Pskov yesicelo. Pskov - izinto. Pskov yesicelo - photo

Pskov ise emantla-ntshona yingxenye Russia, malunga 690 km ukusuka eMoscow. Kwisixeko imilambo ezimbini: Enkulu kunye Pskov. Igama le lali kunye umlambo igama elifanayo livela Finno-Finnish lithetha "amanzi nentlaka". Umhombiso iphambili sixeko uyingangamsha Pskov yesicelo. Ngaphandle kuye, apha unako kwakhona ungabona eninzi ilitye ephakathi amabandla nezigodlo yamandulo.

History of the dolophu

Le dolophu kuqala okhankanywe 903, xa Prince Igor watshata Olga. Encwadini yeembali bekutshiwo ukuba inzalelwane Pskov. Ngenkulungwane XII, isixeko yaba yinxalenye kumazwe Novgorod, yaye kamva waba cent republic Pskov elizimeleyo. Ngowe-1510 le dolophu yaba yinxalenye Grand Duchy of eMoscow, yaye ukususela 1777 yaba liziko yephondo Pskov.

Ukususela ngenkulungwane yeshumi, ade ebukumkanini Peter I Pskov gqitha kakuhle-eyaziwa isixeko eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe. Noko ke, emva kokuba St Petersburg sekela uphuhliso yayo ukuhla. Ngowe-1944, esi sixeko awayephantsi kwamaNazi, eshiya batshatyalaliswa zesikhumbuzo ezininzi zembali. Contemporary ukubonakala kwayo - isenziwa ngokupheleleyo merit restorers kunye nabayili bezakhiwo, abo bakha eziphambili lwalunjani Pskov ezingqongileyo.

Yesicelo Local: isishwankathelo jikelele

Yesicelo Pskov okanye njengoko ibizwa ngokuba, Crom ingqalelo umzekelo obalaseleyo izakhiwo yamandulo. Le ukwakweli zonxweme lwamawa kuloo ndawo apho umlambo ungena kulo Pskov Omkhulu. Esi sakhiwo yamandulo iqulathe iinxalenye ezimbini: i inqaba nomphandle wocango. Le ndawo yonke ifana yesicelo obususela emantla ukuya delta ezantsi. Kubalulekile kwakhona Emnye Cathedral, wakha malunga 1683-1699 iminyaka, kwakunye yangaphambili kwindawo Veche, leyo ngaphambili wadlula Chamber. Cathedral ezibonakala ngokulula ukusuka kwelinye icala lomlambo. In ezantsi Dovmontov mzi. Ngaphambilana ezi ndawo apho kwakukho iicawa ezininzi nezakhiwo. Ngoku kukulawula Ndiyakwazi ukubona kuphela amabala etempileni, ngoko bonke bayisingela ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo.

Pskov yesicelo ithatha kweehekthare ezi-3 zomhlaba, nto leyo ejikelezwe yi iludonga lwamatye onqatyisiweyo. Kukho wahlala ephepheni uqhuba, ligqunywe nophahla somthi.

khangela ngaphakathi

Kwinxalenye osemantla incwadi yesicelo Yinqaba ende omqolo 5. Kutekroma walibiza, ukuphakama kwayo kweemitha ezingama-30. Udonga esempuma yesicelo Wasolula weemitha 435 kunye nasentshonalanga - xa leemitha 345.

Xa intliziyo Crom i-angqukuva ezintlanu oyiNgcwele Trinity Cathedral. Esi sakhiwo - le esinamavili kule ndawo. Ekuqaleni, phakathi kwinkulungwane yeshumi kwakukho ibandla ngomthi, nto leyo yakhiwa Princess Olga. Kwinkulungwane XII yi-Pskov Prince Vsevolod-uGabriyeli endaweni yaso isakhiwo ilitye yasungulwa. Ngenkulungwane XV, endaweni, kwakukho Emnye Cathedral wesithathu, nto leyo wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso izithethe bobugcisa mmandla. Le ndlu yecawa kutshanje yakhiwa ngo-1699 kwaye ezihonjiswe kuzo zonke-Russian izithethe. Pskov yesicelo - oku ngokwenene yindawo ekhethekileyo. Apha izinto ezingcwele labangcwele bahlanganisane ukuze izakhiwo enye oluntsonkothileyo iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye namaxesha.

Pskov yesicelo History

Ngelishwa, ngenxa yesizathu esithile, loo chroniclers akazange abhale xa iindonga incwadi yesicelo, wakha inyango ayo okuqala. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ukongeza ekhankanywe imithombo ebhalwe kuphela ngo-1065. Noko ke, abembi bathi ukuba iibhanki zabantu Pskovy wabuya e I nkulungwane BC. Baye benza ukuzingela, ukuloba waze wenza nezacholo. Kukholelwa ukuba esi sixeko yasungulwa Olga. Ngelo xesha, ngenxa izinto ezenziwe ngesandla ezifumaneka, sinokugqiba ukuba eli xesha Pskov wayesele isixeko yinxalenye zobuhedeni kunye nabemi abaninzi.

Njengazo naziphi na ezinye isixeko esikhulu nelinobutyebi, Pskov wayefuna ukhuseleko oluthembekileyo ezintshabeni. Ngokuphathelele oku, yaye sagqiba ukwakha owomeleleyo inqaba soyiswe. Iindonga yokuqala eyenziwe ngomthi Krom bafakwa kwi shaft udongwe malunga VIII- X iinkulungwane, ubuncinane, ngale nto ubalisa ibali. Pskov yesicelo baqala ukwandisa kancinci. In X-XIII kwiinkulungwane apho waqala ukwakha iindonga ngamatye, awathi "owomileyo" (ngaphandle solution nimanyane). Iindonga ezakhiwe phezu isisombululo yaqala ukuvela kuphela kwinkulungwane XIII kwaye ezikufutshane kwizikhondo ngaphandle. Kamva, ulwakhiwo ezinde ezintsha baqala, esomeleza iindonga kunye ukuphakama kwawo kwandisa.

Crom bayahlelwa XII kunye XVI kwekhulu

Okokuqala Smerdov Tower sigxunyekwe (Dovmont kamva). Yena waba kwicala lasekhohlo kufutshane single ngexesha emasangweni. Noko ke, umzi likhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kukho imfuneko engxamisekileyo ukwakhiwa esangweni lesixeko yesibini. Kulo mba, kukho Emnye (okanye Omkhulu) Gateway, zisekhona de imihla yethu.

Ngo-1337, eyona inamandla Wall Crome sele zihlaziyiwe. Ngeli xesha, siya banzi kwendlela eya yesicelo, kwakunye nokwanda ukuvulwa kwiSango Great. Kulo nyaka 1400-1401, oko wagqitywa ezinde ezimbini ngaphezulu. Ngokubanzi, i-XV kwinkulungwane Pskov yesicelo komelezwa 2 amaxesha. Ngeli xesha, njengoko kukho olunye inqaba - Vlasievskaya. Le efumaneka kwikona ye Dovmont sixeko. Kuye ube uhlobo inqaba: apha kuthwalelwa phandle esweni bonke bolunye uhlanga ukufika kweso sixeko.

inqaba Last - Flat - yakhiwa ngo-1500 kwaye igqalwa amahle kakhulu. Imela kufutshane intlanganisela imilambo Pskovy Omkhulu. Ngowe-1510, Pskov yaba yinxalenye ye ubulawuli eMoscow. Ngenkulungwane XVI, Chrome waba isihlalo kwamandla yokomoya umzi - kuqala kankosi, ngoko ombaxa. Xa yesicelo baba "oovimba azimeleyo" kunye iimbumbulu igcinwe. Ngowe-1537 emlonyeni Pskovy kwakumiswe grille aphantsi layigubungela ebhedini umlambo. Phakathi kwinkulungwane XVI phezu Emnye nenqaba aba clock dolophu, kodwa folokohlo 1787 yaye yabuyiselwa kuphela ngo-1988.

Ukususela XVIII ekhulwini namhlanje

Phantsi uPetros mna Pskov yesicelo (ifoto esi sakhiwo onobungangamsha ungabona kakuhle ngezantsi) yaqhubeka ukuphumeza umsebenzi ukuzithethelela. Ngokubanzi, wahlala zokhuselo inxalenye ethembekileyo phesheya yomntla-Russia de ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII. Phambi kokuba Crom ngenkulungwane XX phantse emanxuweni kunye efunekayo ngokutsha enkulu. Ezinkulu-scale umsebenzi wokulungisa baqala engama-60 kuphela zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini.

Tower of Pskov yesicelo

Bubuqaqawuli obubalaseleyo yesicelo has ezinde 6:

- Vlasevkaya Tower (ngenkulungwane XV).

- Rybniczkaya (ngenkulungwane XV). Ngoku ke ivenkile kundikhumbuza (ngo-1780 oko wachithwa, yaye ngowe-1970 esi sakhiwo ukusungulwa kwimo yalo yantlandlolo).

- Tower High.

- zintathu, okanye iiyure (ukuba ngokutsha emva kokuba isigqibo ngokupheleleyo ngenkulungwane XVII).

- Kutekroma Tower (1400).

- stinks, okanye Dovmont nqaba (ukususela kwinkulungwane XIX, oku kakhulu inqaba enamandla eyaguqukayo yaba "ohlalele" uqoqo elincinane).

Ezinye iindawo ezibangel 'umdla

Ukongeza yesicelo yamandulo, Pskov kukho inala ezinye iindawo kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo uyihlolisise. Abakhenkethi abaninzi atsaleleka Basil indlu phezu kwenduli, elakhiwa ngenkulungwane XVI. Ngaphambili, emazantsi ibandla kwakuqukuqela abafundi umlambo encinane.

Kwakhona ekufuphi etempileni Vasilyevskaya inqaba, leyo bellfry. Ngokutsho ukupha yamandulo, hung kukho intsimbi ukuthi asenza abahlali elivela kuzo Mongols kunye nezinye iintshaba. ukubuyiselwa Global wetempile yaqala ngo-2009.

Mirozhsky isigodlo

Uyazibuza yintoni enye kusimangalise isixeko Pskov? Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo kunokubonwa ngasemagumbini ezininzi encinane yale lali kunye kwindawo yayo. Umzekelo, nantsi enye maxe- zindala eRashiya. main inzuzo yayo - imizobo pre-Mongolian ezenziwe kwinkulungwane XII. Esi sibonelelo iqukiwe kuluhlu imisebenzi behlabathi liphambili art UNESCO.

Caves isigodlo

Pskov-Caves Monastery ibekwe km-50 ukusuka Pskov, yaye yasekwa nguMfundisi uYona. Le tempile iminyaka engaphezu kwe-500. UYona apha nentsapho yakhe ukuba ukukhonza uThixo de kwasekupheleni kobomi bakhe. Waqalisa buxabise etempileni emqolombeni, kodwa ngeli xesha wagula waza wafa umfazi wakhe. Emva kokungcwaba kwakhe, ngosuku olulandelayo saint bafumanisa ukuba ibhokisi wakhe wayesele ebuyele emhlabeni. Emva kokuba Uphindaphindo yokungcwaba ngemini elandelayo, waphinda wema phezu komhlaba. UYona wacinga ukuba umqondiso ovela phezulu, yaye akazange kumngcwaba umfazi wakhe.

Ukususela ngoko, imizimba yazo zonke abahlali aswelekileyo kwiphondo Pskov uzinikele emhlabeni, waza washiywa nasemagumbini. Okumangalisayo kukuba, nangona ukuba iibhokisi zaye mnyama, umzimba ufile phantse Awekho kunye ulungiso loo minyaka. abameli Apha sangcwatywa iintsapho ezininzi amanene: .. Buturlins, Pushkin, Kutuzov Nazimovs njl woonongendi nazo iitempile ezinjenge icon ye nguMama kaThixo Hodegetria Psokovo-Pechora. Ukongeza, lelona elikhulu eyindoda woonongendi eRashiya.

Yintoni ukuba ufune ngakumbi?

Kwinxalenye osemantla Pskov, ngasechwebeni loMlambo Great, kuba Snegorsky Monastery, yomhla we XIII leminyaka. Ukususela ngo-1993, iye yaba obhinqileyo. Hayi kude apha ecaweni nokusebenza St. uPetros noPawulos.

Kambe ke akukho zonke iindawo ezimangalisayo angakubonisa Pskov. Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo, osichukumisayo imboniselo photo, zidityaniswe kwimbali sixeko kunye nabahlali yayo odumileyo. Kukho isikhumbuzo Princess Olga lesikhumbuzo "kubathetheli ababini", sisincoko "Imbongi neyabalimi", kwakunye Umfanekiso imbeko isikhumbuzo sama- 300 ka ukuziphendulela ngamatutu Khan Batory nangaphezulu.

Pskov - oku idolophu entle kakhulu ukuba ubutyebi bembali. Emva kokutyelela yesicelo osinika uluvo ukuba bachukumise kunye namabali enkulu yobuqhawe kwilizwe labo. Iindonga inqaba babone kakhulu, abanamava amaxesha zombini Vuyani kwaye khunubembe kulo mmandla, kodwa nangona zonke esekhona namhlanje. Ukubona eziphakamileyo zonqulo zamandulo, uya kuziva entliziyweni yakho kukho yimvakalelo uxolo nenzolo. Nandipha ubuhle nesimo salo mmandla, wena ngokuqinisekileyo uya kukulibala kuyo ngonaphakade.

Konke ufuna ukuba nohambo olunomdla - imephu Pskov kunye ezibalulekileyo, izihlangu ekhululekile kunye nenkampani fun!