Siseko ukusebenza ABS. Abamba elekhtrons System ABS. Yintoni na le ABS emotweni?

Yintoni na ABS (abamba waziqhekeza System), okanye kunoko, ukuba ziqala njani kakuhle ungayiqondiyo, ngoku eyaziwa abaqhubi abaninzi, kodwa ngaba iibhloko, yaye kutheni oku kwenziwe, uyazi nomdla kakhulu kuphela. Kwaye nangona inyaniso yokuba inkqubo enjalo ngoku efakwe kwi izithuthi ezininzi zombini amazwe kwaye ekhaya zaveliswa.

ABS inxulumene ngqo kwinkqubo elekhtrons emotweni, ngenxa yoko, ukhuseleko umqhubi, abakhweli, kwaye yonke indlela ngeenxa zonke. Ngoko ke, ukuze uyazi ukuba isebenza njani, oko kuya kuba luncedo kuye wonke umqhubi. Kodwa kuqala, ukuze uqonde nokusebenza ABS, kufuneka uqonde ukuba kuthetha ntoni na "elekhtrons oluchanekileyo."

Umgaqo "unyathela efanelekileyo"

Ukumisa imoto, akwanelanga cinezela ngexesha le emoto wayaphula. Ngapha koko, ukuba ngexesha olukhawulezayo drive yamtyumza kabukhali, amavili kumatshini uthintelwe kwaye akusayi umqulu isilayidi endleleni. Mhlawumbi kungenzeka ukuba uya kuba phantsi zonke amavili kumphezulu iyunifomu enye, ngoko ke sikhukuliswe isantya ziya kuba ezahlukeneyo, yaye oku kuyingozi. Lo matshini uza kuphinda kulawuleka kwaye aya kwi skid, apho, xa kungekho kwezakhono yomqhubi, kuya kuba nzima ukulawula. Kwaye imoto okungalawulekilyo - yinto nobangela ingozi.

Ke into ephambili elekhtrons - ayikho nzima ukutshixa kweevili uye skid ezingalawulekiyo. Ukuze wenze oku, kukho iqhinga elula - unyathela uveza. Ukuze kusigcina, akukho mfuneko ukugcina enyovwayo brake rhoqo ndidandathekile, kwaye maxa wambi siye ucofe kwakhona (ngokungathi enikina). Eli nyathelo obonakala ulula akasayi kuphulukana nolawulo lomqhubi imoto, kuba akavumeli kombisaka lwamavili ukuphulukana zokutsalwa kwimithwalo.

Kodwa kukho into zabantu notorious - umqhubi xa kukho imeko yonxunguphalo nje yokulahleka kwaye ulibale yonke imithetho. Apha Kwiimeko ezinjalo, yaye luveliswe ABS, okanye ngenye indlela - inkqubo-elekhtrons anti-lock.

Yintoni ABS (ABS)

Xa ingcaciso elula, inkqubo ABS iyunithi electromechanical ukuba ulawula inkqubo deceleration isithuthi kwiimeko ezinzima zendlela (umkhenkce, indlela emanzi njalo njalo. P.).

ABS - wayexatyiswa elungileyo umqhubi, ingakumbi labaqalayo, kodwa kufuneka baqonde ukuba kuyanceda kuphela ekulawuleni nomatshini kwaye ukuphatha nto, ngoko athembele "antiblock" ayikho imfuneko. Umqhubi kufuneka uhlole imoto yakho, ukuziphatha yawo endleleni, xa nendlela yokusebenzisa iziqhoboshi ye-ABS, yintoni elekhtrons imigama kwi imiphezulu eyahlukileyo. Ngokunqwenelekayo, lo kufuneka zihlolwe kwi kwisiphaluka elizimiseleyo ukuthintela olunye ishwangusha kule ndlela.

Into efanayo, kodwa hayi ABS

Indlela yokuqala, isiphumo leyo efana kumthetho ABS, wavela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela, kodwa zenzelwe ukuba izixhobo moya kokwehla. A efanayo, kodwa inkqubo izithuthi, iye yenziwa yi "Bosch", wayila lomenzi abasamkelayo ngo-1936. Nangona kunjalo, lo isixhobo ngokwenene isebenza obu bugcisa akwazi ukuphumeza kuphela 60s, xa semiconductors yokuqala kunye neekhompyutha. Kwaye ezabo ukudala prototype of ABS, ukongeza kwi "Bosch", wafuna nkqu "General Motors", "Jikelele Electric", "Lincoln", "Chrysler" kunye nabanye.

Iziqhoboshi imoto yokuqala

• EUnited States, nto leyo ABS, hayi kanye mandithi, Togu yayo ekufuphi kuya yodwa: abanini bafunda imoto "Lincoln" ngo-1970. Le nkqubo auto iye yafakwa, leyo inkampani iinjineli "Ford" waqalisa ukuphuhlisa kwangethuba 1954, yaye baye bakwazi ukuba uza 'ingqondo' kuphela th 70.
• Indlela efanayo ukuya ABS kwi UK liqulunqe Electric Jikelele kunye Dunlop. Wazama phezu imoto kwezemidlalo Jenssen FF, kwathi ngo-1966.
• EYurophu, malunga ingqiqo ka "inkqubo anti-ngesihlwitha imoto," Heinz wafunda eLiberia, wazithwala uphuhliso kwayo ngo-1964, esebenza njenge njengoononjineli xa Teldix GmbH, wayigqiba ngowe-1970, sele usebenza kwi Diamler-Benz. Usimisele ABS-1 lwavavanywa ngentsebenziswano olusondeleyo Bosch. Bosch, nayo, iye wakha ABS-2 yayo ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo ngo-1978 eyasekwa kuqala kwi "Mercedes" i-W116, kwiminyaka embalwa kamva kwaye BMW-7. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu inkqubo elekhtrons entsha, oko kusetyenziswa kuphela ukhetho.

Imveliso elipheleleyo serial yeemoto with "antiblock 'kwaqala ngo-1992. Oko laqala ukufaka iimveliso zabo ezinye automakers ezinkulu. Kwaye ukususela ngo-2004, le nkqubo yaqala ukuxhobisa zonke iimoto ungasuki mveliso swa yaseYurophu.

Elements of inkqubo anti-lock

Kuthiwa ABS design ikhangeleka ilula kwaye ibandakanya ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• iyunithi yolawulo-elektroniki.
• Abenzi boluvo ukulawula isantya.
• unit ngamanzi.

Iyunithi yolawulo (NB), enyanisweni, i "ingqondo" kwenkqubo (ikhompyutha), kwaye esisebenza ngayo, ezinye iyaqondakala, kodwa woluvo isantya kwaye iyunithi ngamanzi kufuneka uthethe ngakumbi.

Lo mgaqo uyasebenza womenzi woluvo speed

Ukusebenza woluvo yolawulo isantya isiphumo induction electromagnetic. Coil ezininzi ezinombindi wesiseko nosiba yi fixedly imvelaphi inyuselwa khona ukuya hub ivili (eminye imifuziselo - i drive asi reducer).

Le hub imvelaphi inyuselwa khona izixhobo ring ejikelezayo kunye kwevili. Ukujikeleza isithsaba litshintsha parameters lo mhlaba otsalayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba isenzeko ungakubhabhisa nombane. Imali ekhoyo, ngokulandelelana, kuxhomekeke isantya yevili. Kwaye, ngokuxhomekeke ixabiso layo, kuthe kwenyuka generated leyo idluliselwe unit yolawulo.

unit ngamanzi

unit ngamanzi kubandakanya:

• kwemithambo Solenoid leyo iyakwazi ukuhluleka ngo ugwebu nokukhupha yenzelwe ukunyenyisa uxinzelelo eyenziwe iziqulathi brake kwesithuthi. Inani lezibini vana ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo iziqhoboshi.
• Impompo (kunye kungenzeka yokondla umva) - iimpompo uxinzelelo oyifunayo kwinkqubo, ekondleni brake fluid evela accumulator, kwaye ngokukhetha it umva xa kukho imfuneko.
• Accumulator - yokugcina ye brake fluid.

ABS, isimiso ukusebenza

Kukho izigaba ezithathu eziyintloko ABS:

1. Pressure isiqabu akwitankana wayaphula.
2. njalo akwitankana lokugcina.
3. Ukwandisa xi lombhobho brake ukuya kwinqanaba elifunekayo.

Okokuqala, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba iyunithi ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi edibeneyo imoto kwinkqubo elekhtrons ngokungaguquki, nje emva lombhobho brake engundoqo. A valve solenoid i uhlobo vana, ukuvulwa nokuvalwa ukufikelela fluid iziqulathi brake ivili.

Ukusebenza kunye nokulawulwa kwenkqubo isithuthi elekhtrons ebanjwe, ngokuhambelana data efunyenwe unit control abenzi isantya ABS.

Emva kokuba kuqale elekhtrons ABS ufunda ukufundwa nabenzi boluvo ivili, kwaye isantya isithuthi ngcembe kunciphisa. Ukuba ezinye amavili bayeka (isilayidi phezulu), isivamvo Isantya nangoko ithumela njengomnqophiso ECU. Emva kokufumana kuyo, iyunithi yolawulo iyazingenela ivelufa zeemoto apho iibhloko ukufikelela fluid lombhobho brake ivili kunye nempompo nangoko iqala ukukhethwa kwayo, zabuyela accumulator, kengoko kususa lock. Emva kokuba ukujikeleza kwevili idlula isantya umda kwangaphambili, "antiblock", eziquka ukuvulwa lokuphuma yaye ivelufa owongozelelweyo, iyazingenela impompo, enqamleza kwelinye icala, kwanyanzeleka ukuba xi lombhobho brake, ngokwenjenjalo elekhtrons ivili. Zonke iinkqubo zenziwa ngoko nangoko (4-10 nabameli / umzuzwana.), Yaye kuqhubeka de umatshini oyekayo.

Umgaqo zingentla apha nokusebenza ABS libhekisela kakhulu oluphambili - inkqubo channel-4 kwaye ulawulo eyahlukileyo kwevili ngalinye imoto, kodwa kukho nezinye iintlobo 'antiblock ".

Ezinye iintlobo ABS

ABS Three-channel - olu hlobo nkqubo amathathu isivamvo zesantya: ezimbini zixhonywe amavili ngaphambili, kwaye eyesithathu - phezu asi angasemva. Ngako oko, iyunithi hydraulic liquka izibini ezithathu semigudu. Umgaqo we-ABS yale hlobo ukwahlula ulawulo nganye amavili ngaphambili kunye isibini angasemva.

iziqhoboshi Dual - kwinkqubo enjalo a amavili ulawulo bafundelane ngezibini, kubekwe phezu kweplanga inye.

-Channel Single ABS - isivamvo imvelaphi inyuselwa khona kwi-asi ngasemva, yaye isasaze amandla elekhtrons bonke zone ngamavili ngaxeshanye. Loo nkqubo ibandakanya isibini semigudu (zokungenisa zeemoto). wegazi utshintsho efanayo kulo lonke wesekethe.

Ukuthelekisa iindidi "antiblock", oko kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba umahluko phakathi kwabo sisixa zokulawula isantya kwaye utsale abenzi, ngokulandelelana, izivingco, kodwa ngokubanzi, umgaqo osebenza iziqhoboshi isithuthi, indlela iinkqubo ezikhoyo kulo; ifana zonke iintlobo kweenkqubo.

wenza njani ABS okanye unyathela ifanelekileyo

Ukugqiba ukumisa imoto yakho lixhotyiswe ABS, umqhubi xi lo enyovwayo brake, uvakalelwa ngathi isaqala nendlebe kancinane (lokungcangcazela kufuneka sikhatshwe isandi uphawu 'ratchet' embhoxo isandi). Olu hlobo nkqubo ingxelo ukuba ayisebenzeleyo. Abenzi boluvo funda ukusebenza ngesantya. Iyunithi yolawulo ulawula xi iziqulathi waqhekeza, ukuvimbela amavili yokutshixa ngokuqinileyo, nge "Ungqabhuko" quick podtormazhivaya kubo. Ngenxa yoko, imoto ngokuthe ngcembe uyehla kwaye kuhamba zifika, yaye ngaloo ndlela uhlala ukulawuleka. Kwanokuba indlela imtyibilizi, umqhubi nge-elekhtrons olunjalo ukulawula kuphela indlela yokuhamba kumatshini yokuma. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa ABS, kuvela ogqibeleleyo, kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - elawulwa unyathela.

Kakade ke, inkqubo anti-lock iququzelela kakhulu ubomi kumqhubi, ucazulule nokunyusa ukusebenza kwenkqubo unyathela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho inani lokusilela ekufuneka ukuba nazi, uthabathe ingqalelo practice.

nobubi ABS

Luncedo xa ABS kukuba impumelelo yayo ixhomekeke imeko lwendlela.

Ukuba endleleni lazo, umphezulu benqumla, umgama imoto elekhtrons iya kuba ixesha elide kunesiqhelo. Isizathu soku kukuba xa ivili elekhtrons ulahlekelwa ngamaxesha ibambelele (iyaxhuma) kwaye eyeka ukujikeleza. Le ABS stop ivili Ngokubhekisele njenge yokutshixa, ize ime unyathela. Kodwa ukuncitshiswa adibane isicelo brake wendlela elikhankanyiweyo akusekho elivumelana kangangoko, inkqubo kufuneka ngokutsha kwakhona, kwaye ulahle eli xesha, ngenxa apho kwandisa umgama unyathela. Nciphisa le Iziphumo zisenokuba, ukunciphisa isantya umatshini.

Ukuba ukutyabeka indlela ayikho iyunifom, kunye namacandelo alternating, ezifana njengekhephu ice indawo, ice - asphalt, ngoko ke umkhenkce kwakhona, njl Kwiimeko ezinjalo, esiwa phezu isabelo imtyibilizi, ABS, ukuphonononga ukutyabeka ulungelelanisa ngaphantsi kwalo inkqubo elekhtrons ngethuba lenguqu .. ku asphalt "antiblock" kufuneka kwakhona ukuba ngokutsha, njengoko umkhosi elekhtrons esikhethiweyo kwindawo emtyibilizi kwi asphalt olusebenza, kwenyusa ubude indlela unyathela.

Kunye evakalala ABS umhlaba kwakhona "abahlobo", kule meko, inkqubo-elekhtrons eqhelekileyo isebenza ngcono kakhulu njengoko ivili itshixiwe phantsi igqibe elekhtrons emhlabeni, ukwakha indlela yayo ummango, nokuthintela enye ikhosi, kwaye ibalekisa emotweni ukuze ayeke.

Xa "antiblock" ngezantya ephantsi engumlwelwe ngokubanzi. Ngoko ke, xa eqhuba kwindlela emtyibilizi uya ekwehleni, kufuneka ukulungiselela olu kusiba krakra, uze ugcine zikwimeko entle "handbrake", nto leyo isetyenziswe xa kuyimfuneko.

Xa ndiqukumbela, siphawula ukuba ABS nakanjani a Ukongeza elungileyo inkqubo elekhtrons ekuvumela ukuba ukulahlekelwa ukulawula imoto phantsi unyathela. Noko ke, umntu kufuneka sisoloko sikhumbula ukuba le nkqubo ayikho onke, kwaye kwezinye iimeko kusenokuba dlel.