Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasmosis abantu: iimpawu, iindlela usuleleko, isifo kwaye afumane unyango

Ezimfimfitha igazi, eyaziwa ngokuba Toxoplasma gondii, kunokubangela usulelo abantu kunye nezilwanyana. Uthe Isifo esibizwa toxoplasmosis. Le izinambuzane ezibangela kulo elilodwa olunye-ukuba babe umjikelo wobomi ngokwanelisayo ezintsonkothileyo.

Iindlela zosulelo

Abantu abaninzi bayazi ukuba neekati abathwali sifo. Kungenxa yoko, abanye abantu bayoyika ukuba azichukumise uze uzame ukuba iphetshwe. Kodwa ke iingozi endleni cat kuphela, kukho kwaye sisidleleli i-Toxoplasma gondii. Kungenzeka kwakhona ukuba sinokosuleleka xa kutyiwa inyama ekrwada izilwanyana eziye usindwa sifo. Enye indlela ukudluliswa ukutofelwa igazi umntu ogulayo esempilweni. Kwakhona kuthi Esibelekweni usulelo Umbungu ukusuka kumama abagulayo. Kodwa ubisi lwebele ayisa idluliselwe toxoplasmosis.

Cats zosuleleke ngayo esi sifo ngokuthi ngokutya izilwanyana bosulelekile. Ngapha koko, kunokuba abathwali iintaka, iimpuku. Izilwanyana zosuleleke ngokutya inyama ekrwada kwezinye izilwanyana. Iikati ezi onke bokuphela irhorho, elileli: amathumbu lwabo Toxoplasma iqalisa nande, magciwane kwindawo zifunyanwe kunye endleni.

Umntu umkhosi kuphela esiphakathi kwe sisidleleli. Xa emzimbeni, Toxoplasma gondii nga kujikeleziswa egazini ifakwe izihlunu, ingqondo, amehlo kunye nezinye kwizihlunu. Ukubhubhisa iiseli kwaye enze kwikhavithi kuso - cysts okanye pseudocysts. Kwakhona, ukuze ube kaltsinaty - gazi ukuba buzane iityuwa calcium.

iimpawu

kuphela emva kokuba uphando yemigaqo ukwenza isifo ecacileyo. Ukuba serum iza kuzifumanekele izilwa-Toxoplasma gondii, ngoko ukuthetha ngezinto kanye abantu abagulayo. Umngcipheko sifo kukuba kube nazimpawu. Ngoko ke, abantu musa ukuba babe toxoplasmosis. Iimpawu kuphela kwiimeko ezinqabileyo kunokwenzeka ebantwini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kwenzeka kwabo bantu umzimba ucekeceke ngomnye sifo.

Ngoko ke, ungakwazi ivumba nempuku ukuba:

• banzi iindawo axillary nkovu, ukuba obungqingqwa - ziyafana ukubunjwa ngeenxa tight;

• lobushushu ukunyuka - oko kusoloko kusenzeka subfebrile, kodwa maxa wambi ukufikelela kwinqanaba degrees 39;

• ubuhlungu kwi ikota yesangqa ephezulu ngasekunene, ngexesha elifanayo kwi Uvavanyo lwafumanisa ukuba ubukhulu isibindi kunye udakada zanda.

Isifo ikhatshwe ubuthathaka kunye neentlungu izihlunu. Kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi, esi sifo akuthethi ukuzibonakalisa, isigaba yayo etsolo izinto nazimpawu ezimbalwa iiveki.

iintlobo toxoplasmosis

Oogqirha iintlobo ezininzi zesi sifo. Ngokomzekelo, yingcali survey nga ukuxilonga enaso, ocular, eqhelekileyo, unesigulo, toxoplasmosis etsolo, nezifo ichaphazela inkqubo luvo. Ngalinye iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela sifo uneempawu zaso. Kwati kubo, ugqirha Basenokukrokrela ethile toxoplasmosis. Iimpawu abantu, umzekelo, xa uhlobo ebuchotsheni of sifo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• intloko ebuhlungu, buthathaka;

• ukulahlekelwa koluvo kwiindawo ezithile umzimba;

• sikwazi ziinaliti;

• ukukhubazeka.

Ngamanye amaxesha toxoplasmosis umntu ubuchopho kuwa isiqaqa. Uphuhliso kwesi ezahlukeneyo izifo linokuthi kubantu abanamajoni omzimba buthathaka, ukuba une umthetho, xa izigulane AIDS, xa izigulane ezinomhlaza emva ichemotherapy kunye nezinye izifo.

Kwezinye iimeko, unesifo toxoplasmosis ocular. Izithombe zabantu bathwaxwa iingxaki ezinjalo, musa ukuvumela ukuba ukuchonga esi sifo. Ubonakala intlungu kunye nokuboniswa 'inkungu' emehlweni, sinciphise acuity ezibonwayo, ukushukumisa zisanda. Ngamanye amaxesha usulelo kunokukhokelela ukugqibezela ukulahleka umbono. Amaninzi, isifo liso njengokubonisa ukuba uhlobo naso esi sifo.

Xa abantu, amajoni omzimba ukuba buthathaka ngokuthi kusetyenziswe amachiza okanye AIDS, toxoplasmosis kungenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo. Iimpawu abantu ngaxeshanye zizenza ezaziwayo. Ngapha koko, kule fomu kwesi sifo sichaphazela imisipha intliziyo kunye nemiphunga. amalungu Kubalulekile unokuba asha kwaye ayeke ukusebenza. Oku ekugqibeleni lude abangele ukufa.

Iingxaki ngethuba lokukhulelwa

Zonke gynecologists oomama abakhulelweyo yaleza ukukhangela ukuba bagula sisifo esinjalo, efana toxoplasmosis. Iimpawu abantu bakholisa ngayo, ngoko okhulelweyo nkqu ukuba uye wabanjwa. Kakade ke, ukuba umama okhulelweyo ukuba ebegula phambi kwiimvuthuluka ekhulelwa, ngoko ke sifo ingeyongozi olungekazalwa. A usulelo ngexa lokukhulelwa kunokukhokelela imiphumo ebuhlungu. Eyona eyingozi zokugula ekhulelwe.

Ngoko ke, toxoplasmosis kunokubangela ukufa kwesisu okanye ukukhubazeka Esibelekweni. Ukongeza, gciwane kwiintsana Esibelekweni uya kufa kungekudala emva kokuzalwa. Ukuba umfundi uyakwazi ukuba baphile, impilo yabo kunokubangela umonakalo noqhekeko ukuya toxoplasmosis. Izithombe abantwana abafani, esi sifo kuba ebangela eziliqela malformations bekhubazekile. Ngoko ke, ukuba ifuthe usulelo intrauterine ziquka:

- ukudumba retina kunye ezincinane izitya ngaphakathi - chorioretinitis (kunokubangela ukungaboni);

- ukungeva;

- ukunyusa ubungakanani udakada wesibindi;

- irhashalala uzloobraznuyu ebomvu emzimbeni;

- senyongo, apho ukutshintsha umbala sclera amehlo, inwebu yangaphakathi nemiqhathane ulusu;

- ubungakanani omkhulu zentloko usana ungabutyhili: inokuba elincinci kakhulu okanye, icala, liphezulu;

- yokubambezela uphuhliso wosana.

Ikhosi zesi sifo abadala

Ukuba umntu okukwazi eqhelekileyo esosulelwa toxoplasmosis, esi sifo kusenokwenzeka, akunamsebenzi ukuzibonakalisa. Usenokuvakalelwa ubuthathaka ezinye iintsuku ezimbalwa, yaye iqondo lobushushu nga kwavusa amaxabiso subfebrile. Kodwa isimo esinjalo siya ngapha ucinga ukuba kufuneka zihlolelwe toxoplasmosis umntu kwenzeke.

Ukuba umfazi losulelwe phambi lokukhulelwa, usana ayikho ingozi. Bona ixesha eliqikelelwayo usulelo ukunceda iimvavanyo ezizodwa. Ukuze wenze oku, kwi uvavanyo lwegazi ugqirha wakho isindululo kunikezela phezu iincwadi ezimbalwa. Umzekelo, IgG antibodies Toxoplasma bathi usulelo liyagungqa ixesha elide, kwaye bezazisa nezifo. Kodwa IgM titer ibonisa ukuba ubonakele isifo kutshanje emzimbeni. Ngoko ke, ezi zithinteli kuvela emva nama-2 kweeveki emva kokosuleleka kunye kancane kancane ngexesha kwiinyanga ezintathu phambi amaxabiso yesiqhelo.

umzabalazo Natural kumzimba

Xa umzimba womntu ufumana sisidleleli i-Toxoplasma gondii, amajoni omzimba akakwazi diki. Iyayiqonda into langaphandle kwaye iqala ukuvelisa izinto ezikhethekileyo, ezijolise ingcinezelo yayo. Oku immunoglobulins okanye izilwa-buhlungu. Kwisicwangciswana ngasinye-Uhlobo sengozini iantigens omnye kuphela, zikufumana senginginya nodibaniso nokuba nayo. Ngoko ke, amajoni omzimba ilwa usuleleko, kwaye egazini ixesha elide, maxa wambi ubomi, wasindisa IgG antibodies Toxoplasma gondii.

Oko kukuthi, ubukho ezi zithinteli ibonisa kuphela ukuba umzimba kanye kusulelo; kwaye okwangoku wahlala wokugonyeka kuyo. Enyanisweni, oku impendulo yombuzo ngokuba kuthetha ntoni na Toxoplasma gondii kwi cazululo. Nokuba sibona kubo ngethuba lokukhulelwa akwenzi ngqiqo ukuba ukothuka. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, phambi IgG kunye IgM nokungabikho kobungqina bokuba usulelo wenzeka ixesha elide, kunye nomama elizayo liphuhlise nezifo. Oku kuthetha ukuba bosulelwe-re ngexesha yokumitha usana kabanga. Ngoko ke, umntwana kwimeko enjalo ayikho ingozi.

isifo izifo

Afumanise okokuba ingaba kukho kumzimba anti Toxoplasma gondii, ungasebenzisa iimvavanyo zegazi lwemithambo. Le ndlela serological isekelwe kwinto yokuba izilwa-serum ukuze ukubona ubukho usulelo. Kuba uyayazi esibanzi kubhetele ukukhangela zonke immunoglobulins kwezi zifo. Umzekelo, ukungabikho Toxoplasma gondii lgG nangoku nto ayithethi ukuba umntu isempilweni. Ezi zithinteli zakhiwa ngokukhawuleza. Kulo mzekelo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukunyuka titers IgM. Ukuba le mzobo zabaxwa, usulelo kwenzeka kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo. Ukususela yomfowunelwa wokuqala kunye usulelo yayingekho ngaphezu kweenyanga ezi-3. Kodwa ukuba ukho kweli kuluhlu eqhelekileyo, xa zidityaniswe kunye neenqobo eqhelekileyo IgG, ngoko ke umntu ngeke cishe engazange agule kunye toxoplasmosis.

Sisifo kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo 12 kusenokubonisa ukuba kukho iklasi izilwa G to Toxoplasma kunye titers IgM in serum. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha le nkcazelo akwanelanga. YooGqirha kubalulekile ukujonga indlela esinzulu ngayo lomzimba Unga bophelela ku buhlungu ezisegazini. I msinyane umzimba idibene usulelo, kungona ezi zakhono. Le propati ukubophelela ezisegazini iingcali ekuthiwa avidity Toxoplasma.

Ngelo xesha uthi kufuneka ibe yintoni na umgangatho omzimba, kunzima, kuba kwiilebhu ezahlukeneyo ukubeka izikhombisi imilinganiselo zabo. Bona zihlala ziboniswa kwiziphumo zophando. Phonononga iziphumo zohlalutyo kufuneka kuphela ugqirha oza ungazazi kuphela indlela data zahlukile kulo mmiselo, kodwa ukuqonda ukuba amele titers of IgG kunye IgM.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba abe nako ukunyanga i avidity ka Toxoplasma ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ukuba iphezulu kwaye ngaphezu kwama-40% ekupheleni kwalo ezintathu yokuqala, umama okhulelweyo nosulelekile yokumitha usana lupheliswe. Nodla avidity ephantsi akuthethi ukuba usulelo kwenzeka kutshanje. Kule meko kucetyiswa ukuba kuliwe hlahlelo isibini weeveki ukumisela intsebenzo iye yatshintsha ngayo. Ngokwesiseko nakakhulu le banokufumana kwizigqibo ezithile malunga mda usulelo.

izifundo abasetyhini abakhulelweyo

Ukunciphisa amathuba osulelo intrauterine kwiimvuthuluka, kuyimfuneko ukuhlola oomama abakhulelweyo. Oku kwenziwa, njengoko umthetho, ekupheleni kwalo ezintathu zokuqala. Eli xesha wakhethwa ngengozi, kuba kuyingozi kakhulu usuleleko yi kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala. Nokuba umama okhulelweyo esosulelwa ngomhla kamva, oko ingeyongozi kakhulu kwimpilo kwiimvuthuluka yayo.

Kodwa nakuba ngathi yaye yasekwa ukuba umfazi omithiyo kwisigaba nokoyika antibodies toxoplasmosis ezifumaneka serum igazi, oko akuthethi ukuba ngokuyimfuneko kufuneka isisu. Nangona oogqirha ezintathu zokuqala zidla nimane kule nkqubo.

Ukongeza izilwa-buhlungu, echazwe avidity. Ukuba zonke iziphumo iyadanisa, yaye yonke into ibonisa ukuba usulelo kwenzeka emva kwesisu usana, iyavakala ukuhlolisisa fluid.

Le ndlela inokuthenjwa yokufumanisa ukuba kukho ingozi intrauterine izilonda imvuthuluka. Ukuba umama okhulelweyo kwi uhlalutyo ezintle toxoplasmosis, kwaye sele iboniwe kumanqanaba ephakamileyo IgM omzimba, ugqirha unikwe uxilongo PCR. Ukuze wenze oku, yenza okuhlatywa esiswini kusingise fluid. Kuye kuvavanywa ngokujonga nokuba kukho kuwo gazi zakhe DNA Toxoplasma. Ukuba fluid icacile, ngoko uthethe ubukho usulelo olungekazalwa akwenzi ngqiqo: usana siphilile, nokuba umama izilwa-Toxoplasma.

iindlela ezizezinye diagnostic

Amaxesha amaninzi, kwezinye iintlobo zesi sifo, iingcali ukuncoma, ukongeza iimvavanyo zegazi, kunye nezinye iimvavanyo. Bona ezifunekayo ukuxilongwa iintlobo-ntlobo sifo ezifana Toxoplasma. Omzimba sivakala naluphi na uhlobo yayo.

Linganisa iqondo usulelo emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa Itomography ikhompyutha okanye livakale magnetic zenyukliya. Ezi zifundo zibonisa ezitshangubeni ukudumba ebuchotsheni, ukuba kurhanelwa ukuba usulelo yahlaselwa eli candelo ethile.

Kakhulu kunqabile ukuba ufakelo ukuxilongwa usebenzisa biopsy. Olu hlahlelo, apho inxalenye izihlunu zizifo amkelwe, ndimncinile phantsi iinkcukacha ngemicroscope.

zokuthintela izifo

Nangona kukuba abantu okukwazi abaqhelekileyo uthe sifo nto eyoyikekayo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba azikhusela njani ngokwabo kuwo. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ngothintelo kukuba soze sifunde ukubonisa indlela toxoplasmosis. Iimpawu abantu ukuze ifiphale, kodwa kwiimeko ezinqabileyo esi sifo kukhokelela kwintlekele.

Enye amanyathelo iphambili ukunciphisa ukuqhagamshelana kunye nezilwanyana zasendle, ingakumbi iintaka nezikrekrethi. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba uzame inyama ekrwada, inyama okuthambile. Iimveliso ezinjalo kufuneka bangenele unyango kubushushu hayi ngaphantsi kwe degrees 77. Xa inyameko iikati ukuba onke kwezi izitshabalalisi Kuyancomeka ukuphepha ukudibana ngqo kunye excrements zabo. Emva ekucoceni yangasese kufuneka ahlambe ngocoselelo izandla zakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo la manyathelo zanele ze bafunde indlela toxoplasmosis zinokwenzeka. Musa ukulibala malunga nococeko buqu - ukuhlamba izandla ngaphambi nasemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, ngaphambi emva kokupheka.

Ukuba unayo ikati ekhaya, qiniseka ukuba ningayichukumisi ukutya kwakho, thina musa ukuya kwi tafile. Eneneni, kulo mzekelo, asinakukwazi ngaphandle ukungena ezincinane kunye ukuvulwa ezimpundu na isilwanyana ekutyeni kwakho.

Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba akukho mfuneko ukuhlamba imifuno, iziqhamo, amaqunube kunye imifuno. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi mveliso ezithengwe kwi abantu zemakethi ihlanjwe, kodwa abanikazi abonwabileyo bebazisa bakhetha ukuba nidle iziqhamo ngqo ukusuka egadini okanye emthini. Kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba bakwazi ukufumana usulelo evela iintaka okanye namabuzi.

Kwakhona musa ukulibala ukuba toxoplasmosis zinokusasazwa nge ngesondo ngokungakhuselekanga. Ngoko ke, ngokukhethekayo ngexesha ukhulelwe ukuba usebenzise iindlela umqobo yokucwangcisa. Ukuze wenze oku, abafanele inkunzi kunye iikhondom zabasetyhini.

unyango

Ethetha imfuneko unyango, abantu abaninzi ukulibala ukuba kwiimeko ezininzi kunokwenzeka ukuba afumane titer of Toxoplasma gondii IgG (positive). Oku kuthetha ukuba isifo sele udlule kunivuza mntu ngokwakhe. Kwaba kuphela ngenxa yophando wakwazi ukubona ukuba isigulane ebegula, yaza yaphuhliswa nezifo. Phatha kutyhilwa antibodies IgG musa. Abantu abaninzi ngempazamo abakholelwa ukuba oogqirha musa ukumisela amayeza ekuchongeni ezi immunoglobulins, yena nje akafuni ukujongana nawo. Oku unguYe kwindawo engalunganga ngayo. iziphumo efanayo - luphawu lokuba umzimba na omelana usulelo kwaye ekungafanelekanga ukuba bosulelekile.

Imfuneko unyango kuvela kuphela kwiimeko ezithile apho umgangatho ephakamileyo IgM omzimba. Ngenxa yoko, unyango uba inyanzelekile kubantu abanamajoni omzimba buthathaka. Ngenxa yokuba umzimba awukwazi ukuphuhlisa antibodies ezaneleyo ukuze kuliwe izifo. Kunye nokuthintela usulelo olungekazalwa aze aphathe amabhinqa abakhulelweyo abazibandakanyileyo uhlobo zale sifo sele zichongiwe. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo inikwa leentsana bosulelwe Esibelekweni. Oogqirha benza konke okusemandleni ukuze iyaluthintela uphuhliso iingxaki kuzo imvuthuluka.

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ukumisela unyango, kubalulekile ukucacisa zeziphi izilwa zabonwa. Therapy iyafuneka kuphela kwiimeko apho titers eziphakamileyo ka IgM elibhaqiweyo, kwaye siboniswe nobume bempilo yomntu. Therapy lwenziwa kunye arhente eziliqela antibacterial, ukukhetha irejimeni ngokupheleleyo unyango.

Ukuba isifo sele udlule ngendlela ezingapheliyo, amachiza la yifuna. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, unyango yalathiswa, njengoko umgaqo, ukuqinisa nezifo.

Ukuze yokungenelela isigaba nokoyika lokusebenzisa ezo isiyobisi, njenge "Pyrimethamine" (kwakhona epapashwe phantsi kwesihloko "Daraprim"). Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthatha izifundo, ugqirha ekhethiweyo. Yingcali usenokuncomela ukuba ukusela iipilisi iiveki 4 rhoqo, okanye yenza iiseti ezimbalwa leentsuku ezili-10. Esi sixhobo ibhalwa ezidityaniswe iziyobisi ezifana "Sulfadiazine". Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuba abadala kucetyiswa ukuba uthathe amayeza "Pyrimethamine" xa umthamo we-25 mg, yaye "Sulfadiazine" - 1 g amaxesha 2 ngosuku.

Ngaphandle kwezi kuthetha ichiza "clindamycin 'ukuze yabelwe. Wafumana ukongeza koku kungasentla.

abafazi abakhulelweyo bosulelwe emva kokukhulelwa, ukumisela amayeza "Spiramycin". Isenzo eli chiza sijoliswe ukwenzela ukunciphisa ingozi yokosulela nge nkqo - ukusuka kumama lokugula olungekazalwa.

yokulimala kwamehlo, ezivele ngenxa usana usulelo Esibelekweni, kufuneka aphathwe glucocorticosteroids. Ngokuba lo ukulungiselela "prednisolone" zingasetyenziswa. Kubelula karhulumente kunye chorioretinitis.

Ukuba Toxoplasma gondii IgG HIV, ngoko ukunyanga esi sifo yenza mqondo. Therapy kufuneka ijolise ukujonga imeko yesigulane. Kodwa ke kubalulekile ukuba sifo kuye kwabangela abanye umonakalo luvo inkqubo, ingqondo, amehlo, intliziyo, imiphunga, okanye ezinye izigqeba.