Isiseko indlu isakhelo ngezandla zakhe. Iintlobo iziseko, ukubala, ukwakhiwa

Ukwakha indlu kudla endaweni yokuthenga indlu. Xa iindleko zezi ntlobo zezindlu phantse ncam, kodwa kwimeko mali cottage isakhelo wokwakha unako ukusindisa kakhulu. Bonke usebenze kuyilo isixhobo - ukusuka kwisiseko ukuya kuphahla - unako ukwenza eyakho, esazi ubuchwepheshe. Bakhe isiseko indlu isakhelo ngezandla zabo aziyi kuba nzima, kwanomntu oye na ngaphambili benza imisebenzi efanayo. Kweli nqaku siza kujonga iintlobo, iindlela zokwakha kunye nokwenzeka uhlobo oluthile zeendawana kwimeko nganye.

Yintoni na le cottage isakhelo

technology zokwakha okulula izindlu mihla kwanawezayo kuthi, evela kumazwe of America. elinye igama labo - waseKhanada. Kula mazwe, uninzi izakhiwo ipoma zenziwa kusetyenziswa obu bugcisa, nto leyo kakhulu lilungisa: ikhaya lifudumele, ekhuselekileyo, bakhonza iminyaka emininzi, kungabizi, fast zakhiwe. ERashiya, ezi izinto esanda (malunga neminyaka eyi-15 eyadlulayo), kodwa ngenkuthalo zithanda ngenxa iimpawu zayo.

Ithekhinoloji zokwakha benqwanqwa kunye isakhelo-panel izindlu lumi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Amalungiselelo kwisiseko ebekwe iindonga isakhelo nkqo ezenziwe imiqadi yamaplanga kwi lokubiyela.
2. Gcwalisa isithuba phakathi yimiqolo panel isonka okanye iiplanga OSB kunye usambathisa.
3. Sheathe iindonga kunye nezinto kobuhle iphele.

Ngenxa yoko, ukwakhiwa udonga ifunyenwe lula kakhulu. Yintoni isisekelo esingcono indlu isakhelo? Phinde enamandla, akukho mfuneko. Oku konga kuphela ngexesha lokwakha, kodwa imali yokuthenga izixhobo kunye nabasebenzi.

Ngaba sikho isicombululo omnye?

Akukho mpendulo ngqo lo mbuzo oko kulungele indlu isakhelo lesiseko. Kukho ezininzi iintlobo zokwakha elula, ukusetyenziswa apho kangangoko indlela kwimeko ethile. Isiseko ingaba:

• phandle;
• tape;
• columnar;
• melkozaglublennym;
• MDF.

Nezinto isiseko sebenzisa ezahlukeneyo:

• eziphathekayo;
• eziphathekayo;
• emthini.

Ngenxa yoko, le isixhobo phantsi kwesiseko kwisakhiwo ibe ezininzi. Ukhetho banazo:

• kubungakanani bendlu;
• ndawo;
• ubunzulu yovalo bomhlaba;
• phambi komhlaba;
• uhlobo lomhlaba: uhambisa, kumanzi, incangathi, eqinileyo;
• ubukho / ukungabikho kwendlu.

Isiseko esihle umntu wendlu isakhelo ethathela ingqalelo zonke bokuqonda zokwakha kunye neemeko zejoloji. Ngokuchanekileyo base ozikhethileyo ziya kuthatha ixesha elide kwaye kunceda ukuba wonge ixesha nemali.

Ukumisela iimpawu isiseko

Inyathelo lokuqala kukuqinisekisa uhlobo lomhlaba kwindawo yokwakha ecetywayo. Eyona ndlela ibhetele yokwenza oku - uku-odola ubunjineli neznye. Iingcali iza kuchonga:

• uhlobo ngqo lomhlaba kunye neempawu zayo;
• ukufumaneka komhlaba, yaye isimo sabo;
• ukwenza isicwangciso site esekelwe umahluko ubude kunye neempawu ngengingqi.

Noko ke, mnandi onjalo iyabiza kwaye kuthatha ixesha elininzi. Enye indlela - ukufumana ummelwane kule ndawo, nto leyo esele isicelo senkonzo enjalo kwaye kwi ezandleni kweziphumo zeemviwo ze nommandla wayo. Njengoko umthetho, iimpawu zomhlaba kwi ndawo enye babe iipropati efanayo.

Ukuba ummelwane kwi sigqibo alafunyanwa isela, unga zama ukufumanisa uhlobo lomhlaba ngokwabo. Ukwenza oku, landela la manyathelo:

1. Umbe umngxuma kubunzulu kombethe ungekafiki owama kule ngingqi. Izakufunyanwa ngokusebenzisa ikhadi.
2. Hlalutya esona sabelo umhlaba phezu kodonga ecaleni emhadini.

• Imihlaba ezilulwalwa isiseko lengxondorha, luhlalu. Banamandla kakhulu kwaye banako withstanding utyebe ayibanga amanzi (xa kungekho ukufakwa isixa esikhulu nodongwe).
• ngwane ezinkulu lwegrabile nemihlaba kananjalo babe iqondo elisezantsi distending kunye nesiseko esomeleleyo.
• lomhlaba isanti Fine - hayi ukhetho kakhulu ukwakhiwa. Bona bagcine amanzi ngumkhenkce kwi nomphezulu isiseko isebenza kwi uthengisa kunye izivumelwano yoleyo. Lo mhlaba ubizwa ngokuba samadoda.

• Womile nobumba - uhlobo ezingaginyisi lomhlaba. ukuhamba yabo deliquescence kuxhomekeke ukuphakama amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba. Kodwa xa engekho lwabo ngokufuthi ukufuma ngokwaneleyo yeemvula. Kwi sayithi kunye kumhlaba onjalo kwakheka izadunge ezinkulu njengoko amanzi emhlabeni iya ngokucothayo kakhulu.

Uhlobo kunye nobunzulu isiseko indlu isakhelo ezilula kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zejoloji ntsimi.

ukuthatha ingqalelo Thina ubunzulu sokungena frost

Lo mba ezifanelekileyo kwimihlaba bako ngumrhumo. Iliwa apho amanzi na ukuhlala kulo naliphi na ixesha lonyaka, ezo isiseko esiqinileyo, ngokuchaseneyo imihlaba entle isanti kunye nodongwe. Phambi kubunzulu yokugqibela isiseko kufuneka libelikulu kunexabiso yovalo, ngoko ke uya kukwazi ukutshixa ukholosile isakhiwo kwindawo enye nesikhundla. Oku ukuthintela ukunqamka ngokungalinganiyo izakhiwo ukuze kuchaphazela ukuthembeka endlwini, ukutshatyalaliswa okanye utyalo ezinkulu ukulungiswa.

Kubalulekile kwakhona ukubuza malunga nokufumaneka komhlaba. Ukuba zikhona, kufuneka ufumane indlela ukujongana nazo okanye ukuxhobisa isakhiwo ngendlela ukuba nako ukuma kwindawo nokufuma yaye phantsi samadoda olomeleleyo. Ubunzulu yovalo bomhlaba akazibandakanyi ekubaleni kwesiseko imfumba.

Thina mayigqibe ngobume

Ngenxa yomsebenzi kwenziwa ukufumanisa uhlobo lomhlaba kunye nobunzulu yovalo wayo, ungenza isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi ukwakhiwa isiseko indlu isakhelo kangangoko kwindawo ethile.

1. Kwimihlaba lodongwe isanti wabeka isiseko yingqumba. It oqondela isakhiwo esomelela zomaleko ngezantsi komhlaba.
2. On obambe silnopuchinistyh kwaye uneentlenga umsebenzi isiseko rocks slab kakuhle undlala entle. Badlala indima "izikhephe 'ukuba size agcine indlu kwi-moya efanayo kwindawo yokwakha.
3. Rock, daka, lwegrabile azingcolise ngokwabo kube isiseko esiqinileyo, ke ngoko, musa ifuna isiseko esiqinileyo - tape, kunye columnar melkozaglublennogo ube ngokwaneleyo.

Xa ubukho aphantsi komhlaba mabakhethe iindidi ezithile concrete yamanzi-resistant kwaye usebenzise ezongezelelweyo iindonga zingangenwa lesiseko. Ukuba inqanaba komhlaba liphezulu, kufuneka kushiywa kumgangatho ongaphantsi. Ukongeza, kucetyiswa ukuba amalungiselelo inkqubo yokukhupha amanzi kule sayithi, okanye ngqo kwi indlu: kujikelezo esemseleni wawakhotha ombiwe ulwelo kwakhe excess uya kwelo cala.

The main izigaba ngokucacileyo. Okulandelayo, esiza kuxubusha ngayo ngokweenkcukacha imigaqo ngesakhiwo lwezoyilo ezahlukeneyo iziseko kunye neendlela yofakelo.

Igoqo-isisekelo rostverkovy

Olu hlobo kokuthanda, jikelele kwisicelo. Ekubeni Russia ayikho hardwoods izityebi ngabona kuninzi kwimihlaba Inkitha izidanga kombethe ezahlukeneyo, ukwenzela ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo, yaye usetyenziswa Inani kwesiseko imigangatho imfumba. Izibonda zingene nzulu emhlabeni yaye zichazwe eziphelweni kwezisezantsi iindawo zikhabane ashinyeneyo. Ngenxa yesi sakhiwo, olusekelwe phezu kwabo, ukuba ligxile kwi phezu komhlaba.

Ukwenza amalungiselelo isiseko imfumba indlu isakhelo ngezandla zabo, kufuneka kuqala ukubala inani yeentsika sisephantsi kolwakhiwo. Ukuze wenze oku:

1. Khangela kule projekthi, ukuba zikhona. Ukuba akunjalo, bona ngezantsi.
2. Zoba kujikelezo indlu elizayo kwiphepha kwisikali. Ziphawule iingongoma uluvisa iindawo (kuzo zonke iimbombo wentsimi conjugation beendonga kwi iperimitha amanyathelo iimitha 1.5-2). Ekubeni indlu sine enobunzima ephantsi, unyanzeliso noshowo, akunakufane kwenzeke ukuba kuyimfuneko, ngoko oko kwanele ukwenza amalungiselelo elula.
3. Bala inani lamanqaku esiphawuliweyo.

Inyathelo elilandelayo iya kuba isigqibo amathambo uwafumbele ukusebenzisa: esele zenziwe kwaqinisa ikhonkrithi okanye imveliso Screw ukusuka kwisityalo okanye toxo kwi ugqibile kakuhle ngesakhiwo yabo.

1. imiqolo okulungiselelweyo nzulu usebenzisa ufakelo okhethekileyo. Baye babethwa enxebeni ayinqwenelayo kwimimandla echongiweyo, ngoko ndinqumle iziphelo eseleyo kwinqanaba. Ukuququzelela isakhiwo kwanele ukuthenga imfumba ubuncinane nge cross-candelo.
2. Screw retaining intsimbi ixhasa isixhobo okhethekileyo.
3. Ukuba ugqiba ekubeni isixhobo self-uqhuba, kuqala zokomba imveliso, ngezizathu ekufuneka ukuba zenziwe banzi ukwenzela uzinzo. Ubunzulu kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zejoloji ndawo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukufikelela isiseko esiqinileyo. Emva koko wabeka Faka ezibonakalayo, umz, ityhubhu umngxuma okanye izinto zokuxhoma liqengqiwe, amanzi. Emva koko, walala asemzimbeni kunye nokuvelisa eziphathekayo. Kangangoko ukusebenzisa isisombululo uphawula M300-M400. Kaloku, ukuba kuya yenziwe kwezithako ezizodwa ukuze anikwe iipropati ngamanzi-enganyangekiyo ilitye.

Yamakariti zifakwa, ngoku kufuneka ukuba wenze isiseko isihlenga. Kwixesha elizayo, kuya kwakha isakhelo eludongeni.

Grillage inokuba precast okanye monolithic. Umahluko wokumiswa:

1. Precast sasibekwe ngakumbi kwemoto eziphathekayo, jize intloko inxenye.
2. Monolithic amalungiselelo esakhiweni: i iseti formwork, njengokuba kufanelekile, emazantsi isiseko isihlenga ibhuqiwe embhedeni ASG, izinto nophahla ngamanzi kwaye ufake isakhelo igqityiwe, nto leyo ehambisana kunye Ukomeleza iintsika imfumba. Emva koko ukuvelisa eyothi Umxube eziphathekayo.

Fundam ukulungele. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le uyilo akuthethi kwendlu.

isisekelo pier

Ideal for flat namageduka kwibala azinzile. Kubonakala ngathi yimfumba, kodwa ngaphantsi ingontsi.

Pier lesiseko ngezandla zakhe indlu Isakhelo kwakhiwa kusetyenziswa le iteknoloji:

1. Yenza amanqaku kwi sicwangciso. Lisekela zisendaweni koqoqo, ukuba unxulumano iindonga kujikelezo kunye isandi kweemitha 2-3. Okulandelayo, ezi ngongoma ikhutshelwa kwicandelo.
2. Dig imigodi zezibonda. Ukuba isiseko sayo kwemibhobho asbestos okanye iintsika monolithic nokuqinisa yemveliso eqeshwe motorubom imini. Phantsi emhadini intsika ilitye wemba nefolokhwe. ubukhulu emathambekeni na 60x80 cm, nobunzulu kufuneka 20-30 cm ngezantsi umgca iqabaka le.
3. Ukuba zingangenwa ngokuba element monolithic lwenziwa kanye - ifakwa izinto emhadini ezifulelwe. Ngokuba ilitye, izitena okanye amaqhekeza iintsika ezifanele sele kwi imveliso ogqityiweyo.
4. Kuba concrete nokuqiniswa ebuhlanti iinketho ifakiwe.
5. Ukumisa i formwork ngaphezu kumlinganiselo womgangatho ukuya kubude ezifunekayo (ubuncinane-40 cm).
6. Galela nesisombululo.

Ready zezibonda grillage kwaneliswa. Oku kwenziwa kwi-siseko efanayo isiseko yingqumba. Akangekhe, ngoko phezu amanqwanqwa eDibanisa imiqadi zomthi, nto leyo eya kusebenza inkxaso kwisakhelo.

Isigaba sokugcina - isixhobo Zabirko iindonga, ugcwalisa isikhala phakathi kweentsika. Phakathi kwabo amba umsele nzulu 20-30 cm, wathulula isiseko eziphathekayo, emva eludongeni lwayo Ukuqinisa kwasasazeka. Ukuba anazi, ngoko warming ezongezelelweyo ziya kufuna silingi ncinane ukuya kumgangatho wendlu wayengekho kubanda.

Pier lesiseko ngezandla zakhe ukwenza indlu isakhelo ayikho nzima. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba isixhobo elingaphantsi nge ezinjalo isakhiwo - umsebenzi kuyingxaki kakhulu, kuba injongo kukunika. Kwelinye icala, isiseko zakhiwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye sitshiphu imfumba okanye iteyiphu.

isisekelo ngomthi

A uhlobo gqith le imfumba kunye columnar. isiseko ngeplanga isixhobo ngaphantsi indlu isakhelo encinane, kodwa ngenxa ubu isalamane phantsi amakhaya zokuhlala isetyenziswa enqabile. Kuyinto kangangoko ukuba zidacha: impembelelo umthwalo ubuncinane kwi kwisiseko, iindleko ufakelo eliphantsi eziphathekayo, izixhobo-high speed. Ngaphezu koko, iinkuni abe okubuyela kwimo yendalo evumela ukuba bafumane imilo lokuqala emva deformation ngu kwimihlaba ukudumba minor.

Uninzi zokwakha ezilula kufuneka ngamaxesha ekhaya skeleton-njengekhaka. Isiseko phantsi kwabo isenokuba yeyona ngqo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, sebenzisa izibonda ngomthi. Ngoxa e Venice, ngezizathu ezinjalo izakhiwo ezinemigangatho yiminyaka engaphezu nekhulu ngenxa uqinile, kulo mzekelo, ungenza ukugembula.

Kuba ufumba ilingane iintlobo ezithile zomthi: beech, larch, um-oki, pine. Kuba preforms iinxalenye ezifanelekileyo umthi ubukhulu hayi ngaphantsi kwe-20 cm. Imveliso zihlale setyhula okanye eluxande candelo ukuze bafumane ngecala ka-20 cm. Le zitsho babacukucezela izisombululo ezikhethekileyo, nemithi ubomi ngokwandisa phantsi kweemeko ezingentle. Phambi ngokukhawuleza zabo ingontsi kufuneka azisongele ngeposi 1-2 kunokudala izinto nophahla okanye ezinye izinto polymeric, ngoxa umhlaba akuthethi anamathele imveliso. Oku kuya kuvumela igoqo sehla kuthelekiswa isiseko kwicala nkqo xa Inkitha umhlaba, uyigcine ixesha elide.

Indlela ezakunyuka isiseko ngeplanga indlu isakhelo ngezandla zakhe;

1. Yenza umaka yepateni sele eyaziwa: engile - yokuwela - womjikelezo yokunyuka kweemitha 1.5-2.
2. Dlulisa ilungiselelo kwezithuba kwisiza.
3. Umhlaba wemba umhadi ubukhulu yi 1.5 ezinkulu kuno imfumba. Ubunzulu kufuneka igqithe inqanaba yovalo lomhlaba kwaye baphumelela maleko ashinyeneyo. Ukuba ayifumaneki kufuneka uqale umhlathi ngezantsi 0.5 m.
4. Lungiselela emandlalweni amatye okanye iminqamlezo ngamaplanga.
5. Galela 15-20 cm neentsika eziphathekayo badl kuyo. Xa eyahluthwa isisombululo, iya ukulungisa imfumba.
6. Le backfilling kunye ukugangatheka.

strip isisekelo ezilula

Kabanzi kwabaphuhlisi ngenxa izicwangciso zayo cheapness kunye kwisantya esiphakamileyo. strip isiseko ezincinane ukwenzela ukusetyenziswa indlu isakhelo kwelo qula, apho kungekho mfuneko somngcwabo enkulu kunye enkulu inkxaso.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwale uyilo evela njengesiqhelo - ubunzulu kwanciphisa onyawo kunye nemilinganiselo ye tape ngokwayo. Kwamkelekile ukuba izakhiwo elula, ingakumbi yezindlu isakhelo zokuhlala.

Mount Technology:

1. Amba umsele okanye emhadini (kuchaphazela ukufumaneka ongaphantsi). Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ububanzi lekhefu kufuneka ibe ngaphezu obungama kwangaphambili ye-0.5 m ngenxa lula umsebenzi. Ubunzulu kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba komhlaba, i-avareji - 0.8-1.5 imitha (kuqwalaselwa isixhobo ababetheki kakhulu).
2. Uphawu ngaphandle kujikelezo udonga lesiseko. Kubalulekile ukuba umlinganiselo zonke engile ze ujonge okukhona kula macala.
3. Hlela timbering. ukuphakama kwaso kuxhomekeke kubukho kunye nobungakanani le chap, kodwa hayi ngaphantsi kwe-40 cm ukusuka emhlabeni. tape ububanzi Future Babalwa udonga ubukhulu + 100 mm. Kuba indlu isakhelo zingenziwa ukukhanya 200-300 mm.
4. Wagalela ukusuka ASG umqamelo (10-20 cm).
5. Faka isakhelo.
6. ngodaka eziphathekayo elichithelwa M300-M400.

isiseko ezincinane indlu isakhelo ndakuzuza kuba ingakufuni ukulungiselela ezizodwa, kunye nofakelo lwezoyilo ezongezelelweyo ngenxa yokwakhiwa kweendonga.

cooker

Akusoloko elungele ukuba izisombululo umgangatho umhlaba ukuze kwakhiwe. ERashiya, iindawo ezininzi ngodongwe kwaye samadoda ngamandla nemihlaba. Kodwa oko izaba kubo lutho. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kukho izisombululo.

Ukuba kwenzeka ukuba uthenge iyelenqe kunye ngumhlaba phenyane, uyacebiswa ukuba ukuhlela ukwakhiwa ngesixwexwe isiseko monolithic indlu isakhelo. ngezandla kusenokwenzeka ukuyenza. Ithekhnoloji iyafana ekudaleni ibhanti okulula:

1. Umhlaba ukwenza lekhefu ukuya nobunzulu ongaphezulu kunye umaleko eliphezulu kuvulwa.
2. Ngaphezu koko, amalungiselelo igrabile-isanti umandlalo ubukhulu bumalunga-20 cm.
3. 2-3 ezityikitywe polymeric zingangenwa umaleko.
4. Wathulula maleko eziphathekayo yamalungiselelo ukuya kwi-5 cm.
5. isakhelo Onyuswe. Kufuneka ube eqinileyo, kuba isitovu kuthatha umthwalo ebonakalayo emhlabeni. Kuba iigridi nokuqiniswa elingqingqwa uthathe 12-16 mm ububanzi, walibeka ngokwemizuzu engekho ngaphezu kwe-40 cm kumacala omabini. NeeBhari babopha ngocingo. Yenza 2 moya senginginya nodibaniso ukuba komunye umgama olingana kubude nembasa (10-15 cm), thabatha umaleko zikhusela eziphathekayo (5 cm).
6. Galela nesisombululo. Kuya kuthatha kakhulu, kufuneka ukuba ukhethe ephantsi-umgangatho eziphathekayo ukuze ugcine. brand elilelona - M300-M400.

ipleyiti Monolithic ibekwe umgangatho womhlaba, apho ifowuni kuthatha umgangatho komhlaba kunye ongaphantsi (oko kuthembeke). Okunye okukhulu ingontsi indlu encinane akadingi ukusetyenziswa elikhulu enjalo lwesakhiwo.

Ukufudumala ukuba zingangenwa

Isisekelo zezindlu ngomthi-isakhelo zifuna yokufeza okhethekileyo. Zingangenwa okunqwenelekayo ukuba zonke izakhiwo ngaphantsi komhlaba nayiphi na into. Ekubeni izinto zombini ngcono. Oku kuyinyaniso ngakumbi na inqanaba eliphezulu aphantsi komhlaba.

ubushushu emhlabeni ye ongaphantsi kunye elingaphantsi neendonga zinika iindleko ubuncinane ubushushu thermal ye emgangathweni umgangatho wokuqala. Kumakhaya apho kungekho kwigumbi elingaphantsi, isithuba phakathi Isilingi umhlaba unako kuzaliswa aggregate ngodongwe eyandisiweyo, isanti. Ezi zinto ufudumele kukunaba igumbi asezantsi. Ukuba amanzi, kunokwenzeka ukuba abeke sheet yazo ruberoidnyj macala omabini.

Iindonga kwiziphakamiso isiseko grillage kwaye kuvule kwicala olungaphandle Iizilebhu ezinepolisterini.