela eziqhelekileyo lokugula: udlakazeko lwentlalo, qhagamshelana nomnye umntu onesifo, yokuphila mpilweni, ntshikilelo, ukutya kakuhle kunye nezifo amahlwempu. Kodwa sizathu nga ngokuba isiseko buthathaka kwezentlalo kunye nokungakwazi nokuphilisa ngokupheleleyo.

Iimpawu ukhohlokhohlo in sephepha

Into yokuqala ukumamela umzimba wakho uze uhlawule ingqalelo naluphi na utshintsho, bangaphoswa lokuqala sifo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuba isifo yokuqala ukuze ukuzibonakalisa kwaye kwafunyaniswa ukuba emva X-ray emiphungeni.

Ezi mpawu zilandelayo Iimpawu zokuqala zesi sifo:

• nesiyezi ziqhu;
• kuxhaphake silale;
• ukuphazamiseka lweepateni ndalala ubuthongo;
• ukubila enzima;
• pallor umzimba olunamandla;
• bahlazeke imbonakalo eqaqambileyo;
• ngokukhawuleza komzimba;
• ukungabi namdla;
• lobushushu Umzimba 37 ⁰ C.

Kumanqanaba kamva zesi sifo kubonakala ngokucacileyo:

• Isifo sephepha i ukukhohlela kakhulu - zombini owomileyo kunye phlegm;
• tachycardia, apho kukho ukuphelelwa kakhulu ngumphefumlo;
• rales ngegalelo lazo;
• umkhuhlane omkhulu;
• kwazo emehlweni akhe nolusu luthuthu;
• DYSTONIA;
• ngokukhawuleza ubunzima ilahleko ukuya buziikhilogram ezilishumi okanye ngaphezulu;
• ukubonakala kwegazi expectoration;
• kukuvela iintlungu esifubeni.

isigaba tuberculosis

Kukho izigaba ezithathu sephepha pulmonary:

1. Gciwane. Oku kwenzeka kuphela kwinxalenye apho usuleleko ongena. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezazinesifo Ndiva kamnandi, kodwa maxa wambi kusenokubakho imiqondiso yokuqala sifo.
2. izifo angasebenzi. Ngaphandle ukuba amajoni omzimba womntu ebuthathaka kakhulu, ezi bhaktheriya ngokukhawuleza wonke umzimba. Ngenxa yoko, zakha nepokotho iintsholongwane isifo sephepha amalungu ezahlukeneyo.
3. Ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo. Ukuqokelelana mycobacteria yosulela imiphunga, le bronchi wadibana nale iintsholongwane ezenza abantu bendlala usulelo.

TB

Ukwahlula iintlobo ezininzi zesi sifo. Kuxhomekeke imilo unyango kunye nendlela sifo kuyingozi.

Ifomu yokuqala - infiltrative. Kungenxa yokuba kukho ukudumba kwi kwemiphunga yabantu. Ngenxa yoko, umphunga izicwili uba efana cottage sisi. Kwezinye iimeko, le fomu nazimpawu kwaye babonakaliswa kuphela X-ray. Kudla ukukhohlela igazi, kodwa impilo ngokubanzi akuyona into embi. Ngokufuthi sifo edidekile ne pneumonia, iphika kunye nomkhuhlane.

Ifom yesibini ekuthiwa diseminirovanoy. Kwaye kubangelwa yinto yokuba bhaktheriya egazini kunye nenkqubo emithanjeni. Iimpawu zicacile kwaye umntu ngamnye wahlukile.

Ifom yesithathu - cavernous, oko luphawulwa kukuvela nemingxuma emihle kwezihlunu semiphunga. Le fom sasingachazwa kakhulu. Kunyangwa ngamayeza, unyango ngokwasemzimbeni amalungiselelo immunnostimuliruyuschih.

Ifom yesine kuthiwa ezinezikhondo. Xa kuchaphazela bronchi mayibonakale emphysema, bronchiectasis, kunye abanesigulo nezengekho miphungeni.

Le fom sesihlanu kuthiwa focal kunye nezasesekondari. Oluvo ukukhanya enye, okanye zombini. Xa abantu, kukho ukukhohlela na isifo sephepha, nangecesina, kunye nezinye iimpawu.

Ngamanye amaxesha nesifo sephepha ngaphandle ukukhohlela?

Kuphela ekuqaleni ingaqala ngaphandle ukukhohlela. Ngeli xesha, isigulana akakwazi va inkqubo ukunxila ukuba emzimbeni wakhe. Kodwa Ukhohlokhohlo livela kunye nexesha.

Xa uhlobo okuvala ukhohlokhohlo kwi sephepha lungenzeki.

Xa umntu egula nesifo sephepha amalungu ezifana amathambo, amalunga, ulusu, amehlo, ingqondo, izintso, amathumbu kunye esini, lo ukhohlokhohlo asivelanga.

Yintoni ukhohlokhohlo in isifo sephepha?

Ukhohlokhohlo kwenzeka xa phambili kwesifo. Yena: owomileyo (okanye ikwabizwa ngokuba non-nemveliso) kunye ezimanzi (imveliso).

Ukuba ufumana ukukhohlela elomileyo:

• isifo sephepha isanda;
• kukho uxinzelelo kwiindawo emthini nkovu inyumoniya, eziye inyusiwe;
• has tuberculosis le bronchi;
• isahlakalo ngaxeshanye yomoya ezigulo ezondeleyo.

Kwakhona kuyenzeka ngenxa ukungena zokufuma (ububomvu okanye ezinye) kunye pleura ukuya bronchi.

Ukhohlokhohlo tuberculosis na izinto ezilandelayo:

• uphuhliso olukhawulezayo sifo;
• uhlobo esi sifo leyo, esa entshabalalweni kwemiphunga;
• ukuxhasa kwemigudu yomoya nonspecific.

Ukukhohlela kule sifo kwenzeka ubunzima yohlobo olunye yi ezingenambala kunye esha. Ukuba TB ngaxeshanye kunye nezinye izifo zemiphunga, lo yencindi komanzi, ubovu, kunye ivumba elibukhali ezingemnandi.

Ezinye iimpawu ze-TB

Ukhohlokhohlo in sephepha luphawulwa expectoration kwegazi, nto leyo inkalo ezinye iindidi zesifo sephepha miphungeni. Ekuqaleni, lo ukhohlokhohlo nomonde phezulu igazi yesiqhelo elibomvu, kamva Ungena lutyhido. akwenzeki lobushushu eli. Noko ke, ukuba igazi engena imiphunga, ngo-90% yamatyala kukho nangokurhala ukuba kwenzeka kunye nomkhuhlane.

Ukopha emiphungeni luphawulwa imbonakalo igazi eliqaqambileyo elibomvu, umthamo leyo ml ngaphezu kwama-50 ngosuku (ithetha ukuba uhamba isixokelelwano sokuphefumla). Xa expectoration igazi eyabelwe hayi ml ngaphezulu kwama-50 ngosuku. Ukopha emiphungeni ezinobungozi ngenxa ukopha kukothuka zinokwenzeka.

Ukhohlokhohlo kunye dyspnea kwi nesifo sephepha ngexesha ngumphunga, oku kubangelwe kummandla yehlise inwebu lung, patency bronchi kunye nomsebenzi isiba yinxalenye ingqondo lowo unoxanduva uphefumlayo.

Kubonakala abenze ntlungu buqina kwi intshukumo encinane.

Oku kwenzeka lymphadenopathy.

Ukhohlokhohlo kubantwana

Ukhohlokhohlo e nesifo sephepha ebantwaneni ine mpawu zilandelayo:

• owomileyo olunamandla;
• kakhulu ebusuku kwaye kusasa siqhuba lukwasetyenziswa ukuvavanya iyaqhubeka inyanga ngaphezu kwesinye;
• Njengoko esi sifo kuba efumileyo ubovu nokufu- igazi;
• isikhohlela ikhatshwe ubuthathaka, ingqalelo, yehle yokusebenza.

Xa ikhethiwe kakuhle iyeza inyamalala.

Abazali kufuneka bakwazi ukwahlula ukhohlokhohlo kwi sephepha yemiphunga evela izifo ezihlasela zosulele ngokuphefumla wentsholongwane abantwana, ekubeni naye abe ukukhohlela, kodwa uneempawu zawo:

• Kubonakala xa kuqala sifo;
• Lenza ngokusebenzisa iintsuku ezimbini ukuya ezintlanu;
• onamandla, okt ixesha elifutshane ixesha ukusuka owomileyo ukumanzisa;
• esibonakala umkhuhlane kunye nazo zonke iimpawu catarrhal;
• nokuphelisa ukusela ngokugqithiseleyo, kwaye kufumana amachiza antiviral.

Ezona ndlela ithandwa kakhulu ngenxa uxilongo lwesifo sephepha

Iindlela uthandwayo kokuxilongwa ziquka iindlela x-reyi, uvavanyo Mantoux, kunye Diaskintest kvantiferonovy test.

iindlela X-ray zihlukaniswe:

• -X-reyi - raying. Yindlela cheap, apho wayeyingcali lihlola umzimba lomkhusane ngexesha kukhanyise ifowuni.
• Ray. Kuyinto ichanekile kakhulu kwaye ubhatala ingqalelo iinkcukacha zayo nayiphi na inkqubo yingozi emiphungeni.
• Itomography. Isetyenziswa ucacise uhlobo sifo. Ukwenza umfanekiso anemifanekiso ezininzi.
• Chest X-reyi. Le ndlela ithandwa kuba isetyenziselwa nokuthintela nesifo sephepha, kufuneka zihlolwe kanye ngonyaka.

Mantoux vavanyo ukuba isixhobo esisodwa lifakwa umzimba womntu - tuberculin. Kwiintsuku ezintathu kamva, ingcali luvavanya impendulo eziphilayo. Ukwenza le sifo nyaka ngamnye abantwana, ukususela kwiminyaka ubudala nangaphantsi elinesibhozo. Unalungelo lini na ixabiso, ekunyaniseni Uzakubanethuba lokuyivavanya inani elikhulu labantu.

Ngenkqubela indlela zinokuchaphazeleka zizinto ezininzi, ngoko ke iziphumo zovavanyo ziya asichanekanga:

• xa umntwana ubunzima izifo ezithile, aleji, banikele inaliti;
• ephula ubugcisa, umgangatho abaziintsizana kuqulunqo;
• indlela lobuxoki lwenzeka phambi eziphilayo omzimba abufana ngamagciwane isifo sephepha.

Diaskintest kusetyenziswa ukuze ecaleni lobuxoki uvavanyo positive Mantoux. Amaninzi kusetyenziswa kwiimeko apho abazali achasene ingubo. Noko ke, oko kunika iziphumo bobuxoki ukuba esi sifo kwi kumabakala okuqala.

test Kvantiferonovy yeyona ndlela yeyona mihla kokuxilongwa kuba sibona zombini uhlobo esebenzayo kunye abagxothwa esi sifo. Abaxhamla kule ndlela kukuba kuliwa elabhoratri, akukho ngempembelelo yangaphandle. Kwakhona ephelisa indlela lobuxoki kwaye isetyenziswa nokuba isifo yomntwana.

Isikhohlela unyango lwesifo sephepha

Ukuba ubaphatha ukhohlokhohlo (TB), kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba onke amayeza zithathwe kanye ngexesha, ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle ulwamkelo yokupasa. Ukuba indlela ingu linokunyhashwa, kusenokuba luhlobo ukukhohlela, leyo iyamelana ichiza. Tshabalalisa inegciwane tubercle kunokwenzeka kuphela xa isicelo kwamachiza ezintlanu okanye ezintandathu.

Kodwa ukuze ukuphilisa abagulayo, akuyomfuneko ukuba uthembele kwiziyobisi. Uthomalaliso kwenziwa kubanjiswene ne kunyango ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nolawulo iziyobisi, eqinisa nezifo. Akufunekanga ngoyaba imisebenzi kunye nesondlo esifanelekileyo nokuphefumla.

Ukuba isifo iqale, ngoko kuyacetyiswa uqhaqho. Njengoko ukufa ngenye kunokwenzeka. Ukuba unyango lwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo, i-khohlo liyalahleka emva isifo sephepha.