Eletha - yibhaktheriya intonga ezimile

Iintsholongwane - eziphilayo ezincinane, abancinane kakhulu, nto leyo alubonakali ngeliso lenyama. Bathi akukho mda yi iqokobhe ngumongo. amagciwane ezinjalo kwinzululwazi mihla kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-3,000, abahlala phakathi kwazo icandelo enkulu bacilli. Eletha - yibhaktheriya intonga-ezimile. Kwaye igama layo ngu kubonisa ngqo lo mbono (Latin: bacillum - stick). Ezi bhaktheriya ziye ngokuba sisazinzulu waseJamani V. Kohn kwimilo, efana stick.

uhlobo lwegciwane

Yintoni ukuthini ngeebhakther isambrela elithi "eletha"? Oku impela sodidi ebanzi gram-HIV iintsholongwane imilo isici. Ke ngoko kuqala kwiinto zonke, ukongeza ngembonakalo, zisebenzisa ukukwazi ukwenza imbewu ekhonza intracellular yokwandisa kunye nolondolozo lweentlobo kwiimeko ezinzima. Asingawo onke, kodwa ezinye iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo kunye ityhefu izifo ebantwini yaye, ke ngoko, yayintsholongwane eyosulela (ngakumbi ngabo uchaze ngezantsi). Kwaye uninzi lwale ntsholongwane - saprophytes, ubukhulu becala abaphila emhlabeni.

yokwahlukanisa esiku

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba "iintsholongwane eletha" - yokuhlela kunokuba eqhelekileyo. Namhlanje lisetyenziswa kwi eziphilayo zinqabile. Le ndibano kukuba uhlobo bacilli ngokuqhelekileyo iintsholongwane ezininzi (ngaphandle cocci ukuba ngeenxa), kunye neentlobo enkulu ezincinane wabonakalisa imbonakalo yabo wand. Kodwa kusenokwenzeka nangoku ukuchonga ezinye iimpawu eziphambili generalizing ngokwesini.

Iimpawu eziphambili

1. Uninzi bacilli - saprophytes. Bona ukuguqula imveliso zomgquba, ukuba iikhompawundi zondle ngenxa yomsebenzi wayo.
2. Ukunyamezelana mpilo. Kubo ke akukho kwetyhefu, kunye nabantu abaninzi basebenzisa yona yokuphefumla (aerobic).
3. Eletha ukwenza imisebenzi yabo kubalulekile ngenxa ekudibaneni kwemichiza.
4. Ezi intshukumo iintsholongwane kunye mobile lwenziwa ngendlela misila.
5. Virulence: iintsholongwane ezininzi ezidala izifo ebantwini.

imibutho

Uninzi bacilli intonga ezibusazinge neyohlulwe kweseli ezininzi.

• Diplobatsilla - umbutho isibini, zidibene iiseli ezimbini virus.
• Streptobatsilla - chain, apho iiseli eziliqela zidityaniswe zibe liqela. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, inegciwane anthrax elide kakhulu, ngohlobo ngokubhijela nemisonto imibutho chain.

iimbambano

Eletha - yibhaktheriya ekwaziyo wokusungula sikuyo. Le ukuyilwa ibihlungu isenokuba yenye iimpawu ezininzi ezicacileyo ukuze yokuhlela. Ngaphezu koko, ukutshintsha nokumila ukuma imbewu bacilli esiseleni yebhaktiriya. Xa inegciwane ngqi, umzekelo, iimbambano n'ekiweebwayo ekupheleni iseli, amnike uhlobo yeentsasa igubu (clostridia). Kwaye bacilli butyric - embindini yeseli, ngoko ubanike simise yokuluka (plektridii).

Imbewu bacteria zibonakaliswa zizazinzulu amaqumrhu elide zonke iintlobo ubomi kwiplanethi enguMhlaba. Akumangalisi, abanye babe akukho ukutya kwamathandabuzo. Baya abanganyangekiyo umphunga, omiswe, imitha, yokunqongophala kwe-oksijini, asidi. Nokuphumla, kwiimpikiswano eqinile kakhulu. Bona ifumaneka kuzo zonke iindawo zokuhlala on Earth. Xa iimeko zivuma kwenzeka, le mpikiswano ke ngokukhawuleza kusabela kwindawo yabo baze ihlume, uqhubekeko ukukhula kakhulu.

Imizekelo bacilli izifo

• Inegciwane anthracis - i-arhente causative of anthrax. Phathogenicity kuthiwa iqela lesibini.
• Inegciwane cereus - i-arhente causative losulelo zinetyhefu lokutya emzimbeni lomntu.
• Bordetella pertussis - ifumaneka imiphunga, ibangela unkonkonko.
• Goch kaThixo eletha - ngunobangela usulelo sisifo sephepha nezifo.
• Ngqi eletha - arhente causative ze ngqi.

Kodwa asingabo bonke iintsholongwane eziyingozi. isayensi Modern uye wafunda ukusebenzisa iimpawu zabo ezintle. Ezinye iintsholongwane zisetyenziswa imveliso njengoko abavelisi protease kunye amylase. A buthi eziveliswa ngabo, zisetyenziswa zinambuzane ukuze kukhuselwe izityalo.