Painter Diego Rivera: engobomi, ubuchule, ubomi yakho

artist Mexican Diego Rivera, ogama biography lizele iziganeko kunye izibakala eziphikisanayo, yenye amanani ixakayo kunye abadumileyo nezenkcubeko Mexico. umsebenzi, iimbono zakhe zezopolitiko kunye nobomi yakho ibe ngundaba-mlonyeni ngenxa kwisiqingatha sokuqala kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini kwaye nangoku kuxoxwa.

Esakhula wegcisa

Le muralist artist, nakwivukela kunduluka umonakalisi iintliziyo obhinqileyo, wazalelwa-8 Disemba 1886 kwidolophu Mexican ka Guanajuato. Yena wayeza kuba ngunozala i Mexican National School of Umzobo nabagxeki bakholelwe umxube frenzy banezimbo. Inkwenkwe ayikhange kwahluka impilo entle, kwaye amarhe ukuba wathi, njengomntwana wasinda wasinda. Diego Rivera awayezithanda zokubalisa amabali, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuba 1893 nentsapho yakhe bafudukela ezinkulu zesizwe - City Mexico. Emva kweminyaka 5, ngempumelelo waphumelela esikolweni, igcisa oselula wangena Academy of Arts of San Carlos. Eli ziko wanika umfana imfundo esemgangathweni ukuze phezu ekugqityweni kwayo, wakwazi ukufumana inkxaso-mali yokufunda. Ukuthatha ithuba, wahlabela mgama uhambo ukuya eSpeyin. Wandula ke waya eNgilani, Belgium, eHolland kunye Italy.

ubomi Personal "isidla-bantu"

Kuba ukuthanda kwabasetyhini kunye amakhonkco ezininzi Diego Rivera iye ngokuthi "i isidla-bantu". Yena wayethanda kukuveza abe elikhulu isele umlenze ucinezelo entliziyweni yomnye umntu. ukuphelela Natural iinkophe enzima wenza zifana nokuba ngaphandle azikaqapheleki. Ichaza ubomi lobuqu igcisa-neenkani, ngokuqhelekileyo ethetha ngomtshato wakhe Fridoy Karlo. Kodwa yena wayengenguye wokuqala, noko ke ndithanda ngokukodwa ke umfazi kuphela kubomi umdali. Ekuqaleni nabendileyo Diego Rivera oselula waya luthando neqhayiya wegcisa Russian Angelina Belova ngo-1911. Baba nonyana. Ufa kukukhanuka indoda betrayals olungenasiphelo inkanuko wemka Angelina, waya eMexico. Enye umtshato-obufutshane waphela ulwalamano Lupe Marin. I-Union ube yimpumelelo kwaye banika ihlabathi neentombi ezimbini.

Umfazi kunye nomhlobo

Ngo-1929, xa umtshato wesibini ulitshitshisile, wadibana umfazi yobomi bakhe ikhaya - Frida Carlo. Diego Rivera watshata intombazana oselula kunaye. Ngowe-1939 kwakukho umtshato, kodwa ngowe-1940 ukuba atshate. Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, Rivera wahlala Othanda umakhonya yaye uyakuthanda yabafazi. Walitshintsha abafazi, mistresses, lowo wazala abantwana bakhe abangengobakhe.

Relationship Diego kunye Frida zazala inkanuko, uthando, umona, kunye nokuxhatshazwa maxa wambi emzimbeni. Frida ngomonde olukhulu zanyangwa ukuya ezihlekisayo umyeni wakhe baqubuda umfanekiso wakhe oqingqiweyo, wabhala ezininzi portraits zakhe. Kodwa xa walitshintsha Frida udade wayo, uxolele Babengasayi, kwaye ngo-1939 ubuhlobo baphela up. ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, indoda ngokwakhe yokumngcikiva ukuba liwuqhawule umtshato, wacela umfazi wakhe ukuba abuyele kuye nayiphi na imiqathango. Yena wayilungiselela enesiqulatho mali wamnika nemfuneko enkulu. Imeko atshate yaba wokutyikitywa kwesivumelwano lomtshato, ngokubonelela ukulahlwa epheleleyo neentlobano zesini phakathi amaqabane. Kubomi bakhe lobuqu wahlala unxantathu Diego Rivera, umfazi kunye nenkosikazi.

Xa esi sibini wayengafumani bantwana, 2 Frida ukukhulelwa yaphela kwesisu. Ngowe-1954, Rivera waba umhlolo, yaye kamva wabonakala phezu kwingcinga yokuba wanceda umfazi wakhe ukuba afe, kodwa nto ngaphezu amarhe. De esi sibini yokugqibela kweentsuku odityanisiweyo iingcamango zobuKomanisi nokuxoxisana aziwayo ezopolitiko Russian.

Umculi kwezombangazwe

Ukusukela ekuqaleni imi--30 ka Diego Rivera uba yinkokeli ekuzibonakaliseni phakathi muralist Mexican. Nguye Ngokuqinisekileyo ngegcisa elinye edume kakhulu futhi impikiswano, sympathies ogama nopolitiko yobukomanisi, imizobo ebanyanzela omkhulu, imisebenzi zobuchule ovuthuzayo kunye nobomi ekuhlaleni wadala ukubonakala yingqondi. Ukusungulwa uyise intshukumo entsha zobugcisa zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini nalapha ngaphakatyhi kwatsala ingqalelo uluntu ehlabathini.

bt omkhulu eMelika uya kubanjwa ngo-1930 e San Francisco, yaye ngoDisemba 1931 kunye esitsholo entle umbukiso yakhe wedwa. Nakule iphela lwembali, kwaba mboniso lesibini umbhali efanayo. Bunobungangamela yokuqala enjalo inikezelwe Anri Matiss. Emva kokuba lo mboniso umzobi wathumela Detroit, apho wacelwa ngokobuqu Edsel Ford. Apha, xa intliziyo Melika zoshishino babecinga umzobi Diego Rivera wafumana umyalelo ukuze kuqaliswe imizobo ezoBugcisa Institute kumxholo "Detroit Industry". UHenry Ford wayesaziwa ngokuba lukhuni anti-Communist. Kweli thuba ukususela 1929 ukuya 1930 izityalo Ford wahlala kubabethi abangaphangeliyo amawaka aliqela. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba, nangona oku, Diego Rivera, ukubeka ngokwalo njengoko ukulwa ngenxa proletarita amalungelo, uyasamkela ucwangco kuyihlawula loo tycoon.

Inxalenye umzobo oseludongeni kunye nokwakheka sebali "Vaccination" kwabonakala njengesalathisi iconography ye Yokuzalwa, yaye oku kwavusa njengesiphango kubakho uqhankqalazo kumaphephandaba kunye nezangqa zonqulo nxamnye Moore. intlokoma elikhulu uluntu lube yinxenye ebalulekileyo esekelwe waza wamzisa Detroit uzuko elikhulu.

Man e Crossroads

Izimvo zopolitiko wegcisa kubonakala umsebenzi wakhe ngamanye amaxesha zibangela iingxabano beziindlobongela abathengi. Lo mfanekiso wasedongeni ebewenza "Indoda xa Crossroads, wakhangela kunye ithemba Ukukhethwa elizayo omtsha elingcono" yaba isizathu sokuba enye yezi meko. Umsebenzi kuwo yaqala ngoMatshi 1933. Le mpikiswano yenzeke xa ibakala ligqiza lokhetho, yaye ekugqibeleni waba enemibala umzobo oseludongeni kwi ukunyanzelisa lombhali. Kwakugcwele ezintathu. Xa iziko kukho umntu - inkosi izinto. Njengokuba umsebenzi umzobo oseludongeni iye ezinokuntsonkotha ngenxa yoko yaba imihlaba emibini juxtaposed. Kwelinye icala omnye neziyolo olobusoshiyali kwelinye - zamasikizi yongxowankulu. Phakathi abalinganiswa bade kubonakala abathile, efana kakhulu uLenin. Lo mzobo wawuza thaca kuluntu ukuvulwa kwesakhiwo Rockefeller Centre May 1, 1933. Kodwa yonke into ekhulayo scandal akazange avumele oku kwenzeke, kwaye nangona ukuba usapho Rockefeller uyakucinga iinketho ukugcina murali ngaphandle kwesakhiwo, kwagqitywa ukuba siyitshabalalise. Yaba ekubulaleni inkulu kumsebenzi Rivera kunye nezopolitiko.

Impembelelo umhlaba yobugcisa

"Diego kundinika ixhala. Wayinikela uzuko, wakhetha ukwenza oko Akwenzayo ngoku "- ngoko wathetha nomhlobo wakhe osenyongweni Alfonso Reyes. Akulula xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba Cubism ebalulekileyo Diego Rivera. Ukupeyinta "yokunqulwa Onyulu" yaye "Le ntombazana nge iziqhamo" abonisa intshukumo ngayo umbhali kweli cala. A inkalo yomsebenzi kutshanje uye gqitha ukuqonda isithuba, nangona kude cubism. Kuyo yonke le misebenzi, ugxininiso le womzobi kwi intshukumo kunye nokuqhama landscape.

nempembelelo ebalulekileyo ukuyilwa Diego Rivera waba uhlobo classical yaseYurophu yokudweba. Xesha apho kungazotywa imifanekiso XIV - XVI eminyaka wanika ukutya kakhulu engqondo kunye negalelo kwimpumelelo esekelwe Diego. Ukususela ku-1940, ukuba baphumelele elininzi ngomfanekiso, kangangokuba wamenywa ukuba asebenze kwi-Exhibition yeHlabathi e San Francisco, ibe kamva weza urhulumente ukupeyinta National Ibhotwe e City Mexico.

Ukuzaliswa indlela

Diego Rivera wafa November 24, 1957 kwisiXeko Mexico waza wangcwatywa Rotunda abaculi abaziwayo. Yena akuhambisani lonke. Kunye nokuzimisela ukwenza imiyalelo ongxowankulu, bemzukisa olobusoshiyali, ukunamathela iimbono wamaKomanisi. Ke wathanda abafazi, kodwa wabatshabalalisa nakwizibetho zabo kunye nobomi kunye inkanuko efanayo ngayo zipeyintwe portraits zabo. Diego Rivera, indlela apho kungabi ngaphambi okanye emva, ayikwazanga ukuphinda ngegcisa elinye abashiya ngasemva izinto ezininzi kunye yentsumantsumane kwiinkulungwane eziliqela akayi kuba ngokwaneleyo ukuze uzisombulule.

Emva umhlala eneminyaka engama-70, yena nje wasinda ngumfazi wakhe amthandayo - Frida kwaye yashiya ilifa esixabisekileyo kwinkcubeko, imbali, ezopolitiko, kwaye iintliziyo zabo bamthandayo.