Ubuchule kunye biography of Shillera Fridriha

Classic eyaziwayo uncwadi hlabathi Friedrich Schiller. Biography kunye nemisebenzi ungubani abe neenkani, indoda alizithathi ngokwayo kweli xesha jikelele sikweni kwempahla feudal. ubomi bakhe feat bachukunyiswa nditsho losapho lobukumkani, leyo uchaze ngezantsi. Ubomi imbongi wemidlalo ngokwayo ufana idrama wokubonelwa, apho italente ziyasokola kucalu-calulo, ubuhlwempu kunye kweWCED.

BaseYurophu baye bakhetha umhobe ye-European Union yayo "ode Uvuyo." Beka umculo Lyudvigom Van nguBeethoven, ukuba lalivakala amisiweyo, sublime.

Ubungqondi lo mntu wavela imbongi ezininzi, umbhali, enye ingcali yale zobugcisa, a elilwela amalungelo oluntu.

wazalwa unfree

Xa Shiller Fridrih wazalelwa eJamani, kwaba sekunjalo serfdom mlonyeni.

Izifundo izinduna asikwazanga kuhla ngaphaya impahla ye suzerain yakhe. Kwaye ukuba loo kwenzeka, ngoko ke abasabileyo babuya ngenkani. Citizen wayengakwazi atshintshe umsebenzi wakhe ngawo 'wanamathela "feudal okanye batshate ngaphandle kwemvume yenkosi yakhe. Kule ngokomthetho nightmarish, ufana ebuhlanti yentsimbi, ukuhlala Friedrich Schiller.

Uye waba Classic, gxebe, kungekhona kuluntu lwanamhlanje waseJamani, kodwa nangona. Frederick, ngokomfanekiso, wakwazi ukungena etempileni wobugcisa ucango luvaliwe kuye ngurhulumente kunye iintsalela zamaXesha Aphakathi.

Kuphela ngo 1807 (Schiller wafa ngo-1805), Prussia owakubhangisayo okunene serfdom.

abazali

Schiller biography iqala kwi Duchy of Württemberg (Marbach mna Neckar), apho wazalelwa kwi 11.10.1759, kusapho kwegosa, nomncedisi zonyango regimental Ioganna Kaspara Schiller. Umama Imbongi elizayo wayevela kwintsapho oosokhemisti kunye Abanini bezi ndawo. Igama lakhe Elizabeth Dorothea Kodvays. Endlwini abazali bakhe yaba umoya yentlupheko ezihlambulukileyo, icocekile kwaye ekrelekrele.

Uyise nonina uJohann Kristofa Fridriha von Schiller (eli ligama epheleleyo ezakudala) babeyithanda gqitha icawa kwaye ngomoya ofanayo abantwana. Pope wembongi, oyinzalelwane usapho zewayini-wokwenza umlimi, nethamsanqa lokufumana imfundo lonyango. Waba igosa enkosini yakhe, ekrelekrele, kodwa hayi free. Yena utshintshe indawo yakhe yokuhlala, iofisi, emva ukuthanda kwenkosi yakhe.

ukubunjwa

Xa lo mfana wayeneminyaka emihlanu ubudala, intsapho yakowabo yafudukela kwisixeko okwilizwe efanayo Lorch. Uyise apho breech indawo recruiter ukubuthwa. iminyaka emithathu yokuqala yemfundo cawa yobugcisa Friedrich Lorch bazibandakanya umfundisi, indoda elungileyo, owaba nako umdla inkwenkwe e Latin, isiJamani, kunye secawa.

Xa i-Schiller ezisixhenxe kunye nentsapho yakhe bafudukela baseLudwigsburg, wakwazi ukufunda kwisikolo Latin. 23, lo mfana Wabufunda isiqinisekiso (ilungelo lokuya umthendeleko). Ekuqaleni wayefuna ukuba abe ngumbingeleli, elandela charism abanakekeli babo.

despot wobukhosi

Biography of Schiller ebutsheni bakhe uye waba uthotho ukubandezeleka ngenxa yokusilela uya itshawe of Württemberg. Wayalela serf kwakhe ukufunda umthetho kwi nesikolo wamajoni kwikhono lezomthetho. Schiller ababa nakuhlala ubomi bomnye umntu, ukungawuthobeli izifundo. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, lo mfana yokugqibela kuluhlu iqela labalingane zabantu-18.

Ngo-1776 waye wajoyina i-becala amayeza, waba nomdla ekufundeni apha. Kodwa medicine ekufundiseni umdla kwakhe izifundo minor - bulumko, uncwadi. Ngowe-1777, iphephancwadi solid "isiJamani Chronicle" epapashwe umsebenzi wokuqala ode i Schiller mfana "koloyiso", ebhalwe bexelisa imbongi oyintanda Friedrich Klopstock.

Biography of Schiller, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo ivela ngasentla, hayi ibali "majeure". Man, asithotyelwa kunye neemfuno ukuba igqwetha, wathabatha ukungathandi ukuya luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi-uzwilakhe. intando yakhe graduate eneminyaka engama-29 ubudala of the Academy oyedwa kuphela ugqirha regimental, ngaphandle irenki igosa ngayo. Despot kwabonakala ukuba nako enyelisa ubomi umfana ngehlazo, kodwa Friedrich Schiller wayesele waziva amandla italente yakhe.

Talent uthi ngokwayo

wemidlalo nyaka-32 ubudala wabhala umdlalo "nabaphangi". Akukho mshicileli e Stuttgart akazibopheleli ukupapasha umsebenzi esinzulu onjalo yekhoboka, esoyika ungquzulwano ne-onamandla onke iNkosana Württemberg. Ukubonisa unyamezelo, evakalisa ngokwawo kuluntu, oko zabavakalisa ngokwayo Friedrich Schiller. ngobomi bakhe njenge umbhali luqala lo msebenzi.

ummi Saucy, ubani umdlalo "kubaphangi?" ngeendleko zakhe, yaba ophumeleleyo. Ke Kwangaphambili wathumela kuye isipho. Odolwe kumthengisi weencwadi umhlobo bamfaka kwebala kunye leengcali Akunguye Baron von Dalberg, lolawulo Mayngemskim yeqonga. Drama emva bobuyekezo ezincinane waba yimbalasane yeqonga lonyaka olandelayo Prussia!

Umbhali lugubungela isibindi, yena iindywala in kwetalente. Kwangaxesha nye, Schiller wapapasha ukuqokelelwa yakhe yokuqala yemibongo, "Anthology ka-1782". Ubonakala azuzwe nayiphi na ubude! Yena nendandikhuphisana lobuntshatsheli esikolweni Swabian kwimibongo kunye Gothaldom Shteydlinom ngaphambili akhululwe yakhe "Ukuqokelelwa umculo." Ukunika umfanekiso kwihlazo kokuqokelelwa yakhe, imbongi ibonisa indawo wokupapashwa, Tobolsk.

Intshutshiso sibalekele

Schiller biography kweli xesha kuphawulwa ukusabela banal County Palatinate. Eli nyathelo kuyingozi wagqiba ekubeni 22.09.1782, kunye nomhlobo wakhe Streicher, nomdlali nomqambi. INkosana Württemberg waba bezibhekiselwe ngokuzama ukuguqula sakudala elizayo kwi campaigner zobuncwane.

Schiller wanxiba iiveki ezimbini uBrigadier ngokuba washiya webutho ezityeleleyo imveliso wokubonelwa of "nabaphangi". Ngelo xesha ke akuvumelekile ukubhala.

Zihlobo, hayi ngaphandle sizathu sakoyika ubuqhinga yi iNkosana. Schiller walitshintsha igama ku Schmidt. Ngoko ke wahlala hayi kwisixeko Mannheim, kwaye yokutyela "iyadi Hunter kaThixo" kwilali ipoma Oggersgeym.

Schiller wayenethemba ukwenza umdlalo ebhaliweyo omtsha "Liyelenqe of Fiesco e Genoa." Nangona kunjalo, intlawulo wabonakala elusizi. Ukuba ubuhlwempu, kwanyanzeleka ukuba ucele uncedo Henriette von Valtsogen. Yena ngesisa ukuba ekuchubekeni ukuhlala kwilifa lakhe ezingenabantu.

Ukuhlala phantsi igama kucingelwa

Ukususela 1782 ukuya 1783 kwilifa Yayizimele phantsi wasentsomini igama benefactress uGqr Ritter Friedrich Schiller. ngobomi bakhe kweli xesha - inkcazo ngobomi unguGxothiwe, iingozi abanyulwa, ukuze sibe nako ukuphuhlisa italente zabo. Wafunda imbali kwaye babhala umdlalo "Luisa Miller" yaye "Liyelenqe of Fiesco e Genoa." Ukuze imbeko umhlobo wakhe, Andreya Shtreyhera, ngubani yayinegunya imigudu elinzima Mannheim theatre kumlawuli, uBaron von Dalberg, watsalela ingqalelo umsebenzi kwabanye. Schiller uthi ileta eya Baron edlalwa yakhe entsha, yaye uyavuma ukuba kubahlangula ekhaya!

Ngeli xesha (1983) ilifa watyelela Henriette von Valtsogen nentombi yakhe eselula uCharlotte. Schiller ndathandana intombi waza wacela unina ukuba imvume ukutshata naye kodwa wala ngenxa nobuhlwempu bawo. Wafudukela Mannheim ukulungiselela imisebenzi yabo ekuqulunqeni.

Ukufumana inkululeko. Ukufumana izikhundla esemthethweni

Ukuba udlala "Liyelenqe of Fiesco e Genoa" kwi nqanaba yeqonga ka Mannheim ubaleka ngathi ingxelo, i "Luisa Miller" (renamed "ngamayelenqe Nothando") kuzisa hit enkulu. Ngowe-1784 Schiller Asikokungena uluntu waseJamani wendawo afumane ilungelo lokuba semthethweni isimo sabo, babe izifundo Palatinate, yaye ekugqibeleni ukrwele umgca phantsi xanisiwa ka kweNkosana.

ukuba kwakhe imibono yakhe kuphuhliso yeqonga eJamani, ohlonelwa njenge ekuchubekeni odumileyo. Uthi umsebenzi wakhe 'Theatre - iziko yokuziphatha, "iye yaba Classic.

Kungekudala Schiller uqala luyinto elifutshane umfazi otshatileyo uCharlotte von Kalb. Umbhali, yakuthobela nobugqi, wayephila ubomi bohemian. Imbongi Young eli nenekazi wabona njengoko indebe yakhe elilandelayo uthotho kwabasetyhini loyiso.

Yena wazisa Schiller e Darmstadt kunye iTshawe uKarl Agasti. Yena wemidlalo ukufunda isenzo sokuqala yedrama "Don Carlos." Imangalisiwe baziyolisa italente yombhali, amanene unikwe ngentsika ngumcebisi yombhali. Oku kwanika ekuchubekeni iwonga ekuhlaleni, hayi ngaphezulu. Noko ke, oku akuzange ukutshintsha ubomi bakhe.

Kungekudala Schiller uxabana acazulule isivumelwano kunye nomlawuli we-Mannheim yeqonga. Umbhali iqwalasela ngemise- benzi yakhe hit kuxhomekeke ukuthanda kwakhe yaye nemali uzama ukuba noxinzelelo Schiller.

Leipzig uthatha imbongi lithemba

Bonke ubomi efanayo bazigqwethele kokwabo ukutshabalala wahlala Friedrich Schiller. Ibali lobomi bakhe ingelilo ixesha lokuqala ekulungiseleleni ngesibetho ebomini bakhe. Ngenxa intlupheko yena uyakhanyela watshata NjengoMargarita Shvan, intombi a umthengisi enkundleni. Noko ke, kungekudala ubomi bakhe iyatshintsha ukuba ngcono. E Leipzig, sasibuxabisa umsebenzi wakhe.

Wemidlalo kudala gqolo bamenywa ukuba abalandeli umsebenzi wakhe, ihlelwe kuluntu olawulwa Gottfried Kerner. Ithathwe ngokugqithileyo (nangoku engahlawulanga ityala wakhe guilder 200, ethathwa ngokuba upapasho "nabaphangi '), umbhali wabhenela kubalandeli yalo isicelo soncedo-mali. Wavuya, kungekudala wafumana oyilwayo evela Leipzig kwi imali eyaneleyo yokuhlawula amatyala aze afudukele apho noku. Ubuhlobo Gottfried Kerner ziyahlonelwa ebotshiwe bonke ubomi bakhe.

17.04.1785 uMnu Schiller uza kwisixeko amukela.

Ngeli xesha a classic okwesihlandlo sesithathu uwe, kodwa kwakhona watsho: akavumi kaMagarita Shvan. Xa wahamba ngendlela esithokothokweni black zakudala ivelisa imiphumo eyingenelo injinga wakhe, Gottfried Körner. Yena alifuni umhlobo naye ngokuzibulala ukuqalisa ngokumema ukuya kumtshato intonga Frederick Minna.

Ulwalamano kunye usindileyo nengxaki enkulu yokomoya, kuba kumtshato umhlobo wakhe wabhala ode okuqaqambileyo "Ku Uvuyo" yi F. Schiller.

Biography of umbhali bazinzile isimemo ye ezikufutshane efanayo Kerner kwilali Dresden Loschwitz, ziphawulwe ngemisebenzi emihle :. "zefilosofi Iileta", idrama "Le Misanthrope", njengoko ufakelwe izilungiso umdlalo "Don Carlos" Xa iziqhamo okudala eli thuba kufana Boldin Autumn Pushkin.

Schiller yaziwa. ephikisa umbhali anika eHamburg yokubonela kwango udlala yakhe. iinkumbulo fresh kakhulu neenzima intsebenziswano zahlukane nenkqubo Mannheim yeqonga.

Weimar xesha: a Utyeshelo lomqathango yobuciko. tuberculosis

Yena 08/21/1787 efika e Weimar kwi isimemo imbongi Christoph Wieland. Yena sikhatshwa yinkosikazi, nomhlobo omdala, uCharlotte von Kalb. Ukuba ngokuphathelene amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu, loo nto wazisa Schiller kunye eziphambili ababhali yaseJamani uJohann umalusi kunye noMartin Wieland.

Imbongi waqala ukupapasha eli phephancwadi "thalia", yashicilelwa kwi "isiJamani Mercury". Apha Isuka phantse elishumi yomsebenzi, ukuba kufundiswe thina kwimbali. nobuchule bakhe uxatyiswa kakhulu, yaye ngo-1788 waba unjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi Jena.

Yena ezifundisa kwimbali kunye nemibongo yehlabathi, litolika "Aeneid" yi Virgil. Schiller abafumana umvuzo we-200 thalers ngonyaka. Le mali encane, kodwa ivumela ukuba ukucwangcisela ixesha elizayo.

Ngoko ugqiba kwelokuba amalungiselelo ubomi babo aze atshate uCharlotte von lengefeld. Kodwa emva kweminyaka emine yobomi kuzisa iimvavanyo ezintsha: ukuthetha okufundela ezibandayo wathelela ngumfundi bakhe, babaphatha nesifo sephepha Friedrich Schiller. olunomdla ngobomi show yakhe charisma, ingqibelelo yomntu. Izifo osibonayo umsebenzi wakhe wokufundisa, riveted ukuya kulala, kodwa bayahlelwa inxalenye bathuleyo lokuwina isibindi yabantu.

A nqanaba entsha wekamva

Njengoko xa igagasi amandla ephakamileyo, ngelixa wakowabo ukumnceda. Naku ke ngoku, xa sifo kuye kukhokelele nakwenzeka yomsebenzi Schiller kaThixo, umbhali Danish UJens Holstein Baggens bacenga Prince kwaye Bala Schimmelmann isabelo ziyahlonelwa ngenxa yonyango inkxaso iwaka thalers.

Iron uya kwaye uncedo-mali wamvusa isigulane Umbhede ezinyaweni zakhe. Wayengakwazi ukufundisa, kunye nomhlobo wakhe, umvakalisi Iogann Kotta wanika ithuba ukuze baziphilise. Kungekudala Schiller isa neqonga elitsha ingqondo yemveli. Yena ngalisayo luqala isiganeko kabuhlungu: imbongi ebizwa ubawo nezibi, ngelo xesha kuhlala baseLudwigsburg.

Lo msitho kulindeleke: pre uyise ixesha elide yaye ugula kakhulu. Classic kodwa filial emsebenzini - ukuze kuthi ndlela-ntle kuyise, kwaye zatsala ithuba ukwanga kunye azithuthuzele noodade bakhe abathathu kunye nonina, lowo angambonanga iminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo!

Mhlawumbi yiloo nto ke ngokwakhe, kunye nomfazi wakhe, ukuba ndingahlangani karhulumente.

Ukuhlala ezweni lawo encinane, imbongi wafumana stimulus ngokomoya enamandla - ukukhulisa ubuchule.

Emva kwenyanga enesiqingatha emva komngcwabo kayise, wayetyelela mater wakhe uAlma, i-akhademi emkhosini. He umangale yinyaniso ukuba isithixo abafundi. Bayabulisa kuye ngomdla: phambi kwawo banentsomi - Shiller Fridrih, yimbongi inombolo 1 Prussia. Moved yakudala emva kolu tyelelo wabhala umsebenzi yakhe edumileyo "Iileta kwi zobuhle Education of Man."

Ngo baseLudwigsburg ozelwe amazibulo akhe. Ekugqibeleni yena onwabile. Kodwa ukuba aphile iminyaka esixhenxe kuphela kwasala kuye ...

Imbongi babuyela kwisixeko Jena, kwimo ngefuthe yoyilo. italente yayo nesindindeneyo kukhanya unamandla ahlaziyiweyo! Schiller, emva kweshumi olunzulu Ukufunda imbali, theory iincwadi, bayo, ubuyela umbongo kwakhona.

Wakwazi ukutsala onke iimbongi ilungileyo Prussia ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kule magazini "NG". Ngowe-1795, ukususela usiba lwakhe ngaphandle imisebenzi bulumko yesihobe, "Le Dance", "Isihobe wobomi", "Ithemba", "Le Genius", "Ulwahlulwa-lizwe."

Intsebenziswano Goethe

Phakathi Schiller bayamenywa "Ora" Journal of iimbongi yaye uJohann Wolfgang von Goethe. wangena impendulo, nto leyo eye yavusa indalo neyeeperile ezininzi nanto nezidanga yoncwadi lwamandulo German kwinkulungwane XVIII umphefumlo zabo zokuyila.

Baye umbono oqhelekileyo amaxabiso civilizational ye-French Revolution, iindlela kuphuhliso loncwadi eJamani, a zokwazisela yobugcisa yamandulo. Goethe kunye Schiller wagxeka utoliko iincwadi wanamhla, zonqulo, ezopolitiko, ubuhle kunye nemibuzo bulumko. Xa iileta yazo ndamgocagoca ngenkuthalo yokuziphatha kunye yoluntu. imbongi ezimbini brilliant, wanyula intshukumo yoncwadi, bakhuphisana kuphuhliso yayo;

• ukusukela ngoDisemba 1795 - ngokubhala epigrams;
• ngo-1797 - xa ezimnandi yokubhala.

imbalelwano Friendly of Goethe kunye Schiller ngumzekelo ephawulekayo sobugcisa epistolary.

Isigaba sokugqibela lomsebenzi. Weimar

Ngowe-1799 wabuyela Weimar Friedrich Schiller. Imisebenzi ebhalwe nguye kwaye Goethe aba uphuhliso yokubonela waseJamani. Baba isiseko ekudaleni emangazayo yeqonga best eJamani - Weimar.

Noko ke, imikhosi Schiller iyoma up. Ngowe-1800, yena egqibile ukubhala nedada yakhe ngoma - yintlekele "Maria Stuart", usebenza nzulu, impumelelo ukuba kunye livakale ebanzi eluntwini.

Ngowe-1802, i-noMlawuli we-Prussia fan ye Imbongi yezikhulu. Noko ke, ngalisayo Schiller awasabela ngayo. iminyaka akhe noqolileyo best zazala ubunzima, kwaye ngoku asanda olinene wavakalelwa kukuba wayesele eza kufa. Yena ngokwabantu ufuna ukwala isihloko engento ngenxa yena, kodwa nalamkela, ndicinga kuphela abantwana babo.

Wayesoloko egula, abaphethwe pneumonia esinganyangekiyo. Ngokuchasene neli qonga lingasemva, oko waqinisa sephepha, wamsa kukufa ngesiquphe kwi ukuphakama lweetalente eneminyaka engama-45.

isiphelo

Akukho ubaxo ukuba bathi amaJamani wayemthanda iimbongi onke amaxesha ziye kwaye Iogann Gete kunye Friedrich Schiller baya. Amafoto lesikhumbuzo nanini ukubonisa abahlobo ezimbini eziphilileyo e Weimar, eziqhelekileyo yonke German. ngegalelo lawo elingathethekiyo uncwadi: bezisa ziyahlonelwa zakhe Indlela zobuntu entsha, eshwankathela iingcamango yiEnlightenment, Romanticism kunye Classicism.