Yintoni na izikhululo zepetroli ukuzaliswa qualitative: ukubuyekeza mlinganiselo

Abaqhubi abanamava lilixa liphi Gas kakhulu ipetroli ezikumgangatho ophezulu. amava angathethekiyo nganye "ACE iindlela Russian" kwoqwebo kungekhona ngenxa yenzuzo buqu kunye nezibonelelo. Ngenxa baye: ukungenziwa imilinganiselo, ubukho ubumdaka (ukuba ukunyaniseka: ipetroli ubuncinane - hayi ezimuncu, kodwa bungxengwe ngamanzi kunye amafutha kunye nenani octane osezantsi) izaliswe sempi enkulu.

izihluzi yegazi, amakhandlela baphumele

Ukuba sisondela umba ngaphandle ingqalelo eyiyo, imoto kancinci kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo, yaye ngamanye amaxesha nangoko uyiphendula waphula i "amandla" le mithetho. izihluzi yegazi, injectors imbi, carbon iidipozithi amakhandlela - hayi uluhlu olupheleleyo zizinto ezimbi, elindele kuthi emva kokuba balizalise itanki yamafutha uyazi ukuba nangona baqinisekiswa ukuba oku kubaswa elungileyo.

Into ekufuneka uyazi ukwenzela ukuthintela iingxaki ezinxulumene utyelelo kwi "ephosakeleyo," garaji? Ukuqalisa ekuhlalutyeni imiba echaphazela umgangatho amafutha: inombolo octane (ipetroli antiknock umlinganiselo), isindululi, angokokusebenza namaqhezu ekupheleni umlinganiselo kwealkali umxholo, ii-asidi, oganikhi khompawundi, etc ...

Nangona kukho imbono ukuba akusoloko amafutha garaji sokuthengisa ngcono kunalowo baqonde iingongoma kancinane-eyaziwayo, abaqhubi abaninzi umbuzo malunga "amafutha best" apho igesi kwizikhululo bazithengise kokumfaneleyo, oko ngathi ka-Shell, "Rosneft", nabanye station untwisted.

Xa akukho mfuneko sawo

Wazi njani malunga esweni inkqubela esemgangathweni amafutha? Abanini Law-yokuhlala yokugalela nganye ukubonisa esidlangalaleni izatifikethi ezizodwa. Ndifuna ukukholwa: leyinene, njengoko kubhaliweyo. Ngelishwa, amava abonisa ukuba akusoloko idatha isiqinisekiso sobunyani bukhanye esemthethweni. Funa i eluncedo efanayo zepetroli 80 kungabi 95 unako - amanani noqhekeko zahlukile.

Ngaphambi kokuba sithethe ngalo naliphi na igesi kwizikhululo kuthengisa ipetroli umgangatho ophezulu, isilinganiso uqikelelo, umthengi. Ethandwa kakhulu th 95, mncinane ethandwayo - 76th. Kwaye kwenzeka ntoni? Bacinge ukuba abanye abasebenzi izikhululo igesi bafunda icebiso Dale Carnegie "Ukuba isiphelo kulamula uninikile - yenza sawo 'endleleni yabo self-bakhonza. Ukusebenzisa ekuthiwa-additive ukuba amafutha emoto ayekwi (ezifane), zithabathele th 76 "lemon" wenze nantoni na oyifunayo, ukuya 95 "Brandy".

Kulo mxube ethandabuzekayo kusebenza inani elikhulu iimoto kwilizwe liphela. Eyona yingozi improvers emotweni, ekuqaleni kongezwa umbandela ekrwada ipetroli yenziwe kuzo. Noko ke, asingabo bonke "ukufuna" zitsho elibhalwe ngokuqhelekileyo kwi isazela labathengisi amafutha. Umzekelo, inani octane zepetroli uyawa, ukuba igcinwe elide kakhulu. Oku kwandisa isiqulatho tar (ngenxa yokonyuka uyondelelwano lwee- hydrocarbon fuel).

funa umhlobo

Njani ukuba ndiphoswe kunye yokukhetha izikhululo zepetroli? ngeendlela ezininzi. Okokuqala cela abo izimvo ucinga injongo nethembekileyo (nabahlobo, nabo, izalamane). Nangona kule kuluhlu imxinwa izimvo zinokwahluka, ungenza ukubamba kumda wesangqa intshukumo, ukufikelela kwizigqibo. Eyona ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye brand othenjiweyo eRashiya ngo-2016 zezi :. "Lukoil", "Gazprom Neft", ka-Shell, "TNK" Kodwa ke, mhlawumbi, ukuba isicelo kwiziko kuphela?

Kukholelwa ukuba, kwilizwe lam, uyakwazi ayamkele into yokuba isikhululo igesi, nto leyo eyaziwa ophezulu abathengi ikomkhulu likaThixo, athengise amafutha, ayihambelani umgangatho. Kufuneka wenze ntoni kule meko? Udliwano-ndlebe nabahlali bengingqi phakathi abaqhubi beemoto apho bakhetha ukuba sinikezelwe. Okanye ubukele i 'ukuziphatha' yeemoto ngamanani zasekuhlaleni. Kwezinye izikhululo amathuba okuba - yinyaniso.

Enye ngobuqili: Eminyakeni ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo ngamazwi acacile "kubunewunewu", "premium" kuludwe amanani kwisikhululo amafutha. Khumbula ukuba splurge kweli xesha lethu zentengiso, bayakwazi bonke. Khangela ukuba titsongahata kancinane: igama lophawu ngaphandle nayiphi "abandwendweli." Ngoko thaca iimpahla apho kungekho mfuneko lokubonisa ukuba luphawu nezingqinekayo.

olingene passport

Kuphantsi kweziphi Gas kakhulu ezikumgangatho ophezulu ipetroli? Izimvo zabantu maxa wambi kancinane (ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu) swap athi ukuphucuka. Umzekelo, kwi ingxenye engcono kwinkampani ezintathu Shell. Kukholelwa ukuba imveliso imvelo (elungelelene Euro imigangatho 4) ziyalandelwa ekuvelisweni GOST. Inkqubo wamafutha ingcolisekile. Kodwa uyakwazi ukuva ukuba Shell (kwaye "TNK"), kwezinye iimeko, ukuphumeza izibaso awugcinwanga ezifama coolest itanki (abanini kweendawo zokugcina sbagrivayut amaqabane, makayixhome ngokuzolileyo, ayikho).

Ngoko ke, ingqalelo, ingqwalasela, kwaye ingqalelo kanye kwakhona. Hlola le ndawo umboleki kwisikhululo igesi, khangela ukuba ipetroli yokundwendwela. Ukuba amafutha uyaphuculwa, isiphathele uxwebhu eyahlukileyo. Funda ayo, ukuba le nkqubo lwaqhutywa ngokwe GOST okanye ngokwesiseko iinkcukacha. Vavanya ukhuseleko esingqongileyo, phawula igama umenzi-wokucokisa.

olingene ukuze lixesha yokundwendwela (iintsuku olusebenzayo 10). Amanani okokuqala ekupheleni kweli xesha kuyathotywa, umgangatho amafutha uyawa. Musa ukuthatha amathuba, musa ukuthenga kwi-goryuchku garaji wayeqhelene ngaphambili kunye data yokundwendwela. Xa uhlobo loxwebhu ayikho - lo umqondiso ukholo embi nomthengisi.

Musa babasukele, umqhubi, ngokuba cheapness!

Phantse wonke umqhubi yesibini Ukhe wacinga na ngendlela apho ukuthenga ipetroli zibiza imali eninzi kakhulu. Kuyinto ngumnqweno Kuyaqondakala. Ke emi ukugcwaliswa kunye mveliso "ngexabiso elifanelekileyo", bacinga: i GOST akunakwenzeka ukuba efikeleleka kakhulu, aze eyakhiwe ngokwemigangatho TU ngokuqinisekileyo liya kuba luncedo kakhulu ukuba imoto yakho. kwizinga nemvelo ngqongqo kuhlala ngaphantsi.

Xa ukwazi ukuba ezinye izikhululo igesi umgangatho ipetroli ephezulu, Kakade ke, namandla. Kodwa khumbula ukuba kwizixeko ezinkulu mbumbulu kunye amafutha onganeno ingaphantsi, kude kangangoko banako ukugcina amehlo. Ukongeza, ngexesha ipetroli ngeveki ilunge ngaphezu ngeempela-veki nangeeholide.

Khangela umgangatho. Jonga ukubonakala ulwelo olunokutsha, ukuba bavote umbala. Kukho imibala enetyhefu - ukudlala ikhuselekile, musa niwuzalise itanki yamafutha, nokuba ixabiso kuhenda.

Malunga umbala. Iingcali zithi i-A-72, wavuka, kwi-A-76 - Yellow, ukususela 93rd --orenji-ezibomvu, i-95 kufana COLOR juice esiswini (omthubi noluhlaza). Nangona kukho abo bafumanisa ukuba ngamanye amaxesha kubonakala ngathi sawo "neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya" nentandabuzo umgangatho.

Yintoni kunuka?

Kukho itsheki ukuya ngaphandle kwebala. Oku kwenziwa uvuza ipetroli esandleni (kwicala diff inovakalelo ngaphezulu). isikhumba Dry? Wena wenza ukhetho elungileyo. nentwana kutyetyiswa kuhlala? Misa! I-diesel wongezelela ngaphezu nokuhla kodidi. nevumba elibi kakhulu - ukunika umqondiso fuel inkathazo. Abaqhubi banamava abaqala ingqalelo kuyothusa xa ukubamba ivumba yerabha atshiswayo kunye nobume.

La macebiso kuya kukunceda ukuba ukwazi amabakala ephantsi umgangatho amafutha, kodwa iindlela abafezekileyo uvavanyo. Kukho wasiqwalasela imichiza, leyo kwenziwa ekhaya. into Test igalelwe iglasi evela zeglasi kunye waphawula. Xa emazantsi iidiphozithi umle imiswe? Oku kubonisa ukuba zamafutha ahlanganiswe carbon okanye benzene.

Ukuba uthathe iphepha uze ufake kuyo nethontsi ipetroli, oku emoyeni ngokupheleleyo, mgangathweni - kukushiya indima kutyetyiswa kunye emdaka. Ukuba ngomlilo yotsalo - komtshiso ecocekileyo ngaphandle, azafunyanelwa ndawo, hayi kanye mandithi, uya kuhlala isangqa emhlophe. Ubukho brown natyheli ibonisa agqithisile nentlaka. Ingakumbi Abaqhubi zivule asebenzise ekufundweni amafutha walidla imoto ozithandayo, kwiilebhu ezizodwa.

Siyaqhubeka ukuvavanya

Kwilebhu kwaye alifikeleli? Gcina imifuniselo zobuqu: ubone indlela aziphatha ngayo ukuhla zepetroli kwi kwiglasi? "Guinea" laphalala ububanzi yaye-5 mm? Ngenxa yoko, uyazikhomba nentlaka khona 9-10 milligrams 100 mililitha ngamnye (standard ukuba amafutha umgangatho - 7-15 mg).

Kwalo ukuba milimitha-30? emahlamvini umxholo ngaphaya yaye ifikelela milligrams malunga 19 ukuya 21 ezilikhulu ngeemililitha. egqithileyo okusisigxina lo mzobo ngesiqingatha kunciphisa Ihlala nge-20%.

Phezu ubungakanani bamanzi kuvavanyo ipetroli. Yongeza isiqulathi kunye ziikristale kukudla potassium permanganate. Ukuba ukwakheka ziya kuphathelela purple - apho H2O kwemfuneko. Ngokomgangatho, ziikristale musa ukuluhlakaza amafutha. Utwa olingene okhokelayo ezifakwa yintlantsi iiplagi, zonakalise izixhobo amafutha.

Beautiful elithi "ariometr"

Kanitelno? Noko ke, simele ukuba bafunda ukuqaphela indlela arcade games yayanele eRashiya apho ipetroli kukufumanisa ukuba kubonakale. Abantu abaninzi ungathanda ukusebenzisa yasekhaya ipetroli gauge (ariometrom). Kakade ke, thembela lokuchaneka kwedatha efunyenwe ngayo, akuyomfuneko ngayo. Kodwa ukuba ufuna ukwahlukanisa "ingqolowa nomququ" ukuchaza ipetroli nedizili amafutha, ariometr - into oyifunayo. Ekubeni ezichongiweyo le ngxaki kunye amafutha kuthabatha ixesha kuxilongo imoto yobungcali.

Kwimeko umonakalo zothutho kunye nokulungiswa ngenxa iimela njengesonakeleyo, ukuba izigqibo zelebhu malunga amafutha ephantsi-umgangatho, ungenza isicelo Federal Service (ezinikele kukhuselo lwamalungelo kwabathengi ') kunye nesicelo ukuze kubuyiswe iindleko ukuzisa umatshini ukuya kwimo yokusebenza.

TOP-10

Ikhangela, apho kukho khona iphezulu umgangatho 95 ipetroli naliphi na kwizikhululo igesi, abanye abaqhubi ukwenza uhlolo, bapase babeziindleko eRashiya. Le lokulinga wabonisa ukuba iisampulu ezisibhozo sulphur ukuhlangabezana neemfuno Class 4 (isibini apho akufutshane yesihlanu), ababini babonisa iklasi lesithathu (sithetha malunga nokuqulethwe sulphur). Ngoko asingabo bonke ibuhlungu kangaka. Ukuba awunguye ukusuka inqanawa ukuba imane, musa niphuthuma cheapness, kufuneka zonke ithuba ukugcwalisa up ehloniphekile 95-m, nokuba ikuluphi kwikona yelizwe kwaqala le wanderlust.

Indumiso "Gazpromneft" iintlobo "ipetroli Kirishi" (iimvavanyo ukunika result ozinzileyo HIV). Eyokuqala kwezi kuye zityalo amabini - eMoscow Yaroslavl, bobabini kuqinisekisa umgangatho imveliso.

Kwanabo ke kudidi i "top ezilishumi xivindzi» :, Shell yi ezaziwayo-kakuhle inkampani "TNK", "Rosneft". Eqhelekileyo abaninzi "TNK-BP", "ft". AZS ezi iintlobo ezisekelwe kwisibaso yasekhaya (ngaphandle - le ipetroli 98-th). Kodwa lumka: kwindawo engalunganga, okanye "hayi ngeli xesha" sinokujamelana ubunyani ukungangqinelani ofisa kwaye eyona - izikhalazo malunga umgangatho agents.

kwizinga German and Russian

Kukho inkampani encinane "Statoil" kunye "PTK" abathengi ezinkulu, wayesaziwa kakuhle, kodwa hayi kangako oyithandayo. Ukusondeza ngaphandle uluhlu umgangatho avareji "Tatneft" (musa abanefama itanki) kunye "Bashneft" (kukho isisekelo). Zahlula phakathi isihlalo 10. Ngokumalunga novavanyo jikelele, kukho i-International Center for Oversight Division for umgangatho amafutha. Kukholelwa ukuba umgangatho games ehlabathini zepetroli ethengiswa eJamani. In yesibini indawo Japan, eyesithathu - kumazwe amathandathu, kuquka Austria, Estonia, Finland kunye iHungary, Sweden.

Yintoni na, umgangatho zepetroli, kwisikhululo igesi na? Lo mbuzo uthanda buciko. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba kuyimfuneko ukubambelela umgaqo "garaji mnye - umvelisi enye". Abanye bakholelwa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba isicelo kwizikhululo ezahlukeneyo, njengoko kwathiwa. Ukanti abanye bathi ukuba isikhululo igesi encinane kwaye otovaritsya amafutha umgangatho ophezulu, kunye tofo ukubhabha. It uyavumelana kuphela!

Kubonakala ukuba alumkileyo kubo andifuni ukuba impendulo ecacileyo nomba koko Gas kakhulu ezikumgangatho ophezulu ipetroli. Ukuqonda umba. Kwaye uya kusoloko ufumane ukuqhuba efunekayo ngeenxa zonke babeziindleko ezinkulu eRashiya.