Itshintshela Transistor. Isimiso ukusebenza yesekethe

Xa sisebenza kunye nemizobo enzima olunoluncedo ukusetyenziswa lamaqhinga ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa bangakuphuhlisa oku mzamo encinane njongo. Enye yazo nokudalwa itshintshela semiconductor. Ntoni na ke? Kutheni na ukuba ukudala? Kutheni ibizwa ngokuba "izitshixo elektroniki"? Ziintoni iimpawu yale nkqubo, yaye yintoni ufune?

Yintoni wenza eyenziwayo transistor

Baya kubulawa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwentsimi okanye transistors kwengqondo. Sahlulwe izitshixo kuqala TIR ukuba unolawulo p-n-kuhlangana khona. Phakathi disorder ukwahlula / kwizinyibilikisi. Transistor ushintshele 12 V uya kuzanelisa iimfuno ezisisiseko kunomathotholo engahlawulwayo.

mode static

Kuyo hlaziya ithi ezivaliweyo oluvuleleke isitshixo. Ugwebu lokuqala kwinqanaba ombane aphantsi, nto leyo imele kusengqiqweni uphawu zero. Xa indlela enjalo, zombini inguqu zibe kwicala reverse (umda ifunyenwe). Kwaye phezu sokuqokelela yangoku inokuchaphazela kuphela bubushushu. Xa urhulumente evulekileyo ukuya igalelo ongundoqo inqanaba ombane aphezulu esilingana logic uphawu olunye. Msebenzi kungenzeka ngeendlela ezimbini ngaxeshanye. msebenzi inokuba kummandla Ukwanda okanye ummandla yomgama yemveliso efumaneka isici. Siya uxoxe ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi.

iqhosha saturation

Kwiimeko ezinjalo, i utshintsho transistor ukuba ingakhethi cala kwicala phambili. Ngoko, xa utshintsha isiseko lwangoku, ixabiso sokuqokelela akayi kutshintsha. Xa transistors lesilicon ngenxa bias malunga 0.8 V kuyimfuneko, ngelilixa germanium ombane ngonyaka kwisithuba 0.2-0.4 V. A isitshixo njengokuba Ukwanda jikelele ekufikelelwe kuso? Ukuze benze oku, isiseko ukunyuka yangoku. Kodwa yonke imida yayo, kwakunye nokwanda kufumaneka bantu. Ngoko ke, xa ufikelela ixabiso ethile ngoku, uyeke ukuba ikhule. Kodwa kutheni tirhisa Ukwanda iqhosha? Kukho izinga okhethekileyo, nto leyo ibonisa imeko. Nomthwalo yokwanda ukunyuka ayo amandla, okuye itshintshela transistor, imiba ukungazinzi kuqala kuchaphazela umkhosi encinane, kodwa kukho ngezimvo yokusebenza. Ngoko ke, ixabiso Ukwanda factor okhethiweyo ukusuka ingqalelo vumelwano, ugxininise ingxaki ekufuneka kwenziwe.

Ububi iqhosha unsaturated

Yaye yintoni eyayiza kwenzeka xa ayizange iphumelele ixabiso eliphezulu? Ngoko kukho iziphene ezifana:

1. Ombane uwe iqhosha evulekileyo alahlekelwe ukuya malunga 0.5 V.
2. Sibi nezifo. Oku kungenxa yokwanda igalelo ukuvimba, nto leyo uyaqapheleka izitshixo xa ivuliwe. Ngoko ke, kuphazamiseka ezifana spikes ombane yaye kuya kukhokelela utshintsho parameters transistor.
3. iqhosha ifumile uye uzinzo lobushushu ebalulekileyo.

Njengoko ubona, le nkqubo kungcono ukwenza, ukuze ekugqibeleni ukufumana isixhobo ogqibeleleyo.

speed

Le parameter kuxhomekeke amaza eliphezulu ngokuvunywe, kungenziwa xa iziganeko utshintshe nje wenziwe. Oku kuthi kuxhomekeke ixesha inkqubo yenguqu, nto leyo umiselwa inertia le transistor, kwakunye kwimpembelelo olwaye lwamfimfitha iparameters. Ukuchaza ii-elementi yokusebenza logic zidla ngokubonisa ixesha avareji ukuba kwenzeka xa umqondiso sasibambezeleka nangokusulela kwayo kwi iswitshi transistor. Umzobo ukukhombisa yayo ngokuqhelekileyo ikwayile avareji impendulo kunye noluhlu ibonisa.

Ukusebenzisana nabanye izitshixo

Ukuze wenze oku, couplers ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba imveliso iswitshi lokuqala kwinqanaba eliphezulu ombane, ngoko kukho emnyango owongozelelweyo yesibini kwaye isebenza ngendlela enye indlela kwangaphambili. Vice versa. Loo circuit unxibelelwano kakhulu kuchaphazela iinkqubo ezidlulayo ezithi zenzeke ngexesha isenza, kwaye isantya khuselekileyo kwezitshixo. Nantsi indlela iswitshi transistor. Avamise kakhulu inkqubo apho intsebenziswano kwenzeka kuphela phakathi transistors ezimbini. Kodwa ke oku akuthethi ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba wenze icebo lokuba ziya kusetyenziswa iinkalo ezintathu okanye ezine okanye ngaphezulu. Kodwa yokwenza oku kube nzima ukufumana ukusetyenziswa, ngoko ke umsebenzi olu hlobo transistor iswitshi lisusiwe.

Yintoni ukukhetha

Yintoni umsebenzi ongcono? Masenze ngathi ukuba sibe uneswitshi transistor elula, unikezelo ombane apho 0.5 V. Emva koko, usebenzisa i oscilloscope sifake lonke utshintsho. Ukuba ungumqokeleli yangoku 0.5mA kwi isethi rate, le ombane iwela 40 MV (esekelwe ziya kuba malunga nama-0.8 V). Ngemilinganiselo ingxaki sinokuthi oku kakhulu unxaxho ebalulekileyo, leyo umisela imiqathango ekusetyenzisweni emiselwayo schemes, umzekelo, itshintshela, imiqondiso analog. Ngoko ke, kuxhomekeke ezikhethekileyo transistors intsimi-isiphumo, nto leyo eye engumlawuli p-n-kuhlangana khona. izinto zabo phezu kunezixhobo eguquguqukayo zezi:

1. Ixabiso kancinane yengcinezelo intsalela qhosha kwi eMarina karhulumente.
2. Luvukelo eliphezulu kwaye ngenxa yoko - nosebenzela encinane lowo ujikeleze lonke ilungu closed.
3. Kubadle unamandla amancinane, ngoko akuyomfuneko umthombo elibalulekileyo ombane yolawulo.
4. Kuyenzeka ukutshintsha i zombane iimpawu kwinqanaba elisezantsi, leyo zenza iiyunithi ze microvolts.

tshintshela transistor utshintsho - oku isicelo efanelekileyo ukuze entsimini. Kakade ke, lo myalezo ibekwe kuphela kubafundi sinengcamango malunga nokusetyenziswa kwazo. Incinane nje ulwazi nobuchule - kwaye ukuba kungenzeka na ukuphunyezwa, leyo itshintshela transistor ukuba zithiywe eninzi.

Umzekelo operation

Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha indlela elula transistor iswitshi. Ukutshintshela kwesinye igalelo uphawu lidlule yaye yasuswa ukusuka kwelinye ngomnyango. Ukutshixa isitshixo kwi esangweni transistor esebenzisa amandla ombane ayi oyena uphakamileyo ukhangele amaxabiso umthombo kunye idreyini kwixabiso ngaphezu 2-3 V. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka silumke ukuya ngaphaya uluhlu obuvumelekileyo. Xa luvaliwe iswitshi, umlo mkhulu kakhulu - mkhulu ohms-10. Eli xabiso ifunyenwe ngenxa yokuba echaphazela ngakumbi ngakumbi kwaye umva kwamacala yangoku okuhlangana PN. Xa capacitance karhulumente efanayo phakathi wesekethe uphawu ziguquka kwaye electrode isango kwi uluhlu 3-30 PF. Ngoku vula iswitshi transistor. Ukuqhuba yaye kusaza kubonisa ukuba xa isango ombane sekumbovu zero, kwaye kakhulu ixhomekeke ukuxhathisa umthwalo kunye neempawu ombane watshintshela. Oku kungenxa yonke inkqubo yolwalamano phakathi kwesango, imvelaphi kunye kanzima le transistor. Oku kudala ezinye iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kwimowudi yagcina.

Njengoko isisombululo sale ngxaki, amacebo ezahlukeneyo ziye zaphuhliswa abonelela ombane uzinziso okwenzeka phakathi umjelo kunye nesango. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa iimpawu ebonakalayo nkqu diode ingasetyenziswa ngolo hlobo. Ngenxa yoku, kufuneka zibandakanywe kwi-reverse ombane indlela ukuvimbela. Ukuba uya ukudala imeko kuyimfuneko, lo diode uyawavala kunye p-n-inguqu ivula. Ukutshintsha xa ombane ivulwa wahlala evulekileyo, kwaye akawatshintshi luvukelo channel, kunokwenzeka ukuba ziquka-high ukumelana resistor phakathi umthombo kunye iqhosha igalelo. Kwaye ke kukho capacitances capacitor kukhawuleziswe kakhulu inkqubo kugesi.

Ukubalwa i transistor

Ukucengceleza umzekelo ukubala yokuqonda okuqinisekileyo, u lingatshintsha iinkcukacha zakho;

1) Umqokeleli-emitter ombane - 45 V. Amandla iyonke ukusasaza - 500 MW. Sokuqokelela-emitter ombane - 0.2 V. I umda rhoqo ukusebenza - 100 MHz. Isiseko-emitter ombane - 0.9 V. Umqokeleli yangoku - 100 Ma. Statistical ratio transfer yangoku - 200.

2) Le resistor for 60 ma 5-1,35-0,2 = 3.45.

3) ixabiso ukumelana umqokeleli: 3,45 \ 0,06 ohms = 57,5.

4) Kuba lula, sithatha ixabiso eliphambili 62 ohms: 3,45 \ 62 = 0.0556 Ma.

5) Sicinga isiseko yangoku: 56 \ 200 = 0.28 Ma (0.00028 A).

6) Iyakuxabisa malini isiseko resistor: 5 - 0.9 = 4,1V.

7) Ukumisela kweelana le resistor isiseko: 4.1 \ = 0,00028 ohms 14,642,9.

isiphelo

Kwaye ekugqibeleni, malunga igama "izitshixo electronic". Isibakala sokuba urhulumente batshintshwa yi yangoku. Kwaye yintoni ke? Injalo loo nto, iseti iintlawulo ngekhompyutha. Kule kwaye kukho igama yesibini. Kodwa ngokubanzi, yaye bonke. Njengoko ubona, lo mgaqo ukusebenza kunye nesixhobo itshintshela transistor yesekethe ayikho into nzima, ngoko ukuze aqonde le - kunokwenzeka. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nkqu umbhali weli nqaku ukuhlaziya inkumbulo yayo wathabatha iincwadi encinane reference waboleka. Ngoko ke, ukuba unayo imibuzo isigama I Sicebisa ukuba ukukhumbula ubukho izichazi zobugcisa kunye ukufuna ulwazi olutsha malunga transistor sokuyivula apho.