Transistor eguquguqukayo: isenza i kwiisekethe. Le usuke ukujikeleza lo transistor eguquguqukayo nge emitter eqhelekileyo

Enye i electrode ezintathu-uhlobo izixhobo semiconductor ezi transistors kwengqondo. kumphathi wesekethe kuxhomekeke ukuba babe conductivity (umngxuma okanye electron) kunye nemisebenzi.

ngezigaba

Transistors bohlulwa babe ngamaqela:

1. Ngokutsho izixhobo: i arsenide kaLayishe waseGalim ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo ngokuqhelekileyo kunye lesilicon.
2. Njengoko amaza uphawu: ephantsi (ukuya ku-3 MHz), eliphakathi (ukuya kwi-30 MHz), phezulu (ukuya ku 300 MHz), ultra-high (ngasentla 300 MHz).
3. Kuba ukusasaza mandla aphezulu: ukuya ku-0.3 W, ukuya watts-3, ngaphezu 3W.
4. Ngokutsho uhlobo isixhobo: ezintathu ezinxulumene umaleko semiconductor yi khosi ngokutshintsha iindlela ngqo kunye eguqulweyo ukungcola Uhanjiso.

Njani na transistors?

Lo maleko zangaphandle kunye engaphakathi transistor uqhagamshele electrode elikhokelayo, ngokulandelelana ngokuba emitter, umqokeleli noseko.

Le emitter kunye umqokeleli ayahluki ngalinye kwezinye iintlobo conductivity, kodwa iqondo kweziyobisi nezingcoliso yokugqibela usezantsi kakhulu. Oku kuqinisekisa ukwanda ombane kwimveliso avumelekile.

Isiseko, nto leyo umaleko eliphakathi siyakwazi ukumelana phezulu, njengoko lenziwe semiconductor kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi buthathaka. Kuye indawo qhagamshelana enkulu kunye umqokeleli, nto leyo ephucula ukususwa ubushushu eyenziweyo ngenxa umva bias inguqu, kwaye ibhexesha sicatshulwa abathwali abambalwa - electron. Nangona ezi zoleko sethutyana zisekelwe kumgaqo enye, transistor na isixhobo yezi zinto. Ngokutshintsha iindawo maleko esibi conductivity inye akabamkela parameters ohambelana isixhobo semiconductor.

Schematics of transistors eguquguqukayo bayakwazi ukugcina kuyo uthi ezimbini: kunokuba ibe ivuliwe okanye ivaliwe. Kwimo esebenzayo, xa transistor evulekileyo emitter yenguqu offset senziwe kwicala phambili. Ukuzekelisa oku cinga, umzekelo, kukho transistor lohlobo npn, kufuneka longezwe amandla ukusuka kumthombo, njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mzobo ungezantsi.

Umda okuhlangana umqokeleli yesibini xa oku ivaliwe kunye yangoku engena kulo akufanele. Kodwa practice, isichasi kwenzeka ngenxa indawo ekupheleni ukuguquka ngabanye kunye nempembelelo yazo nokuxabisana. Ekubeni emitter liqhagamshelene "thabatha" ibhetri yenguqu evulekileyo ivumela electron ingena kwemimandla esisiseko, apho recombination buso ezinemingxuma - iziphathi eziphambili. Kwakhiwa isiseko I yangoku _b. I ngakumbi na, lo esikhulu output yangoku. Kule yokukhulisa mgaqo msebenzi usebenzisa transistors kwengqondo.

Emva kokuba isiseko Kukuwe izithuthi diffusive of elektroni, ngenxa yokuba kungekho manyathelo yentsimi yombane. Ngenxa kancinane umaleko ubukhulu (microns) kunye ubukhulu becala le ithambeka yoxinaniso bamasuntswana kakubi ityala, phantse bonke kuwela kummandla umqokeleli, nangona uxhathiso isiseko mkhulu ngokwaneleyo. Kukho zihamba amtsale intsimi yombane, nokuthuthwa lwabo esebenzayo. Sokuqokelela kunye emitter imisinga kakhulu bayalingana, ukuba ilahleko akukho ayinamsebenzi kwentlawulo ebangelwe recombination kwi isiseko: I _e = I _b + I _k.

Le Ipharamitha transistors

1. Imiba inzuzo ngenxa ombane U _eq / U _kwaye ngoku: β = _Mna / I _b (ixabiso elililo). Ngokuqhelekileyo, le β lomlingani ayidluli 300, kodwa ukufikelela amaxabiso 800 nangaphezulu.
2. Input ukuvimba.
3. Impendulo rhoqo - le transistor yokusebenza phezulu ukuya kumaza kwangaphambili ngasentla apho transients nto ayinayo ixesha abacombululi uphawu isicelo.

Transistor eguquguqukayo: iisekethe isenza, iindlela zokusebenza

iindlela zokusebenza bendawo kuxhomekeka kwindlela le sekethe ibandla. Uphawu kufuneka isicelo zisuswe kwiindawo ezimbini kwimeko nganye, kodwa kukho amathathu kuphela izikhonkwane. Oku kulandela ukuba omnye electrode kufuneka zombini kwakucingwa ukuba igalelo kunye neziphumo. Ngoko ke ziquka naluphi transistors kwengqondo. kumphathi wesekethe: ON, OE kunye Lungile.

1. Ukuqhuba ne Kulungile

Le usuke ukujikeleza lo transistor eguquguqukayo kunye umqokeleli eqhelekileyo: uphawu kondliwa resistor R _L, nto leyo nayo ifakiwe kwisekethe mbuthi. Loo uxhulumaniso obizwa njenge eqhelekileyo-umqokeleli.

Olu khetho udala inzuzo yangoku kuphela. Ubuhle bokuba lavekaka emitter kukubonelela igalelo ukuvimba enkulu (10-500 ohms), nto leyo evumela lula nokulawula aqukuqela.

2. Ukuqhuba ne ON

Le usuke ukujikeleza lo transistor eguquguqukayo kwi kwisiseko eqhelekileyo: umqondiso engenayo ngokusebenzisa C ₁ emva okhulisa isusiwe kwi imveliso yaloo mmandla umqokeleli, apho electrode isiseko iyabiwa. Kulo mzekelo, kukho inzuzo ombane iyafana ekusebenzeni MA.

Le Ububi yinto ukuvimba igalelo encinane (30-100 ohms), kunye yesekethe kunye ON isetyenziswa njengento oscillator.

3. Umzobo ne MA

Xa embodiments ezininzi, xa zisetyenziswa transistors eguquguqukayo, iziphaluka masicime ezenziwa kakhulu kunye emitter eqhelekileyo. Le ombane bonelelo ukudla umthwalo resistor R _L, kunye emitter ezifakelwe kwipali elibi ze-supply amandla angaphandle.

AC uphawu ukusuka terminal input engena emitter kunye nesiseko electrode _(V), kwaye iba ezinkudlwana ubukhulu (V _CE) kwisekethe mbuthi. Iziqalelo wesekethe ezingundoqo: a transistor, a resistor R _L kunye imveliso yaloo mmandla wokukhulisa ezinawo amandla angaphandle. Bobuncedani: capacitor C ₁ ethintela ukuhamba ngoku ngqo kwisekethe feed umqondiso igalelo, kunye resistor R _1, nge apho transistor ivula.

Umqokeleli ombane kumphathi wesekethe transistor kunye imveliso ye resistor R _L kunye ngokulinganayo ubukhulu _{EMF: V CC = I C L R} + V CE.

Ngenxa yoko, V _kwi uphawu elincinane igalelo anikwa ukwehluka DC amandla AC kwimveliso inverter transistor ezilawulwa. Le nkqubo ibonelela ukwanda igalelo yangoku izihlandlo 20-100, kwaye ombane - ngamaxesha 10-200. Ngako oko, amandla kwandisa.

scheme Ukuswela: ukuxhathisa Igalelo encinane (500-1000 ohms). Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kukho iingxaki ekubunjweni izigaba yokukhulisa. Lokumelana yemveliso 2-20 ohms.

Le dayagram ibonisa indlela transistor vuvabyi. Ukuba awuzithathi ezinye amanyathelo ngentsebenzo yabo iya kuchaphazeleka kakhulu kwempembelelo zangaphandle, ezifana nobushushu kunye uphawu rhoqo. Kwakhona, isisekelo emitter kudala ubugqwetha harmonic kwi imveliso. Ukuphucula ukuthembeka, isiphaluka na feedbacks ezidityanisiweyo, izihluzi, njalo njalo. N. Kule meko inzuzo lifinyele, kodwa isixhobo iba kakuhle ngakumbi.

zindlela ukusebenza

Umsebenzi transistor ichaphazela ixabiso ombane enxibeleleneyo. Zonke iindlela kungaboniswa ukuba isicelo ukujikeleza lo transistor eguquguqukayo enikwe ngaphambili kunye emitter eqhelekileyo.

1. Le imo cut-off

Le mode wadala xa V _BE ombane uyehla uye kuma 0.7 V. Kulo mzekelo, okuhlangana emitter evaliwe kwaye umqokeleli ngoku akakho, ekubeni kungekho electron simahla kwi siseko. Ngenxa yoko, iibhloko transistor.

2. Mode Active

Ukuba ombane lisetyenziswe isiseko apho yanele ukuyivula transistor, kukho ngoku encinane igalelo kunye nemveliso anda, kuxhomekeke ubuninzi inzuzo. Ke transistor iya kusebenza msindo.

mode 3. saturation

Yohluka ukusuka imo esebenzayo ukwenzela ukuba transistor ivulwa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye umqokeleli yangoku ifikelela ixabiso eliphezulu kunokwenzeka. indyebo yalo kunokuzuzwa kuphela ngokuguqula amandla electromotive isicelo okanye umthwalo kwisekethe kwimveliso. Xa ukutshintsha umqokeleli yangoku lesiseko ayikatshintshi. Ukwanda ulawulo luphawulwa yinto yokuba transistor uvulekile kakhulu, yaye nantsi ukhonza iswitshi ivuliwe. Schematics of transistors eguquguqukayo ngokuhlanganisa cut-off kunye Ukwanda iindlela zikuvumela ukuba ukudala kunye izitshixo zabo elektroniki.

Zonke iindlela zokusebenza zixhomekeke kuhlobo lweempawu imveliso eboniswe kwigrafu.

Bayakwazi ukubonisa, ukuba ibandla iingcingo umzobo transistor bipolar ne OE.

Ukuba ufake kwi iasi eme nkqo yaye inxalenye tye zimela umqokeleli yangoku ubuninzi kunye isixa yobonelelo wamandla ombane V _CC, uze uqhagamshele iziphelo omnye komnye, ufumana ilayini umthwalo (obomvu). Oku kuchazwa ngokuthi _{athi: I C = (V CC -} V CE) / R C. Ukusuka isafobe kulandela ukuba indawo yokusebenza olumisela umqokeleli yangoku I _C kunye ombane V _CE, iya asuswa ecaleni komgca umthwalo ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu kunye nokwandisa isiseko yangoku I _B.

Zone V _CE phakathi ezimanyeneyo uphawu imveliso yokuqala (mnyama) apho _B = 0 kuluphawu imo umda. Kule yangoku reverse I _C ayinamsebenzi kwaye transistor ivaliwe.

Uphawu kuqala kwindawo A unqumla umthwalo umgca, emva koko, kunye ukwanda _akuso ngoku andiyi itshintshe. indawo Ukwanda kule grafu i indawo eyenziwe mnyama phakathi esqwini I _C kunye kuphawu emibi.

wenza njani transistor ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo?

Le transistor usebenza iimpawu eziguquguqukayo okanye rhoqo anikiwe kwisekethe igalelo.

Eguquguqukayo Transistor: isenza i kwiisekethe, amandla

Isikakhulu transistor ukhonza ngombhobho. Uphawu ifildi igalelo ibangela utshintsho imveliso egcine. Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa Udweliso Kulungile okanye MA. Xa wesekethe leemveliso umqondiso efunekayo umthwalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo usebenzise resistor shelwe kwisekethe mbuthi kwimveliso. Ukuba ikhethiwe kakuhle, ixabiso ombane yemveliso iphezulu kakhulu ngaphezu igalelo.

umsebenzi sesimangalo iboniswe kakuhle kwi imizobo ixesha.

Xa imiyalezo ukubetha ukuguquka, indlela iyafana naleyo ngenxa sinusoidal. Umgangatho iguqulwe kwabo izakhi harmonic ezimiselwe iimpawu kangaphi transistors.

Umsebenzi mode isenza i

itshintshela Transistor ziyilelwe utshintshe nje uxhulumaniso non-contact kwiisekethe zombane. Lo mgaqo utshintsho stepwise kwi kweelana le transistor. uhlobo Bipolar sifanelekile kakuhle neemfuno isixhobo iqhosha.

isiphelo

izinto semiconductor esetyenziswa kwiisekethe lokuguqula amaza zombane. yokuhlela enemisebenzi futhi ezinkulu uvumele ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi transistors eguquguqukayo. iziphaluka isenza i ukugqiba imisebenzi yabo kunye neendlela zokusebenza. Kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu.

Umphathi wesekethe omkhulu isenza i transistors eguquguqukayo kuzenza zibalasele nangakumbi, ziguqule kwaye ziveze igalelo imiqondiso, kwaye switsha iziphaluka.