Principles of uqeqesho pedagogy

Le nkqubo yokufunda - yinkqubo entsonkothileyo, nto leyo iquka imisebenzi uqeqesho kunye notitshala kunye nomfundi, kwaye zisekelwe phezu iipateni zokwenyani okanye eziboniweyo, apho imigaqo zokufundisa ukufunda.

Principles of uqeqesho pedagogy lungohlulwa lube yayisetyenziselwa jikelele kunye lwemethodoloji. Imigaqo ngokubanzi yayisetyenziselwa woqeqesho pedagogy - imigaqo ukuba kuhanjiswe didactics jikelele kwaye neemfanelo nokufundiswa kwayo nayiphi na isifundo.

Izikhokelo Methodological zahlulwe siseko jikelele methodological noqeqesho chastnometodicheskie in pedagogy. Ukusebenzisa imigaqo methodological jikelele ezifana: indlela neenkalo, ukusetyenziswa beemvavanyo ezahlukeneyo, ubuchule kunye neendlela zokufundisa, bodwa kwemihlaba ezithile (ukubonisa ingcaciso, unyanzeliso), inkuthazo kunye indlela epheleleyo nenkuthazo. Xa chastnometodicheskim imigaqo zoqeqesho ziquka nakwimigaqo siseko nokutolikwa i phambili uqeqesho parallel, uqhelaniso yokunxibelelanisa, umgaqo siseko sokunxibelelana ngomlomo.

imigaqo yayisetyenziselwa woqeqesho pedagogy ziquka umgaqo zenzululwazi, indlela kunye guquki, ngokucacile, sezingqondweni umsebenzi, ukufumaneka nokuba nakho, umgaqo lamandla ubudala-efanelekileyo kunye siseko ulwazi ezifunyenwe ngabafundi kunye nezakhono.

Umgaqo lwezenzululwazi ukuyilwa abafundi kwenkqubo ulwazi lwenzululwazi ekuhlalutyeni izinto zokufundisa, kandziyisa kubalulekile iingcamango, kubalulekile, ukuze ukuchonga unxulumano kunokwenzeka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, ukusetyenziswa kwedatha zenzululwazi ethembekileyo kunye nolwazi, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa ngokwemigaqo eyamkelekileyo zenzululwazi.

indima ebalulekileyo ekuphunyezweni imigaqo yenzululwazi ukudlala izixhobo zokufundisa, iividiyo, iividiyo zoqeqesho, yahlula-yesibini, njalo njalo.

Systems umgaqo ithetha ukuba ulwazi nezakhono kuhlangene kwaye zenze inkqubo ecacileyo, okt izinto zokufundisa lufundwa kumanqanaba amathathu: inqanaba reflection, ukuqonda kunye ukufunda. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, umfundi kufuneka abe nolwazi olusisiseko nomba, ngomhla wesibini uya sifunde ulwazi theoretical abayaziyo ngesihloko eso, kwaye eyesithathu - izakhono asebenzisekayo ukuba ziyaphunyezwa ngenxa umthambo kunye noqeqesho.

Kakuhle eli umgaqo nokufumaneka kukuba ukubonakalisa-siseko phambili, gradualness kunye nolandelelwano noqeqesho. Oko kukuthi, kufuneka ukuchonga ulwazi eyenziwe ngaphambili, izakhono nobuchule, uze emva koko ukubonelela ngokuthe entsha, ngaphandle atsho inkqubo kwaye yokutsiba izigaba ezithile kuqala. Xa imibutho noqeqesho kufuneka ukuba akhethe iindlela ezinjalo, ithetha kunye iintlobo zemfundo, nto leyo ahambisana kwinqanaba ngokwasengqondweni, kunye nophuhliso ngokwasemzimbeni ngayo umfundi.

Umgaqo kwengcaciso asinto umzekeliso nje kuphela into bafunda okanye phenomenon, kunye nokusetyenziswa ngothotho lwezixhobo, iindlela kunye iindlela eziqinisekisa ukuba ukuyilwa nkolelo nolwazi olucacileyo kunye kwimiphumela yinto ngobunto. A indima enkulu kakhulu ukusetyenziswa ubuchule olubonakalayo bobabo a izimvo ngomlomo.

Ngokomzekelo, xa efundisa naliphi na inyathelo motor kuyimfuneko nje ukubonisa le nto okanye loo msebenzi, yaye qiniseka ukuba izimvo ngayo, ukuqinisekisa ulwazi umfundi kwesigaba intshukumo nganye. Umfundi kufuneka ibe kuphela ulwazi intshukumo motor wafunda, kwaye nazo zonke iinkalo kwesi senzo.

Consciousness kunye nomsebenzi siseko isekelwe phezu ukuyilwa lokukhuthazwa abafundi, sangaphakathi ukuhlola imfuneko yokuba izinto ezithile, loo excitation yokukhawulelana indaba. Ukuba umfundi akukho umnqweno ukufunda impahla ethile, akukho yingenelo kokuqhubekileyo angeke.

Umgaqo amandla eyenziwe ulwazi kunye nezakhono akwenzeki ngaphandle bodwa kwi izifundo eziphambili kunye lisadibana nolwazi lwabo ezikhoyo lomfundi. Ukuba ulwazi nezakhono ukuze babe impahla yangaphakathi lomfundi, kuyimfuneko ukuba zibandakanywe kwinkqubo iinkolelo kunye umfundi zengqondo. Kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa izinto zoqeqesho nonxibelelwano rhoqo kunye nemisebenzi eyenziwayo.

Imigaqo uqeqesho kunye nemfundo kufuneka luthathele ingqalelo ubudala kunye neempawu ngamnye. Noko ke, ukuze iqela ngalinye labafundi - kokubini ngobudala kwaye kwiklasi nganye, ibonisa rhoqo iiyantlukwano ezimalunga wabonakaliswa kuphuhliso iimpawu zazo naziphi na iinkqubo yengqondo, ngokuchaseneyo kwinqanaba lophuhliso izakhono, kwakunye kwicala kweemfuno kunye neemfuno.

uneempawu ezahlukeneyo kwaye ngamanye amakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana. Yonke imigaqo zokufundisa imfundo kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo umahluko wokwenene. Xa kungekho tyala ungenakuxhomekeka yokuba kukho iresiphi ubhetyebhetye kakhulu, ifanele bonke izihlandlo.