Reftinskaya ingozi: ngubani na ukuba ityala?

Imfuneko isityalo amandla yesithili karhulumente (GRES olufinyeziweyo) isuka khona kudala. Inxalenye enkulu izakhiwo zokuhlala kunye zoshishino ezifuna umbane yonke imihla. It TPP uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana phantse ngokupheleleyo le mfuneko. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kwenzeke ezingxamisekileyo ngamandla. Izizathu zininzi, kodwa wabathetheli eziphambili izixhobo banxibe. Ngaba Akukho ngaphandle kunye Reftinskaya GRES, le ngozi apho bazisa kakhulu iingxaki.

Brief Reftinskaya amandla

Reftinskaya State District Power Plant - kunazo zonke izityalo wamandla oshushu kwi Russian Federation. Sikhoyo kummandla Sverdlovsk, 2.5 km ukusuka Reftinsky zokuhlala.

umthamo power of 3800 MW. Intlobo yezibaso - Ekibastuz amalahle kunye ixabiso calorific ka 16.3 MJ / kg. Njengoko ukuqala izenzo oil amafutha.

TPP isekiwe ukuba umbane kwiindawo woshishino Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Perm kunye eChelyabinsk iingingqi. ukwakhiwa isityalo amandla yaqala ngo-1963, ngo-1970 ukumiselwa kweyunithi yokuqala ngo-1980 - yokugqibela.

Imbali le mveliso

Nangaloo maxesha ngo-1963 yiko elizayo Reftinskaya isityalo amandla yesithili karhulumente yawela kufutshane nedolophu asbhestosi. Kwihlathi onjalo wazisa umnqweno ukufumana kokufanelekileyo ukuba ukwakhiwa site mveliso. Kwaye bafumana ezinqwenelekayo; kulo nyaka, kukho iye ekhandiweyo emhlabeni isikhonkwane sokuqala, ekuphawuleni ekuqaleni yokwakha.

Ngaphaya koko, njengoko isityalo amandla iyakhiwa, ngenzondelelo ukumlandela iKomiti yoMmandla Sverdlovsk. amava World, simse technical ngelo xesha - yonke imizamo sele esityalwe kuyilo kwesakhiwo ngokwayo. Matshi 1967 wabona kungekabekwa imitha yokuqala cubic of olungundoqo isiseko isityalo elizayo.

Ukususela ngowe-1970 ukuya 1980, omnye emva komnye, emva kokuba kugqitywe uviwo ngenyameko, usungule iiyunithi. Kwathiwa ke lonke ilizwe, kwaye kwacaca ukuba le mveliso yesithili karhulumente yeyona onomtsalane, ngenxa yokuba amandla ayo lifikelele irekhodi eliphezulu 3,800 MW. Enemveliso loo usomandla idibana neemfuno wonke loo mmandla phambene.

equipment Reftinskaya

Le mveliso amandla isebenzisa iinkqubo zilandelayo:

1. amafutha. Lufezeke kukuziswa kwamalahle ngololiwe. Kwamafutha sidla ngokusebenzisa isikhululo ugandaganda ngokwayo. izikhongozeli ezahlukeneyo ngqo kwi stock TPP ezabelwe yokugcina ioli isibaso.
2. supply Water. Ngomhla kwintsimi mveliso i edamini iinkqubo zokupholisa. Ukongeza, sebenzisa lwamkelo amanzi enzonzobila.
3. ash ngamanzi. Ash kunye zeBlack isusiwe ngemibhobho zanikezelwa kwi indawo yokulahla inkunkuma.
4. unyango Water. Ukulungiselela le njongo, isikhululo unalo demineralizer.
5. esweni kunye nenkqubo yolawulo. It olwenziwe iiplanga izixhobo kolawulo izixhobo. Kukho kweplanga inye zonke iiyunithi ezimbini.
6. inkqubo zokuhlanjululwa igesi. Ukuze kufikelelwe ekuhlambululeni irhasi kusetyenziswa precipitators electrostatic, uluhlu apho kufuneka kwabelwane ngazo.

Esimnandi 2006 ukusebenza ngamandla?

Phambi kokubhiyozela ka-2007, akukho bani ulaziyo Reftinskaya GRES (ingozi yonke wothuka) ngesiquphe lutshitshe. Yaba ekupheleni kukaDisemba, emoyeni ngenxa emoyeni loNyaka oMtsha kubalulekile, kwaye ngesiquphe - likaxakeka. Okokuqala kutshabalalisa iyunithi amandla yeshumi, umlilo wathinjwa nokuthinjwa, uphahla yaqala ukuna. Emva yawa iibhloko yesixhenxe neyesibhozo. Iyunithi yesithoba yalungiswa ngokubanzi.

Kakade ke, ezi ziganeko ziye zancitshiswa kakhulu ukusebenza ngamandla. Kunye nenkqubo amandla Sverdlovsk lonke ezikrokrelekayo kakhulu unreliability.

Ngokutsho iziphumo ezifunyenwe yikomiti yesebe kuphethwa ilahleko ngamandla, yaye yena wenza ngaphezulu kwezigidi 237 engange. Kodwa akukho namnye wakha kurhanelwa ukuba ingozi kwi Reftinskaya 2006 - asiyiyo yodwa kwaye hayi wokugqibela.

Agasti 2016: wezisa?

Indoda sithi ukuze yonke into. Oko kukuthi, naxa yonke ngequbuliso ngaphandle ngamandla kwi ecaleni zokuhlala zesikhululo, abantu baye basabela laphendula ngaphezu kukoyika: "ingozi Kwakhona kwi Reftinskaya - ukubhabha intloko ...". System kwimimandla Tyumen kunye Sverdlovsk kuphela ngokupheleleyo ngenxa kwiingingqi zabo, nto leyo ke, luqhawulwe nje ukusuka igridi engundoqo amandla.

Ngenxa okuvelisa izixa kakhulu amandla, akumangalisi ukuba kukho intshiyekela. Abantu Kungenzeka uqaphele likaxakeka. Yiloo nto kuphela umntu ningazi ukuba uyazibuza ukuba kwenzeka ntoni, esithi into efana: "Le kukududuzela! Reftinskaya, ingozi - waphazamiseka, ayikwazi kuba "!.

Ngenxa ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokhuseleko izixhobo, ukuba icinyiwe. Kwakufuneka phantse kube nafuthe ukusebenza kweenkqubo amandla. Banokuchaphazeleka kwakhona wayengekho apho.

Le ngozi ngayo ukulungela kweeyunithi zomkhosi yasekuhlaleni?

Ngokutsho imithombo enokuthenjwa, nokuba ingozi kwi abakwazanga Reftinskaya 22.08.2016 kunyaka ngandlel akonwabanga umsebenzi kweeyunithi zomkhosi. Kumsindo umbane langoku, kodwa ngumqondiso wokuqala loqhawulo kunokwenzeka ukusuka kwinkqubo engundoqo ngamandla, zonke izinto ze-Russian Federation Ministry of Defence sele idityaniswe stand-alone backup imithombo.

Le meko akazange ngxaki unsolvable. Nangona ukuphazamiseka (leyo, ngokuzenzekelayo, wathabatha khona indawo kwi imimandla weRiphablikhi zeAltai, Khakassia, Buryatia, njalo njalo), The ukulwa ukukulungela kweeyunithi zomkhosi kuhlala ingaguqukanga.

Zeziphi iinkampani nangoku buhlungu?

"Sibur" yayisamana ezinye iilahleko. inkampani enqila "Tomskneftekhim" yanyanzeleka ukuba gxotha imveliso; abangele ke amaza ukuphambuka ubuncinane Reftinskaya yengozi. Ngamanye amazwi, le undervoltage langoku. Ngenxa impendulo ekhawulezileyo iinkqubo zokuzikhusela, zonke izixhobo iye okwethutyana zicinywe yaye ngenxa yoko wahlala lomelele.

Naxa esinjalo abasebenzi imeko engaqhelekanga 'Tomskneftekhim "Akazange aphakuzele waza waphakamisa yokothuka. Ku nangoko ikhangelwe ubukho kusisisongelo kokusingqongileyo kunye nabantu. Ezi izisongelo ababengekho, yaye emva kwexesha elifutshane inkampani aqala imveliso.

Ibuyisela amandla

Xa kukho ukusilela systemic, nangoko Reftinskaya TPP waqalisa ukuzama ukuphinda unikezelo lombane ke abasebenzisi basekhaya. Enterprises of "Lukoil" kummandla we Urals; "Tomskneftekhim"; izinto ezininzi eOmsk kunye Kemerovo kwimimandla - bonke ababesele ngaphandle ngamandla. iiyure ezimbalwa kuphela emva wakwazi ukuseka umbane kubo bonke abathengi.

Ukongeza, malunga nentsimbi yesibhozo ngokuhlwa kwi Reftinskaya uqalile umsebenzi iiyunithi lokwazisa kunye neenkqubo nokumisa. Oko kukuthi, ukususela ekudalweni le ngozi ngokubhekiselelwe phantse epheleleyo kwenzeka kuphela ezimbalwa iiyure. Ungabona abasebenzi isityalo amandla promptness!

Ngubani omnye okwaziyo kusala ngaphandle igunya?

Njengoko Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation ingxelo yokuba ukukhubaza eminye imigca ngamandla. Phakathi kwabo, "Tyumen-Nelym", "nolovane-Tatarka" kunye nabanye. Kwaye ke umgca wesibini ngentla iye ngokuzenzekelayo uqale ayiphumelelanga.

ESiberia ubunzima kweendawo ezibalulekileyo kakhulu qhinga. Ezo iiyunithi zomkhosi, umzekelo. Shiya ngaphandle kombane kunye nemveliso - kuthetha ukuzithobela phantsi kogrogriso kwaye ngokubhekiselele ekuphuhliseni imveliso kuyimfuneko, kwaye yinxalenye isakhono yokulwa.

Ngenxa yoko kwenzeka uthungelwano lombane circuit elifutshane (ingozi Reftinskaya TPP alikwazanga amvimbe) ayikwazanga ukuza kwimo yokusebenza. Nangona ke labuyiselwa, uninzi imigca yomphakamo-ombane, yaye akazange apho ukusebenza.

Ingaba kukho ingozi kwakhona ucinezelo-?

Alithandabuzeki elokuba, umba umdla ezininzi, ingakumbi abasebenzi ngokwabo isityalo amandla zezithili karhulumente kummandla Sverdlovsk. Kodwa siyakwazi ukubona ukuba uhlalutyo sele-waphawula umlilo kunye nophahla ukuwa: yindlela yokuphumelela ngokuphindaphindiweyo liphezulu kakhulu. izixhobo sikhululo engasekho itshintshile. Ewe, kumaxesha Soviet, yaba uyilo olugqwesileyo, kodwa ukususela ngoko izinto abaye, indawo ubugcisa kwenkulungwane afika mihla. Yinto nje kuba iingcamango izixhobo ezitsha. Ukuba ayikabikho ibhajethi ayivumeli moshilongo ngexesha kunye nokulungiswa koomatshini kunye nofakelo ukutshintshwa ugesi efanayo ngokunjalo, imveliso leyo unokuza azisalungiseki.

Khumbula ukuba iiyunithi amandla sele iminyaka 30-40 ubudala. Kaloku babengazange indawo okanye ubuncinane kulungiswe enkulu. Ezi zinto zingaba imfuneko ukugcina ukhuseleko ngendlela epheleleyo. Oko kukuthi, ukuba kungekhona langoku, ubuncinane impendulo ekhawulezileyo ukuya likaxakeka. Ngapha koko, nokuba ukuwa elilandelayo kophahla iya kuba iiyunithi ezimbalwa ngaphezulu, apho kuya kuba lula ukwenza umbane.

Reftinskaya, le ngozi owenzeka ngowama-2016, kuye kwadingeka ngempela ixesha kwakhona ukusuka yonxunguphalo yokugqibela ngo-2006. Ke umphumo onzima kakhulu. Ewe, kwaye ngaphezu - phantse billion amabini engange zibiza station recovery.

Emva umlilo ungakwazi ukuvimbela TPP ixesha elide, ukuba ngonaphakade.

Xa sicinga ukuba eli amandla kule meko namanje ngokukhulu ukunika iindawo ezininzi, kuyacaca ukuba wagwetyelwa utyalo-mali yotshintsho kwizikhululo. Kufuneka senze konke okusemandleni sisaci kwalo mbutho eli binzana: "Reftinskaya GRES - walawula ingozi!". Ngapha koko, ukuba akukho mbane, ngoko lonke ilizwe liya enkulu ukungaphumeleli, kokubini kwimveliso kunye nenzululwazi, kwaye kwezinye iindawo.