Ubume jellyfish. Ubume bale Scyphozoa

Phakathi ezingenamqolo zasemanzini - abemi yeelwandle, iqela eziphilayo ekuthiwa scyphoids. Baye iifom ezimbini yebhayoloji - polypoid kwaye medusoid esibonakala komzimba yabo kunye nendlela yokuphila. Eli nqaku liza kuhlolisisa ngesakhiwo jellyfish, kwakunye iinkalo ezithile zobomi bakhe.

iimpawu ngokubanzi scyphoids Class

Ezi eziphilayo ezo uhlobo coelenterates kwaye kuphela eziphila emanzini. Scyphomedusae, imifanekiso leyo ziboniswa ngezantsi zibe intsimbi okanye imilo neliso lomzimba, yaye wona ngokwawo - selubala kunye gelatinous, lenziwa mesogloea. Zonke izilwanyana zale eklasini indlela yesibini ngabathengi kunye kwalusa kwi zooplankton.

Kuba eziphilayo luphawulwa iphiramidi ebonisa unxibelelwano (iphiramidi ebonisa) wolingano na umzimba: iindawo anatomically ncam, kwakunye ancedisana amalungu zilahlwe radially ukusuka esqwini kwiziko longitudinal. Kuyinto ezendeleyo isilwanyana, nje edada kwikholam emanzini, kwakunye nezo neentlobo ukuba ungenzi (anemones) okanye chu alawule ecaleni zeendawana (korale, ulwandle urchins).

isakhiwo lwangaphandle. yokuhlala

Ekubeni Abameli scyphoids kufuneka lifeforms ezimbini - jellyfish kunye polyp, khangela nokwakheka kwabo, nto leyo eye nokungafani. Ekuqaleni sihlolisisa isakhiwo sangaphandle jellyfish. Ukuvula phantsi intsimbi isiseko isilwanyana, sifumana umlomo erhangqwe nemisipha. Iqhuba imisebenzi ezimbini: iindawo ibangela ukutya kwaye lisusa iintsalela undigested phandle. eziphilayo enjalo ibizwa protostomes. umzimba layer kabini isilwanyana siquka ectoderm kunye endoderm. Iifom yokugqibela kwesisu (i esiswini) kwisisu. Ngenxa yoko igama: uhlobo coelenterates.

Umsantsa phakathi kweengqimba emzimbeni ezaliswe ijeli-like mass ngaphaya - mesoglea. iiseli Ectodermal asebenza inkxaso, ngeemoto zikhusela. Le isilwanyana ulusu-izihlunu ingxowa, ngokubonelela intshukumo wayo emanzini. Isakhiwo yokwakheka ye-jellyfish yi kunokuba nzima, njengoko ecto- kunye endoderm umahluko zibe ezahlukeneyo iindidi cell. Ngaphandle ugubungela kunye kwezihlunu umaleko zangaphandle iiseli ezininzi esiphakathi, okungenisa uphawu zokusebenza (apho uthole isahlulo umonakalo lomzimba zezilwanyana).

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba isakhiwo neurocytes ku scyphoids. Yokuba oojongiinkwenkwezi, zime kunye neenkqubo zabo entwine le ectoderm kunye endoderm, ukwakha izihloko - iindibano. I-luvo yale hlobo kuthiwa kwentamo.

Endoderm kunye nemisebenzi yayo

Amaxwebhu Umaleko engaphakathi kwi scyphoids inkqubo gastrovascular ukusuka isisu sayo ray kumka amajelo yokusila lwenziwa yi glandular (secreting ijusi yokwetyisa) kunye neeseli phagocytic. Ezi zithinteli ziiseli eziziintloko ndoyidiliza amasuntswana ukutya. Le kokudla kwakubandakanya ulusu kunye nesakhiwo dystrophy asengxoweni. Zakha pseudopods inwebu, yaye inika umdla into amasuntswana retractors organic. iiseli Phagocytic kunye pseudopods ukwetyisa yenziwa iintlobo ezimbini: intracellular (ezifana protists) kunye cavitary izilwanyana multicellular eziququzelelwe kakhulu azalwa.

iiseli abuhlungu

Siyaqhubeka ukufunda ubume Scyphozoa kwaye cinga indlela apho izilwanyana akhuselwe, kwakunye uhlaselo ibe lixhoba. Xa scyphoids kukho elinye igama ngendlela: iklasi Cnidarians. Kubonakala ukuba umaleko ectodermal, ukuba zicwangciswe iiseli ezikhethekileyo - umba, okanye sihlabe, wababiza knidotsitami. Bona ibekwe emlonyeni kunye nemisipha yezilwanyana. Phantsi isenzo ngomsonto zizinto mechanical akhiwe iiseli philisi umba betekisi ngokukhawuleza, lihlaba umzimba yexhoba. ubuthi Scyphoids, ezendeleyo knidotsel ziyabulala ukuya ezingenamqolo ezincinane kwindawo iintlanzi. Xa abantu bakufikise iimpawu urticaria nesikhumba komzimba.

ingqondo

Kunye kungqameko intsimbi jellyfish, ifoto thaca ngezantsi, uyakwazi ukubona Mpondwana asisifutshane, ekuthiwa ziiseli kumda - rhopalium. ezimbini sitho oluvo efumaneka kubo: emehlweni (amehlo basabela njani ukukhanya) kwaye lizama (statocysts, ukuba uhlobo iingqalutye lekalika). Kunye scyphoids zabo uncedo bafunde lokusondela emvula: amaza omsindo kuluhlu-8 ukuya kwele-13 Hz ukubacaphukisa statocysts yaye ngokukhawuleza wenkomo, ukuba uyehla nzulu elwandle.

inkqubo Reproductive buphindwe

Ukuqhubeka ukufunda ngesakhiwo jellyfish (umfanekiso eboniswe ngezantsi), iya kujolisa scyphoids uhlelo zokuzala. It limelwe gonads, ka kucebisa kwakhiwa kwisisu esiswini ukuba imvelaphi ectodermal. Ngenxa yokuba ezi izilwanyana dioecious, iqanda kunye sperm uphume ngomlomo kunye neqanda kwenzeka emanzini. Elilodwa uqala ityumza yaye ngokwakha yintsholongwane single-umaleko - blastula, kwaye kuyo - umbungu ekuthiwa planuly.

It ndiyihlanganise ndiyidadise ngokukhululekileyo, ke eqhotyoshelwe kule zeendawana lube liqhubu (stsifistomu). Kunokuba imile amathupha, kodwa inawo amandla strobilation. Ndiyila a esitoreni esters abaselula jellyfish ebizwa. Bona apha kwizikhondo engundoqo. Ubume jellyfish, zisuswe ukusuka strobe, yile: unenkqubo iphiramidi ebonisa itshaneli, umlomo, nemisipha, rhopalium kunye nokuqala namadlala ngokwesini.

Ngenxa yoko, isakhiwo yohlukile jellyfish abantu stsifistomy maqanda ene-imilo etsobhileyo kwaye ubukhulu 1-3 mm iqhotyoshelwe kumphezulu nge sesiqu. Umlomo ingqongwe isithsaba nemisipha, kunye kwisisu esiswini yahlulwe ipokotho 4.

Indlela ukuhambisa scyphoids

Medusa ikwazi jet basafunda. Yena evele utyhala inxalenye emanzini kwaye ihamba phambili. Neliso isilwanyana ngexesha elifanayo zancitshiswa amaxesha 100-140 ngomzuzu. Ukufunda ubume Scyphozoa, umzekelo, okanye Rhizostoma Aurelia, siye saphawula izakhiwo yokwakheka ezinjengezo ulusu-kwimisipha sac. Le ibekwe kwi ectoderm, iiseli ezifanelekileyo ngamakhonkco alo efferent edge umbefu ifayibha kunye ezalathelwe uphuhliso. Excitation usasazwa ugqithiselwa ulusu-izihlunu izakhiwo, ukuze isambuleli leyo zixinaniswe, ngoko ugonyamelo, ihlaba isilwanyana phambili.

Iimpawu scyphoids eziphilayo

Ezi abameli yeklasi coelenterates eziqhelekileyo elwandle efudumeleyo, kwaye emanzini abandayo Arctic. Aurelia - Scyphozoa, isakhiwo omzimba safunda, ohlala Black, Azov. Kukho yandile kunye nezinye ummeli kule klasi - Rhizostoma (rizostoma). Milky Way-emhlophe neliso lakhe elintlangothi purple okanye oluhlaza protuberances isithinzi ngomlomo zifana iingcambu. Bakhenkethi kwi ngabakhenkethi eCrimea banolwazi kakuhle le hlobo kwaye uzame ukuba sokuhlambela abameli bakhe iiseli yezilwanyana abuhlungu kunokubangela "ukutsha 'komzimba. Ropilema, kwakunye Aurelia, uhlala kuLwandle Japan. Umbala pink lakhe rhopalium okanye omthubi, yaye Amahlathi ezininzi umnwe-like. Mesoglea neliso uhlobo zombini asetyenziswe ekhishini of China kunye Japan ngokuba "uboniso olunombala inyama."

Tsianeya - mmi emanzini abandayo Arctic, i-jellyfish inkulu. Ubude Mpondwana yayo ifikelela 30-35 m, kwaye ubukhulu isambuleli - 2-3.5 m Lion kaThixo Mane okanye tsianeya Xhonti uye zenyathi ezimbini :. Japanese kunye oluhlaza. Ubuhlungu iiseli abuhlungu ingabekwa kungqameko isambuleli naphezu nemisipha, kuyingozi kakhulu abantu.

Siye wafunda isakhiwo Scyphozoa, waza esazi awohluke embalwa yobomi babo.