Ubume beBrach "IJardin of Distances '": umlando wobugcisa

I-Hieronymus Bosch (1450-1516) inokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo yongaphambili kwezinto ezithandwayo, izidalwa ezingaqhelekanga zazalelwa engqondweni yakhe. Umzobo wakhe - umqondiso weemfundiso ezifihlakeleyo eziyimfihlo: i-alchemy, i-astrology, imilingo emnyama. Wayengayifumana njani emlilweni we-Inquisition, eyayisetyenziswa ngexesha layo, ngakumbi eSpeyin? Abantu beli lizwe babenokholo oluqinileyo lwenkolo. Kanti uninzi lwayo msebenzi useSpain. Imihla emininzi yemisebenzi ayifuni, kwaye umculi ngokwakhe akabanikanga amagama kubo. Akukho mntu owaziyo umdwebo kaBosch othi "IJardin of Distances" ebizwa ngegama, ifoto Ngubani omele apha, ngumculi ngokwakhe.

Abaxhasi

Ukongeza kubathengi ekhaya, umculi unqulo olunzulu unabo abalandeli abaphezulu bemisebenzi yakhe. Kwamanye amazwe, ubuncinane ezintathu zemizobo zazingekho kwiqoqo leCardinal Domenico Grimani. Ngo-1504, uKumkani waseCastile, uFilipu uMhle, wammisela umsebenzi "Inkundla kaThixo ehleli eParadesi, naseHoleni". Ngo-1516 udadewabo uMargarita wase-Austria - "Isivivinyo saseSt. Antonia ". Abahlalutyi bakholelwa ukuba umdwebi wachaza ngokucacileyo isiGrike okanye isithwathwa kubo bonke aboni. Iingqungquthela ezisixhenxe eziphambili, ngenxa yokufumana udumo olugqithisiweyo, zigcinwa kwiimyuziyam ezininzi kwihlabathi. Kwi Prado igcinwa umfanekiso ka Bosch "Umyezo wezinto ezilungileyo zasemhlabeni". Lo msebenzi unenani elingaqhelekanga lokutolika ngabagxeki bezobugcisa. Bangaphi abantu - ezininzi iingcamango.

Imbali

Omnye ukholelwa ukuba umfanekiso kaBosch "Umyezo Wemihlaba Ephakazelisayo" - sebenzisa kwangaphambili, umntu-emva kwexesha. Xa ufunda iipaneli ze-oak ebhaliweyo, ingaba malunga nama-1480-1490 iminyaka. Kwi Prado, umhla u-1500-1505 phantsi kwe-triptych.

Abanikazi bokuqala bomsebenzi babengamalungu endlu yaseNassau (eJamani). NgoWilhelm Ndabuyela eNetherlands. Kwibhotwe labo eBrussels, watyelelwa ngu-bichographer wokuqala weBosch, oye waya kwikhaya likaKardinal Luis Aragon ngo-1517. Washiya inkcazo ecacileyo ye-triptych, engavumelekanga ukungathandabuzeki ukuba phambi kwakhe ngokwenene imifanekiso kaBosch "IJardin of Distances".

Ilifa lakwa-Wilhelm Rene de Chalon, laza ladlulela ezandleni zeDuke wase-Alba ngexesha lemfazwe eFlanders. Ngaphezu koko, umbusi wamshiya kumntwana wakhe ongekho mthethweni uDon Fernando, umfundisi we-Order of St. John. UKumkani uFilipu II waseSpanish, obizwa ngokuba nguConferensi, wayifumana kwaye wayithumela kwi-monastery yase-Escorial ngoJulayi 8, 1593. Oku kuphantse kwindlu yasebukhosini.

Umsebenzi uchazwa njengomdwebo emthini onamaqabunga amabini. Umfanekiso omkhulu wabhalwa ngu Bosch - "Umyezo wezinto ezilungileyo zasemhlabeni". Ubungakanani bomfanekiso: ipaneli ephambili - i-220 x 194 cm, iipaneli zecala - 220 x 97.5 cm. Isazi semfundiso yenkolo yaseSpain uJose de Siguenza samnika inkcazo enzulu nenkcazelo. Nangona kunjalo, kwaye kwaxatyiswa njengomsebenzi onobuchule kunye nolwazi onokuzicingela. Kwi-inventory ye-1700, kuthiwa "Ukudala kwehlabathi." Ngo-1857 igama lakhe langoku livela- "IJardin of Distances". Ngowe-1939, ukubuyiselwa kwendwangu yabuyiselwa eProdo. Kulapho umfanekiso uphakanyisiwe ukuya kutsho namhlanje.

I-triptych evalelwe

Iingcango ezivaliweyo zibonisa i-globe kwindawo evulekileyo, ebonisa ukutshatyalaliswa kwendalo yonke. Akukho bantu okanye izilwanyana kuwo. Ipeyinti emhlophe, imibala emhlophe kunye emnyama, kuthetha ukuba akukho nanye ilanga okanye inyanga, kwaye idala ukungafani ngokugqithisileyo nehlabathi eliqaqambileyo xa i-triptych ivuliwe. Le yosuku lwesithathu lokudala. Inombolo 3 ibonwa njengento epheleleyo kwaye igqibeleleyo, kuba iqulethe ngokwayo kokuqala nokuphela. Xa izivali zivaliwe, ke le yunithi, oko kukuthi, ukuphelela. Kwinqona ephezulu ekhohlo kukho umfanekiso kaThixo nge-tiara kunye neBhayibhile eguqa ngamadolo. Kuphezulu ungayifunda ibinzana kwisiLatin kwiNdumiso 33, ekuguqukiseni ithetha ukuba: "Wathi, kwaye kwenzelwe. Wamyalela, kwaye yonke into yadalwa. " Ezinye iinguqulelo zimela uMhlaba emva kokukhukula.

Vula i-triptych

Umdwebi usinika izipho ezintathu. Iphaneli lasekhohlo ngumfanekiso we-Eden ngosuku lokugqibela lokudala kunye noAdam noEva. Inxalenye ephambili yintlanzi yazo zonke iinjabulo eziphathekayo ezibonisa ukuba umntu ulahlekelwe ngubabalo. Ngakwesokudla, umbukeli ubona iHerne, i-apocalyptic nekhohlakeleyo, apho umntu eyohlwaya ngonaphakade ukuze ahlale ezonweni.

Iphaneli lasekhohlo: Umyezo wase-Eden

Phambi kwethu iPharadesi esemhlabeni. Kodwa ayikho into ecacileyo kwaye ayinayo. Kwinqanaba likaThixo libonakaliswe ngesizathu esithile ngohlobo lukaYesu Kristu. Uyambamba uEva ngesandla, eguqa phambi ko-Adam wamanga.

Abafundisi belo xesha baxubushe ngokukrakra ukuba loo mfazi wayenomphefumlo. Xa umntu wadalwa, uThixo waphefumlela umphefumlo ku-Adam, kodwa emva kokudalwa kukaEva oku kwakungekho nto. Ngako oko, ukuthula kwavumela abaninzi ukuba bakholelwe ukuba umfazi akanakho umphefumlo. Ukuba umntu unako ukumelana nesono esigxina inxalenye ebalulekileyo, ngoko umfazi akazibambeli kwisono: akanalo umphefumlo, kwaye uzele isilingo sathana. Oku kuya kuba enye yeenguqu ukusuka eParadesi ukuya kwisono. Izono zabesetyhini: iinambuzane kunye nezilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo ezihamba emhlabathini, kunye nama-amphibians kunye neentlanzi ezijikelezayo emanzini. Le ndoda ayinasono - iingcamango zakhe ezimbi zihamba ngeentaka ezimnyama, izinambuzane kunye neentonga.

IParadesi nokufa

Kuphakathi kukho umthombo onjenge-pink phallus, kwaye kukho kukho isikhomba esisebenzela ububi kwaye sibonakalisa apha ubulumko ngaphandle kobubudenge nangobumpumputhe obungokomoya kunye nobubi bento yonke esemhlabeni. Ukongezelela, uBostiary Bosch uzaliswe ngabalimi, udla amaxhoba abo. Kodwa ngaba kwenzeka into enjalo eParadesi, apho bonke baphila ngokuthula kwaye abazi ukufa?

Imithi eParadesi

Umthi ontle, ohlala kufuphi no-Adam, uhlanganiswe neidiya, ezifanekisela ukuzonwabisa ngokwenyama. Umthi wesiqhamo esinqatshelwe wawujikelezwe yinyoka. I-Eden inezinto zonke eziya kwiindawo zobomi emhlabeni.

Isango eliphakathi

Apha abantu, banqwenela ukukhanukela, baya ngqo ekubhujisweni. Isikhundla sigcwala ukunyuka, okwenziwe ihlabathi lonke. Lo bu buhedeni. Kukho umboniso wesondo kuzo zonke iifom. Izigcawu ze-Erotic zihlala kunye neentlobo zesini nesini. Kukho i-onanists. Ukunxibelelana ngokwesondo phakathi kwabantu, izilwanyana kunye nezityalo.

Izithelo kunye namajikijolo

Zonke iibroji kunye neziqhamo (i-cherries, i-raspberries, iidiliya kunye ne "strawberries" - ukucaciswa kwexesha elicacileyo), eliqondakalayo kumntu ophakathi, luphawu lwezinto ezithandekayo zesondo. Ngexesha elifanayo, ezi ziqhamo zifanekisela ukuhamba, kuba iintsuku ezimbalwa zibola. Nenyoni ngakwesobunxele ibonisa ukuziphatha okubi nokungaziphathi kakuhle.

Iinqanawa ezicacileyo kunye ne-opaque

Kucacile ukuba zithathwe kwi-alchemy kwaye zifana nezibhulu, kunye ne-hemispheres. Ezi zigibe zomntu, apho angayi kuphuma khona.

Iimithombo kunye nemilambo

Igumbi elijikelezayo kwiziko lizaliswe ngokubanzi ngamanani amabhinqa. Iinqwelo zamahashe abesilisa kwizilwanyana ezithathwe kwizilwanyana zasendle (leopards, panthers, iilons, bears, unicorns, inyamazane, iimbongolo, iigriffins), ezichazwa njengezimboli zokukhanga, zidlula ngaphantsi kwimijikelezo yenkanuko. Oku kulandelayo ibhondi ibhola eluhlaza, apho kukho indawo yezenzo ezingcolileyo zabalinganiswa beenkanuko.

Kwaye akusiyo yonke into eboniswe kwiHeronymus Bosch. "Umyezo wezinto zokuzonwabisa zasemhlabeni" - umfanekiso ongabonakali izitho zesini zesini kunye namabhinqa. Mhlawumbi lo mdwebi wazama ukugxininisa ukuba bonke abantu babandakanyeka kwaye benza inxaxheba kwisono.

Oku akuyona inkcazo epheleleyo yepaneli ephakathi. Ngenxa yokuba unokuchaza imilambo emine yeParadesi ne-2 iMesopotamiya, kunye nokungabikho kwezifo, ukufa, abantu abadala, abantwana kunye noEva kwinqona elisezantsi elisekhohlo, elithintele kwisilingo, kwaye ngoku abantu bahamba behamba beze bahlazeke.

Umbala

Umbala oluhlaza uhamba phambili. Waba ngumqondiso wothando, uhlaza okomhlaza umele umhlaba kunye nezinto ezinonwabo (ukutya amajikijolo ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye neziqhamo, ukudlala ngamanzi alubhakabhaka). Olubomvu, njengoko kunjalo, unomdla. Ubomvu obunobomi buba ngumthombo wobomi.

Iphiko lokunene: iHolesi yomculo

Ingxenye ephezulu ye-triptych elungileyo yenziwe ngamanqaku amnyama, ahlukileyo kunye namacembe amabini angaphambili. Umphezulu utyhafile, uxhalabile. Ubumnyama bobusuku bubethelwa ngumbane wokukhanya ovela entangatyeni. Ukusuka ezindlwini ezivuthayo ziphuma emifuleni yomlilo. Ukususela kwimbonakalo yayo, amanzi abe mhlophe, njengegazi. Umlilo uya kutshabalalisa yonke into. Kuyo yonke indawo i-chaos kunye nokudideka.

Inxalenye ephambili yinqabileyo yeqanda evulekile enentloko yomntu. Ukhangele ngqo kumbukeli. Kulo ntloko yidisk ngokudansa imiphefumlo yesono phantsi kweembhobho. Ngaphakathi komthi womntu ngumphefumlo emphakathini weedemon kunye needemon. Ngaphambi kwakho - isahluko somfanekiso ka Bosch "Umyezo Wemihlaba Ephakazelisayo." Izizathu zokuba kukho ezininzi izixhobo zomculo esihogweni zicacileyo. Umculo yizinto ezononophelo zesono ezithatha abantu kwizinto eziphathekayo ngokwenyama. Ngako oko, izixhobo zomculo zaba zixhobo zokuhlushwa: omnye umoni obethelelwe esiphambanweni kwihabhu, kumabhokhwe omnye kunye neenkcukacha ezinobumba obomvu obushushu, iyesithathu zibophelelwe kwisibilini.

Akunakunqandwa ngamagundane. Intloko inentloko yeentaka idla amaqatha.

Ihagu kwisambatho se-nun ayishiyi indoda yayo engenakunceda.

Inkolelo engapheliyo ye-I. Bosch inikeza isixa esikhulu sezohlwayo zezono zasemhlabeni. Akuyona ingozi ukuba u-Adu ubandakanye ukubaluleka kakhulu ku-Bosch. NgeMinyaka Ephakathi, ukulawula umhlambi, womelezwa, okanye kunokuba ukhule ube yayizikhulu, ubungakanani bomtyholi. Isihogo kunye nomtyholi waba ngumbuso ophezulu kwihlabathi, kwaye kuphela isibheno kubakhonzi becawa, ngokuqinisekileyo, ngemali, ingabasindisa kubo. Eyona sininzi yesono izono zibonakaliswe, imali eyongezelelweyo iya kufumana icawa.

UYesu ngokwakhe akakwazanga ukucinga ukuba ingelosi yayiza kuba yindlovu, kwaye esikhundleni sokumemeza uthando kunye nobubele kummelwane wakhe, ibandla liya kuthetha ngokucacileyo ngezono kuphela. Kwaye kungcono umshumayeli, ngakumbi kwiintetho zakhe yintetho malunga nokulindela umoni wezohlwayo ezingenakukugwema.

Ngomngcipheko omkhulu wesono, uJerome Bosch wabhala, "IJardin of Earthly Distances." Inkcazo yomfanekiso inikezelwa ngasentla. Kunokuthobeka kakhulu, kuba akukho mntu uya kukwazi ukutyhila yonke imifanekiso. Lo msebenzi ucela ukucinga ngcamango ngawo. I-"Bos Garden of Distances" ye-Bosch kuphela yekhwalithi ephakamileyo iya kuvumela ukuba iqwalasele ngokupheleleyo zonke iinkcukacha. UHeronymus Bosch wasishiya misebenzi yakhe emininzi. Le ngu-25 kuphela imizobo kunye nemifanekiso engu-8. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, imisebenzi eyona mkhulu uBroch abhaliweyo, ubugcisa buyiyo:

• "Voz sena", iMadrid, i-Escorial.
• "Ubethelwe uMartyr", iNtloko yeenja, iVenice.
• "Umyezo wezolo lonwabo", eMadrid, ePrado.
• "Isigwebo sokugqibela", eVienna.
• "Iingcingo ezingcwele", iNtloko yeenja, iVenice.
• "Isilingo sikaSanta Saint", eLisbon.
• "Ukubonga kweMagi", eMadrid, ePrado.

Zizo zonke izibingelelo ezinkulu ze-altare. Ukufanekisa kwabo akusoloko kuqondakala ngexesha lethu, kodwa abahlali beBosch bawafunda njengencwadi evulekile.