Techa umlambo kummandla eChelyabinsk

Asinguye wonke umntu uyazi umlambo Techa, nabo abayaziyo malunga ntlekele kuso, kuba becala cwaka. Kutheni? Kwenzeka ntoni kwi Techa River eChelyabinsk Oblast? Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba kupheliswe iziphumo ngozi? Khawuqwalasele izibakala.

Imvelaphi lomlambo

Techa umlambo asuka e Lake Irtyash, nto leyo ibekwe kwisithili Kasli of kummandla eChelyabinsk. Ngaphezu koko, ayajika njengokuba ngabafakwa uviko emlanjeni Iset, wadla yena, naye, siyinxalenye OB River isitya. Techa ngokwawo - libanzi nzulu. ubungakanani bayo ububanzi akufuneki ube ngaphezu kweemitha ezingama-20 kunye nobunzulu malunga kweemitha ezi-5. Kuba itshile imijelo yaseMzantsi Urals incinane kakhulu, kodwa ezintathu nemingenela yawo; oko Zyuzelga, Baskazyk kunye Mishelyak.

Umfula ugeleza kufuphi saseChelyabinsk, iikhilomitha nje 50 kude. Ukuzalisa kungenxa kuphela kwikhephu ukunyibilika entwasahlobo. Njengabanye abahlobo abaninzi kwi kwikharityhulam yezikolo ze amanzi, Techa umlambo neefomu ohamba. drop nkqo kuyo imalunga 145 leemitha, ukuze imibundu apha ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo. Kuba phezu lomlanjana kwaye kwakukho into embi embindini kwinkulungwane yokugqibela.

amachibi lokwenziwa

wakha isithili isityalo yemichiza imisiwe ukuxubana okugcina amanzi. Ezi zithinteli yokufakelwa baba inkqubo phantse eqhiwukileyo, ebe ilungiselelwe nokucocwa kwenkunkuma eqhumayo. Phantse - ngokuba nedama umlambo kanga kubo. Ezine dama kwaye uthungelwano lamajelo elapho iitanki neentlenge ye-kwinqanaba elisezantsi inkunkuma eqhumayo ulwelo, leyo zafakwa kwi uhlobo ezingenakunyibilika emazantsi amanzi. Kodwa ke, kunjalo, kuba ezifanelekileyo. Oko kwenzeka ngokoqobo kwi Techa River?

Kwaye ke inyaniso kukuba ezi amadama abazange babe nako ukuzalisekisa ngokupheleleyo ikamva lakhe. nokunganaki Human kwakhokelela nentlekele kummandla lonke, yaye lo mzuzu kummandla eChelyabinsk cishe radioactive yokulahla udoti.

I ukungcola lokuqala

Ngelishwa, nokungcoliswa yokuqala Techa River kwenzeka ngo-1949. Ngelo xesha waqalisa imveliso neplutoniyam, kwaye ulwazi lokuqala akuphumelelanga kwakhokelela evaporators kuma kwisityalo, kwakunye isisongelo yenkxwaleko yabo ngenxa umhlwa. Kwagqitywa ukuba ayeke imveliso, kwaye endaweni izkulahla inkunkuma eqhumayo kakhulu ngqo emlanjeni, nangona kule projekthi Techa wavunyelwa ukuba uwise inkunkuma yezinga eliphantsi kuphela kunye neziphakathi. Yonke into entle namhlanje uyazi ukuba nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma eqhumayo, nokuba kungaba njalo, naxa ingumbandela ozaliswe ziziphumo ebuhlungu.

Ukuqalisa ukususela ngowe-1949 ukuya 1956, oko owaphosa emlanjeni malunga 76 Mill. ^M3 kwenkunkuma eqhumayo. Kube bayonakalisa eziphila lomlambo. Ngelishwa, abantu abahlala kwindawo zingcoliswe, wayengazi nto ngaloo nto. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abantu ababephila ngelo xesha phezu kweendonga omlambo, intloko amakhadi ezizodwa, nto leyo ebonisa ubume ebalulekileyo kunye unobangela wokufa. ukuba Uninzi abafa kumhlaza, ifuthe imisebe.

ingozi

Ngowe-1957 isityalo yaba ingozi enkulu - ukuqhushumba isikhongozeli inkunkuma eqhumayo kakhulu. Ngenxa ukuqondana, ngenxa izantyalantyala zemvula kunye izikhukhula ibetheke isixa esikhulu inkunkuma eqhumayo emlanjeni. Ngu wire efanayo ngexesha ukhupha ulwenziwo isityalo ikhokelele ungcoliseko ngakumbi. It lwaqhutywa nje ukuhlisa ngamanzi izinto radioactive. Ngoko ke umlambo Techa kwingingqi eChelyabinsk waba nganeno ngaseludinini yentlekele eziphilayo.

Ngenxa ngenxa yongcoliseko strong yenzeka ngeendlela ezimbini. Okokuqala, ngomoya, ode phantse ku Tyumen, yaye okwesibini, - zolwelo. Usulelo ochaphazelekayo zombini kweendonga omlambo, ingakumbi Lake Karachay. Kuphela emva kokuba waqala kwengozi ukwakha yokucocwa kwesuweji.

Emva kweminyaka eli-10, ngo-1967, ngenxa yemozulu owomileyo kunxweme Lake Karachay, kwakukho enye intlekele. Imbalela iye yabangela ukhukuliseko zinobungozi futhi yaye komphunga kwenkunkuma eqhumayo, bayizalisa idike. Ngenxa yoko a ebizwa ngokuba yi-umzila radiation.

Zokuhlala kunye nomlambo i-Techa

Ulwakhiwo amadama kunye ukuyilwa amachibi ngumntu azikatshintshi le meko. Ukuqokelelela inkunkuma eqhumayo kuthethe ukuba umlambo Techa - oku sesona iyasuleleka kude umlambo kufutshane neendawo abahlala kuzo abantu. Ngenxa Ukufihla yento kunye non-ukuxelwa kolwazi eyinyaniso malunga ingcole kummandla wentlekele imizana. Makhe sijonge ukuba kwilali singqongwe emlanjeni Techa, yaye kwenzeka ntoni kubo.

Amadami kwakhiwa kufuphi dolophana Muslimova ibekwe 37 kweekhilomitha kude, kwaye umlomo womlambo - 165 km. Emva libanga - zokuhlala Brodokalmak (68 km), kwilali Russian Techa (97 km) kunye wahlala Nizhnepetropavlovskoe (107 km ukusuka edamini). Kuzo zonke ezi iilali amanqanaba osabekayo radiation, kodwa, ngelishwa, abantu ukuba baqhubeke baphile, bafe imiphumo ebuhlungu ngenxa yokugula radiation ezigulo ezondeleyo. Kunzima ukucinga ukuba umlambo Techa, yemisebe apho esizigubungeleyo namhlanje ngamakhulu yeekhilomitha, ndakhe indawo yokuphumla kunye wondla yonke indawo.

ngeziphumo zokosuleleka

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, imiphumo iyilwe radiation nangoku usonjululwe. Ngelishwa, baya isekhona ixesha elide kakhulu. Indalo elide kakhulu lususiwe kungcoliseko singacinganga ezinjalo. Techa umlambo kummandla eChelyabinsk namhlanje yeyona ndawo eyingozi kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Kwaye nje ukuba balahle.

Ngu emadamini zazaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwenkunkuma eqhumayo. Ngezantsi edamini Asanovskie amadobo ziye sathatha zonke izinto ezifanayo eziyingozi. Ngenxa yoko, kunye babo ungenamandla kungena Techa emlanjeni. Kuyingozi kakhulu kule meko kwaba Lake Karachai, uzele inkunkuma eqhumayo. Ukongeza, kukho ezininzi amangcwaba, imisele, amatanki kunye noovimba elithile. Indawo liphela kwithafa unogumbe lomlambo lowo eyosulelekileyo ngokupheleleyo.

Ukosuleleka

Njengoko wonke umntu uyazi, umlambo kwindawo ayinako ukuma. Apho umlambo ungena kulo Techa? Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ayajika emlanjeni Iset. Techa ngokwayo lincinane ubude kwaye ujikeleze lonke km 243. Ukuzisa nabo ngamanzi angcolile, oko Ityhefu yonke into, kuquka umlambo apho ayajika. Kufuneka ke ukuba amanzi esele ihlanjululwa, kodwa sekunjalo kuhlambuluka ngokupheleleyo yaye, ke ngoko, umlambo Techa, imitha leyo engaphezulu kwinqanaba obuvumelekileyo zezigidi amaxesha, kunye nezinye contaminates nemilambo.

Kunzima ukucinga oko kwakuza kwenzeka xa ngequbuliso zonke ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma yenyukliya uya kuwela kuwo. Uya kuhamba yokusabela chain: Techa eliya Iset Iset, yena, woba somfula Tobol River. A Tobol aqukuqela lonke Kazakhstan neRashiya, kwaye ingena kungena Irtysh. Ngakumbi kwaye esingafuni ukuzithoba phantsi bonke, ngoko ke kucacile ukuba ezi iziphumo kuya kukhokelela ngesihelegu eyoyikekayo. Thetha okulungileyo. Yintoni eyenziwayo ukuze asindise emlanjeni?

Iziganeko ngenxa yokusulungekiswa lomlambo

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, imiqathango basiwa nokulahla phantsi emlanjeni yezandyondyo. Kuthetha ukuthini? Oku kuthetha ukuba umlambo Techa, kunoko, iikhilomitha nje ezimbalwa wezandyondyo, wafumana ibhanki ezintsha. Njengenxalenye yale nkqubo yokusingqongileyo, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukwahlula esililini omlambo, uwaphalazele emhlabeni licocekile ngokohlobo ijelo. Oku ukunqanda ukuba kungangeni abantu kunye nezilwanyana amanzi ingcolisekile. Kwakhona izicwangciso igqampe ngasechwebeni imithi namatyholo ukubuyisela izityalo ezilahlekileyo.

Isiphumo la manyathelo yaba ekucutheni kakhulu kumanqanaba kwemitha. Zokutshiza umhlaba omtsha ecocekileyo wenza kube lula ukuba kulondolozwe kwiisayithi ezingcolisekileyo neetyuwa. Le misebenzi baye ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba abantu ngokuhlala phakathi kwemida Techa River. Isibakala sokuba imisebenzi yenziwe ngaphakathi kwidolophana kunye nesikhululo Muslimova ukukhusela abantu abahlala kuloo ndawo. Kulo mzekelo kulo mlambo edume ungabona iziphumo ityiwe eqatha kwemitha.