Pavlovsk - St Petersburg - njani ukufumana kuloliwe

Ezikufutshane umzi-hero of St. Petersburg Pavlovsk - yinxalenye imbali kwikomkhulu wasentla. abameli ezininzi ubukhosi Russian yasebukhosini ubehlala kulo. Tsarskoye Selo, Pavlovsk, Saint-Petersburg - Amafoto ezi zixeko edume zithiwe thaca kwiphepha. lisukela emva kwinkulungwane elinesixhenxe imbali yazo. Kwaye ngoku kummandla ipoma nophuculo wasentla ke wezakhiwo ibhotwe kunye park enzima, i Museum-Reserve "Pavlovsk". St. Petersburg linxulunyaniswa imyuziyam kweeprojekthi ndibanisela entsimini bezenkcubeko elilifa yaseRashiya. Iziko le imbaxa i Pavlovsk Palace, owayesakuba kuyo ehlobo loMlawuli Paul I.

Pavlovsk, imbali yesixeko

City Pavlovsk Saint Petersburg abakhweli kuphela kwiikhilomitha ezimbalwa ukusuka Tsarskoye Selo, indawo engqonge tyaba, kunye iinduli ehlelayo encinane. Phakathi kweentaba kulala kwelo chibi, kuloo mmandla kwamahlathi kushunyayelwe ikhula. Slavyanka River, ophuma phakathi Neva, yaba ingxabano olongezelelweyo ngokuthanda isixeko amanqaku encwadi, ngaloo mihla amanzi mlambo acocekileyo kwaye zilungele iimfuno zoluntu. Ngoko ke sayithi ezikhethelwe ukwakhiwa isixeko Pavlovsk. St. Petersburg - xa umntu lerhuluneli-jikelele - ezixhaswa iprojekthi, waza waqala ukwakha.

Pavlovskaya Sloboda yakhiwa kunye nezitalato straight and abantu ngamagosa lyudom, nabakhonzi, amachule kunye nabalimi - bonke abantu, malunga nama-300 abantu ababebandakanyekile Slavyanka. Kukho ke wakha ibandla ngamatye iSt Mary, isikolo simahla abantwana kunye eyadini enkulu izinzile.

izinto

Paul Fortress, inqaba edumileyo, ezinqatyisiweyo ezidilikileyo ukususela kwimfazwe kunye balwa, ibuyiselwe noPawulos ukuba emkhosini amagosa omkhosi, othe enqabeni waphila. Kwakukho enqabeni yomkhosi amajoni '. Mna Pavlovsk kunye Ikhaya abakhubazekileyo zaselwandle amabutho Russia elinezihlalo-30, nto leyo ngokupheleleyo ngokuhambelana umthetho.

Wayesebenza njengoko kwisibhedlele sa ukuba abantu abaqhelekileyo 26 iibhedi - kwabasetyhini kunye namadoda, kunye unyango free. Ke ekugqibeleni, kwisibhedlele zomkhosi yasebenza kunye izihlalo ezingama-40, nto leyo watyelela uPawulos I. rhoqo

lo umzi kwiphondo Pavlovsk, Saint-Petersburg ngasekupheleni 18 kwinkulungwane th, ebudeni bolawulo Prince Paul Petrovich.

abakhi

Palace and Park lomculo "Pavlovsk" yakhiwa ekupheleni kweyama-18 kunye 19, yaye ngoku enye iipaki landscape inkulu eYurophu. Pavlovsk Imperial Palace kunye ezikufutshane park complex zakhiwa kwiminyaka 50 ekwakhiweni inxaxheba bezakhiwo kwizizukulwana ezithathu: uCarlo Rossi, ngokomakhi Russian imvelaphi Italian, Dzhakomo Kvarengi, womzobi Italian, umlandeli indlela Palladian lwezakhiwo, Vincenzo Brenna, ngomzobi Italian yomhombiso wezakhiwo, umyili Scottish Charles Cameron noAndreya Voronikhin, ngokomakhi Russian, umlandeli classicism, omnye wabaseki yoBukhosi baseRashiya.

isakhiwo

Conservation Park Pavlovsk solulelwe entilini i Slavyanka River, phezu kweendonga zayo zombini kwindawo ye-600 yeehektare. Pavlovsk landscape yahlulwe ezintandathu:

• District Central.
• "Mkhulu Star".
• BoBumelwane "Endala Sylvia."
• "New Sylvia", isithili asebumelwaneni.
• "Nemikhosi Field".
• "Ezinde Entsha."

izigaba zokwakha

Isigaba sokuqala ukwakhiwa ibhotwe yale paka yaqala ngo-1782 phantsi kogado lwe wezakhiwo uCharles Cameron endaweni emagumbini ngamaplanga Paullust. Ekuqaleni, lo bhotwe a lifa eqhelekileyo amanene kunye izakhiwo ngenjongo kwezoqoqosho ipaki incinane. Noko ke, uPawulos mna, leyo, enyanisweni, wakha ebhotwe, umakhi bungayelelani Cameron malunga nobungakanani yale paka kunye nebhotwe ngokwalo, umlawuli elizayo wayefuna ineenkalo umdla ngakumbi. Kwaye Cameron, emva iimbambano ezininzi kwaye nkqu ophikisana yindlalifa kwitrone kwafuneka atshintshe indlela yayo kunye nokwandisa ummandla kokwakhiwa. Xa ekwindla ka-1782 eye yazibonakalisa kwesakhiwo zasebhotwe zigqityiwe neegalari icala.

Inguqulelo yokugqibela yokuhlala mlawuli

Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba ibekwa uPawulos I ebukumkanini (ngo-1796) umlawuli entsha wenza luhlelwe ngokupheleleyo ukuguqula ibhotwe yazo yasehlotyeni, ukuze kwandiswe indawo yayo kwaye zokubaxhobisa kwindawo ezingqongileyo ngokuvisisana ngendlela yaseYurophu yakutshanje. Yihlo iprojekthi ezihlaziyiweyo yaye uyiphathisiweyo umyili Vincenzo Brenna. Kule minyaka mine izayo Pavlovsky bhotwe yakhiwa ngokupheleleyo.

Ebhotweni entsha wagcinwa iNgqonyela yobukumkani, yaye umyalelo wakhe wokuqala loMlawuli eqhotyoshelweyo kwidolophana ekufutshane ye Pavlovsk - Fedorovsky Posad, Tyarlevo, Red Village kunye Lipica kunye nomhlaba kunye nabalimi. Esi sixeko safumana umyalelo waseburhulumenteni kurhulumente wesixeko, ikhokelwe intsumpa oyintloko. Ukususela ngoko, eli bhotwe yaqala namatheko zizityebi ngeebhola. Noko ke, umlawuli akazange ukuphatha ukuhlala emzini wakhe ehlotyeni, Matshi 12, 1801 yena owabulawa nabavukeli.

Pavlovsk emva kokuba uPawulos I

Emva kokufa loMlawuli noPawulos , umhlolokazi wakhe Maria Feodorovna wahlala Pavlovsk. Kule minyaka 27 kolawulo umzi epakini, ingakumbi Ibhotwe umyezo ngezityalo, bafikelela kwincopho ibonwe. Xa uKumkanikazi wafa ngowe-1828, Pavlovsk wayeka ukuya khona njenge yokuhlala yasebukhosini. Isixeko iye yajika yaba fiefdom lo umninawa ka Nicholas I, Duke uMikhail Pavlovich, leyo Radel ukwenzela ukuchuma Pavlovsk, iziza kunika Nowujikeleza umzi yokwakha kwiikota, oluninzi ingqalelo ukuphuculwa kweendlela. Xa uMikhail Petrovich wabonakala uthando leenkedama kunye nesikolo samabanga simahla.

zikaloliwe

City Pavlovsk and Tsarskoye Selo ngo-1836 ujoyine ubude yokuqala Russian kaloliwe iikhilomitha nje ezimbalwa, kodwa ixabiso layo yimbali. Okokuqala "iqhekeza yentsimbi 'yaba yamahashe, yaye kungekudala emva kokuba waqala ukuya zikaloliwe. Hambo ukuzonwabisa kunye simahla. Kuba koololiwe wakha Pavlovsk Station, apho kamva yaba kwindawo umculo uye waba yindawo eekonsathi-class ehlabathini. Wayeqhuba womculo Iogann Shtraus. Kaloliwe ukwakha, kwaye ekwindla ka-1837 uloliwe izise abakhweli ukusuka St Petersburg.

St. Petersburg - Pavlovsk, okanye Pavlovsk - eSt Petersburg ... njani apho? Lo mbuzo ngokukhawuleza ezilahlekileyo ukufaneleka kunye kokufika kaloliwe. City yokuhlala tsars Russian yaguquka ngokuthe dolophu soyis'ingqondo abahlali ehlotyeni St. Petersburg. Ngexesha elifutshane iinzame Duke uMikhail Pavlovich wabonakala kwisixeko: yeqonga, Observatory Meteorological, yobuciko kunye kumathala eencwadi.

Ngowe-1902, oko wakha elinye kaloliwe, kwi-Vindava Rybinsk icala, lwenzeka kwi Tsarskoye Selo kwi zikaloliwe ukuya Tyarlevo kwaye ukusuka Tyarlevo ukuya eSt Petersburg. Kungekudala phantse yonke nezazi Petersburg waqalisa ukuhamba uze ubone Pavlovsk kunye nezindlu zomxhaso kweenxweme Slavyanka. Ngo-1874, urhulumente isixeko liye lanika iimvume 323 yolwakhiwo kumakhaya holide.

Pavlovsk Palace: Ubalo lwe zokwakha

Ukwakhiwa yaqala ngo May 25, 1782, xa ilitye lesiseko kungekabekwa i-Imperial Palace.

• Unyaka 1783 - kugqitywa ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo.
• Unyaka 1785 - ithawa yakhiwe kwigalari izindlu kunye nokusetyenziswa ofisi.
• Unyaka 1787 - zigqityiwe uhombiso ngokupheleleyo emagumbini apho komkhulu.
• Year 1796 - i ibekwa uPawulos mna, ukulungiswa kwibhotwe ulwamkelo loMlawuli.
• Year 1800 - ibhotwe yakhiwe ngokupheleleyo.
• Year 1801 - ukubulawa noPawulos nje ngenxa iyelenqe yezopolitiko.
• Year 1803 - umlilo owatshabalalisa yinxalenye Imperial Sobukhosi.
• Year 1805 - ekupheleni umsebenzi wokubuyiselwa emva umlilo.
• Year 1808 - indalo wezakhiwo Voronikhin wobugcisa yomhombiso elingaphakathi ngokuba "ofisi-lantern", amajukujuku semi-rotunda, ezihonjiswe caryatids yi nomkroli Demut-Malinovsky.
• ukwakhiwa kwithala Pavlovsk Palace - Unyaka-1824.
• Unyaka 1872 - embindini eyadini kukho ilitye lesikhumbuzo-enkumbulo "UPawulos I".
• Iminyaka 1942 - 1944 - ipaki kunye sesigodlo indawo Pavlovsk St. Petersburg sonakaliswa ngamandla ngenxa ziziqhushumbisi waseJamani, kunye nebhotwe sabekwa ngomlilo ngamaNazi ngexesha ukubaleka kwazo.
• 1957 - kwenziwe ukubuyiselwa post-kwimfazwe yinxalenye ezintsonkothileyo, wavula iiholo ezahlukeneyo ibhotwe kuluntu.
• 1978 - bathweswa izidanga ekubuyiselweni ngokupheleleyo Imperial Palace, ndingento wezakhiwo "Pavlovsk" wawongwa Order "Badge iMbeko".
• Year 1983 - ibhotwe kunye ipaki enzima "Pavlovsk" wafumana iwonga yimyuziyam-reserve.

Okwangoku kusekwa umyalezo Pavlovsk - St Petersburg uloliwe Elifike ngalo kweso Station Vitebsk. Inyaniso yeyokuba oku kunokwenzeka kwakhona ukuba ushiye uloliwe. Ukusuka apho, phezu forecourt, yiya naphi na ngebhasi okanye itekisi. Kodwa ngayo Pavlovsk - St Petersburg ngololiwe - indlela ezibiza imali encinane kwaye oluthembekileyo zothutho. Kuyinto nje siyeke ezimbalwa, phantse ngendlela ekhawulezileyo.

Pavlovsk - St Petersburg: ukuba indlela

Ukusuka St. Petersburg ukuya Pavlovsk okanye, icala, linokufikeleleka kwi kangangesiqingatha seyure na zothutho ukusuka Pavlovsk eSt Petersburg - oololiwe ukusuka Station Vitebsk okanye ibhasi inombolo 479 ukusuka kwisikhululo metro "Inkwenkwezi".

Ishedyuli oololiwe (Saint-Petersburg - Pavlovsk)

• On iintsuku zokusebenza: 06-05, 07-17, 07-55, 09-40.
• Imihla ngemihla: 12-15, 13-20, 17-40, 19-00, 00-30.
• On veki: 10-15, 10-55.

zikhululo zilandelayo:

• St. Petersburg.
• Borova
• Kokulindela udumo.
• Kupchino.
• Shushary,
• Kaloliwe Museum.
• A. n. Ngeekhilomitha ezingama-21.
• Tsarskoye Selo.
• Pavlovsk.

Ishedyuli oololiwe (Pavlovsk - St Petersburg)

• On iintsuku zokusebenza: 07-20, 07-41, 08-20, 14-40, 17-00.
• Imihla ngemihla: 12-00, 16-19, 18-30.
• On veki: 05-27, 15-45.

zikhululo zilandelayo:

• Pavlovsk.
• Tsarskoye Selo.
• A. n. Ngeekhilomitha ezingama-21.
• Kaloliwe Museum.
• Shushary.
• Kupchino.
• Kokulindela udumo.
• Borova.
• St. Petersburg.

Russia, Saint-Petersburg, Pavlovsk

La ngamagama amathathu ziye zadityaniswa ndawonye iminyaka emakhulu mabini anamanci mahlanu eyadlulayo, imbali yabo idibene. Okwangoku Pavlovsk i-class kwihlabathi Museum-Reserve, uTshawe-isixeko St. Petersburg - isixeko edume Russian. Ke Russia ngokwayo - oko ilizwe omkhulu!