Le ntsholongwane influenza

Umkhuhlane ngoku akusekho wothuka. Thina baqhele kakhulu ukuba ndiyabona yintsholongwane yomkhuhlane, njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo.

Ngelo xesha, kwafunyaniswa kuthelekiswa kutshanje - ngo-1933, xa abaphengululi yaseBritani. Saqalisa ukuthetha malunga umkhuhlane kwiminyaka emithathu kamva (ngo-1936). Ngeentlobo omkhuhlane sasikwanti Smorodintsev. Kamva, lanikwa igama iintlobo ze "Influenza A". Emva kwenye kweminyaka emine, America uvule enye iintlobo - B. intsholongwane wabonakala kungekudala kwaye umkhuhlane virus C.

Abathathu le Yar Fir ubhubhane bababamba phantse yonke wonke kwenzeka ngo-1889, 1918 (Spanish Flu) kunye 1957 (Asia).

Isifo sephepha siyasulela, ukusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, nako ukuvula lwaba ubhubhane ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, echaphazela mzi kuphela ngamnye okanye ummandla, kodwa eli lizwe.

Noko ke, nakuba amandla omkhulu onjalo ukusasaza ngokukhawuleza, kanye igciwane influenza maloustoychiv ngokulula afe kweentsholongwane (izisombululo kwamagciwane, abilayo). Inkalo kwaye umkhuhlane ingozi efanayo lusekukhawulezeni Ukwahluka yayo (okanye zofuzo). Kamsinya nje oogqirha bafumane lugonyo olulodwa lwento, xa kukho omnye.

Enye isibetho ezinkulu - letyhefu eliphezulu. Njengomgaqo, waba ububi influenza kuvela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iingxaki, nangona umzimba eveliswe umzimba. Hi ndlela leyi, lo ngumsebenzi isebenza kanye ukuba udidi lomkhuhlane esele isiwe ngumzimba (ngokungqongqo ezithile), ngoko akukho siqinisekiso sokuba kamva ebegula hit ezinye iintlobo. Ngamanye amazwi, okukwazi eyenziwe emva kokuba intsholongwane A ntsholongwane engenamandla phambi B. Ke ethatha ixesha elifutshane.

Kuba zizifo akuyomfuneko qha ngqo: kwanele ukuba kufutshane yenethiwekhi losulelo, ingakumbi ukuba yokugqibela ethetha, ethimla, ekhohlela.

yintsholongwane yomkhuhlane eyangena iphecana yokuphefumla, Akwandise ngokukhawuleza, ebangela iimpumlo ezivuzayo yokuqala, yaye emva koko - nefiva kwaye ukukhohlela, ebambeleyo ekhankanyiweyo semithambo kunye luvo. Ingakumbi lobushushu eliphezulu abhalwe ngexesha kwiintsuku zokuqala (ukuya izidanga kwi-39, yaye ngamanye amaxesha ngaphezulu). ixesha Febrile sisaqhubeka ukuya kwiintsuku ezintlanu. Ngeli xesha, ebuhlungu ukubukela, bokusonta intloko ebuhlungu, ukugabha kunokwenzeka. Konke oku - isenzo ityhefu.

Kule uhlobo iza yehla, kodwa kuphosa phezulu "isimo" entsha, elilandelayo apho - intsholongwane flu obuphathelele ixhaphakileyo uhlobo A (ebangela omkhulu ngakumbi kwaye lihamba ngokukhawuleza bhubhane). Kutheni umkhuhlane iihagu? Kutheni lo gama?

Kubonakala ukuba le ntsholongwane ekuqaleni yaphuhliswa kuphela ezihagwini. Ukwahluka-hlukana "bhetyebhetye 'emangalisayo uvumela intsholongwane ukuba uguqule isakhiwo antigenic, ukuba bomelele, esebenzayo ngakumbi, yaye ngokulula switsha abantu.

Iimpawu ezifanayo idwelisiweyo engundoqo, kodwa kuvela ifomu ngqongqo (strong). Nakuba kule ntsholongwane, kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi. Yeyona ixhaphakileyo them - H1N1 yomkhuhlane virus (Ngaphandle iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela lokuvula H3N2, H1N2, H3N1).

Le peculiarity le igciwane - izinto zobumnini antigenic: ugonyo olwenziwe ngaye kulo nyaka, ecaleni kakade ukuba mthethweni.

virus Mutated akavumi ukuqikelela ulungiso layo, ngoko ukuba baphuhlise isitofu sokugonya kwangaphambili nayo engenakwenzeka. Kuhleli ukuba uxhomekeke kuphela kuthintelo basic umkhuhlane - yokuphila esempilweni, yokuqaqadeka nokufumana iziyobisi immunomodulatory.