Impethu ekumfimfitheni: iindidi, la manyathelo lomngcipheko nolawulo

Uninzi iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezikhona kwiplanethi yethu kangangeenkulungwane kunye eminyaka, balandela indlela yophuhliso nenkqubela eziphilayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho abameli zasendle ukuba impumelelo enkulu yimpumelelo ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo - okanye umva lula mbutho. njani oku kwenzeka njani yaye indlela ekunokuba luncedo? Kubonakala ukuba ibe ngumqathango oyimfuneko ukuba ukuziphatha yokuphila ekumfimfitheni. Ingakumbi liziqhelanise kakuhle ebomini abanye ilawulwa ezahlukeneyo iintlobo ziimpethu - helminths, apho siza kuthetha ngakumbi.

Ubume ziimpethu olwaye lwamfimfitha

Xa helminths okanye iintshulube olwaye lwamfimfitha, kuquka izinto eziye siqheliswe ngakumbi ukuba sibenokuphila kulo ezincancisayo kunye nezinye izidalwa, kuquka umntu, wabeka umsebenzi wakhe ubomi umonakalo omkhulu impilo kunye nobomi-mkhosi. mpethu nganye olwaye lwamfimfitha uyakwazi ukutshintsha phezu umjikelo wobomi wemikhosi eziliqela. Kuyimfuneko ukuba kulondolozwe amandla nokusinda amaqanda, okt inzala elizayo.

Kakade ke, iklasi nganye abameli balo, naye, afakwa iifitsha ukwahlula enye kwenye yaye kuvumela gazi ukuba hlawuleka. Nakuba kunjalo kunokwenzeka ukuba ukwaba iimpawu ezininzi eziqhelekileyo, ophethwe yonke umbungu ekumfimfitheni.

1. Ubume umzimba amalungu, bakhonza zokomeleza emzimbeni host. Imizekelo ngumtya nameva.
2. Ubukho integument ezizodwa, singavumeli umkhosi ephilayo ukugaya kubo.
3. Ukubambezela siyinzala amaqanda izigidi ezininzi ngexesha isakhiwo entsonkothileyo kwinkqubo zokuzala (uhlobo rhoqo androgynous).
4. Ukuhlehla isakhiwo zonke izivamvo. Yokucola ukutya kunye nenkqubo excretory kulula kubume kunye nokusebenza. Nokuphefumla singahlala wonke umphezulu umzimba.
5. Ukukwazi nokuzala omnye sigaba mibungu.

Zonke ezi mpawu zenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ziimpethu olwaye lwamfimfitha, kukho izidalwa isebenziseka kwaye kuyingozi kakhulu, onengubo ukusinda eyenziwe ngabantu.

Ucalulo ziimpethu olwaye lwamfimfitha

ezimbini kuphela amaqela amakhulu ezi zinto ziphilayo zinako ukuqatshelwa.

1. Flatworms Uhlobo. Ukuba iifom olwaye lwamfimfitha iiklasi Belt, Flukes. Iintlobo flatworms olwaye lwamfimfitha uchwetheze: tapeworm lenkomo, inyama yehagu tapeworm, tapeworm ebanzi intlanzi, Echinococcus, ngwe Iphiko, Schistosoma, ngamazwi leykohloridy, Iphiko kunye nabanye.
2. Type ziintshulube. Iklasi Eneneni ziintshulube. Imizekelo eziphilayo anisakids, pinworm, amile, hookworm, Guinea iimpethu, whipworm, Trichinella, filaria, kunye nabanye.

Iintlobo ziimpethu olwaye lwamfimfitha zahlukahlukene kakhulu. abaphengululi Total ziye zachongwa abameli abangama-300 aphile kumzimba igama lomntu, ndingasathethi kwezinye izilwanyana. Umonakalo yi ezi zidalwa, ngokwenene maxa wambi noqhekeko.

Iklasi Eneneni ziintshulube: iifomu olwaye lwamfimfitha

Ethelekiswa flatworms, eli qela ngokwemiqathango lwesakhiwo lomzimba ngakumbi kakhulu kuphuhliswa. Ngenxa yoko, le udidi ziimpethu olwaye lwamfimfitha unawo mpawu zilandelayo.

1. Dioecious. Iinkunzi kufuneka amasende kunye yobudoda channel yokuvula kungena hindgut. Abasetyhini - amaqanda, edibanisa kwi ikuku eqhelekileyo. Ukuzala kuphela.
2. ukukwazi Low ukuvuselela iindawo ezilahlekileyo emzimbeni, njengoko inani leeseli ulinganiselwe.
3. Kubonakala ezinqeni. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo yokucola na uhlobo ityhubhu elula, equka inxalenye ngomlomo, oluphakathi kunye umsele ezimpundu.
4. Le luvo ibandakanya ganglia. Nangona ilula kakhulu, kodwa ekhoyo kunjalo.
5. Excretory uhlobo system protonephridia.
6. Body ezide ngeengcamba ezintathu, engaphandle - i hypodermis. Kuye indima yokhuselo nje kuphela, kodwa umsebenzi skeletal. Kwakhona kudlule ukutya.
7. embindini umzimba uxakekile psevdotselyu - umngxuma apho kukho ulwelo. Udlala indima igazi.

A impethu ekumfimfitheni yale iklasi kungakhokelela zokuphila ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, ukukhululwa anayiphi kunye geoparazitov. Ngu biohelminths kufuneka zihlelwe ezo ntlobo ukuba kufakwe ngexesha kubomi abanini ezimbalwa yaye isasazeka. Xa geohelminthes - abo andise ithatha indawo yemeko ezisingqongileyo.

whipworm

Le amile ekumfimfitheni libhekisa ku geohelminthes, ngokuba zande ukukhula kunye nophuhliso ifuna iimeko ezimbini:

• phambi komzimba womntu;
• umhlaba eqhelekileyo manzi.

Abaneemfuno uNothozamile ezinjalo akumangalisi ukuba ukwanda kwe helminth eliphezulu kakhulu. Ngokwawo, umbungu abadala kunqabile ayafika ubude-5 cm amadoda namabhinqa ayashiyana ekupheleni ngasemva umzimba :. Ekuqaleni kubhaliwe anquma kwaye spirally ecikizekileyo, kwaye eyesibini - an Imicu evuthelweyo.

Sidla i Parasite na okuqulethwe emathunjini womntu, oko kukuthi, igazi lakhe, ngoko ke unyango imiphumela yayo zifuna ezizodwa. Yena kuchaphazela ngokunzulu udonga isisu, ukuze oko kubangele ukudumba. iimveliso kokuphilayo olothusayo lobuninzi umsebenzi wayo.

Isifo okubangelwe yile sidalwa ebizwa trichocephalosis. Usulelo kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa qhagamshelana oyivileyo ziqhamo anodaka kunye nemifuno, amanzi. Ibe phezu kwezi zifundo amaqanda bochonkovidnye amakhalane, apho lifa ngesondo phakathi komzimba kwiiveki ezimbalwa.

Ibonisa amaqanda kunye ilindle kunye nophuhliso sele kokusingqongileyo - in eshushu, umhlaba ufumile. Emva abantu bendizonda kwakhona.

pinworm

A amile olwaye lwamfimfitha eyenzeka phantse wonke umntwana wesibini ukuze abekho kunye abadala. zilwanyana Small emhlophe kunqabile efikelela kubude ngaphezu kwe-5 mm. main inkalo labo, nto leyo evumela oko saa ngokubanzi, - nokungabikho utshintsho yomnikazi. Bona olwaye lwamfimfitha mzimbeni mnye, besidla imixholo amathumbu akhe.

Night ziphume ngezantsi kunye empundu wesangqa kubeka a lot of amaqanda. Oku kubangela ukurhawuzelela umntwana kunye ukuluma, yena bengazi iqala ephupheni ukukrwela kule ndawo. Ngoko ke amaqanda ukuze bawe phantsi nakwiinzipho, apho kwakhona kwisisu zomlomo kunye izinto ezingqongileyo.

Emva kokuba amaqanda, nemazi uyafa. Ngoko ke, kwimeko apho kwakhona ohlaselo akukho besitsho, ukuba umphilise umzimba ngaphandle ungenelelo lonyango. Isifo okubangelwa pinworms, kuthiwa Enterobiasis.

fleshworm

Impethu ekumfimfitheni yeyona ubungakanani encinane kakhulu. Ayifane ifikelela ubude 3.5 mm. Iinkunzi zincinane. Libhekisela biohelminths. Irhorho abantu kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Imbetha nemisipha sayilungisa kwaye azinze kuyo. female nganye unako ukubeka eninzi amaqanda (ukuya ku-2 amawaka), size sife.

Emva ezimbini kweenyanga amaqanda kombungu, leyo kunye yangoku nkovu nokwanda igazi wonke umzimba, esomeleza izihlunu ikhusele nokusebenza ngendlela efanelekileyo. Isifo esibizwa trichinosis, kunye yongcoliseko obomeleleyo ntsholongwane lunokubulala.

Uhlobo Flat, Amaphalo iklasi

Abameli olu hlobo isenokuba free-zokuphila kunye neefom olwaye lwamfimfitha. Ngokuba bonke bephela luphawulwa kwezinye izinto awohluke kulwakhiwo lomzimba.

1. lohlukanisa mazwe.
2. Ukungabi lweHo- yomzimba.
3. I kakhulu amandla ngenxa ngokutsha.
4. lula iphezulu kwinkqubo yokwetyisa.
5. Uninzi kweentlobo - hermaphrodites.

Izinambuzane eziphambili iiklasi ezimbini - Belt kunye Flukes.

tapeworm Ibanzi kwaye Echinococcus

tapeworm Broad - yehagu ekumfimfitheni, ithathwa yi iinginginya ezintathu ubomi. Eyokuqala ezi intlanzi, okwesibini - iintlanzi, kwesesithathu wokugqibela - mntu. Ubude ezi helminths ungaba kuze iimitha eziliqela. Bona batya imixholo emathunjini, ebangela ezibukhali ngaphezu yindlala kunye nokungabikho zokwakha ubomi yomnini.

Usulelo kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa iintlanzi odla abantu. Isifo kuthiwa bothriocephaliasis.

Echinococcus - Kwakhona yehagu ekumfimfitheni. peculiarity layo loo mntu kuye - impi eliphakathi. izinja kunye iingcuka ke zaseprayimari. Noko ke, kanye umzimba womntu, le imibungu zenziwa yi egazini. hexacanth - ezidla ke hamba. Bakha sinomoya ukuba uqale ukukhula. Esi sifo ngokuba sisifo hydatid.

Zombini ezi ntlobo ingqalelo amakhalane kufuneka imiqolo eziliqela wokukuqonda amagwegwe luzimisele umkhosi ngaphezu kwenza umonakalo abongeziweyo ukuvise intlungu. Kwakhona gazi eziqhelekileyo yoyikekayo umbhinqo yi nomxokelelwane - inkomo kunye kweeHagu.

Schistosoma kunye leykohloridy ngamazwi

Kuba abathile iimpethu olwaye lwamfimfitha luphawulwa utshintsho umnini kunye inxaxheba neegastropods? Impendulo kukuba ukuba flukes ezininzi. Le worm, nto leyo kufuneka iilekese ezininzi. Ngoko ke, ukuba ezisisigxina umzimba mkhosi wokugqibela, nto leyo umntu.

Schistosoma - luhlobo, usulelo olwenzeka xa ukuhlamba emanzini, apho siwele kwindawo. Bona batya igazi ezanyisayo. main ingozi yazo - zakhe zokutyhomfa emzimbeni, ukuba imngene iindonga enyama yangaphakathi, adeleke nangokurhala, ukubonakala cysts, nangezilonda. Buyisa kwezi izinambuzane ezinzima.

Leykohloridy ngamazwi - usebenzisa neegastropods njengomnye bemikhosi. Ingongoma sokugqibela kubomi beli umbungu ukhethe iintaka. Kunika umdla ukuba umzimba njengenkumba yile mibala luyakhula yaye uba khaxa ukuze lubonakale ezivela ngaphandle. Kufana ezinqunquthayo oqaqambileyo oluhlaza, ezitsala iintaka. Bathi zalixhola oko, ebangela nokungcoliswa.

Amanyathelo yokulwa ntshulube olwaye lwamfimfitha

Ukulwa ntshulube olwaye lwamfimfitha - akukho lula. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - nokugcina ngenyameko onke amanyathelo ayimfuneko zokuthintela. Okubaluleke kakhulu ucoceko kunye noluntu. Ngaphandle kulo mlo amaqanda helminth kunokwenzeka. Okwesibini, ngokuqinisekileyo processing elungileyo oshushu zokutya.

Unyango for uhlobo oluthile ngalunye amaphelo ngqongqo ngamnye waza ugqirha. Kaninzi iba icwecwe ( "Vermoxum", "Dekaris", "Pyrantel" njalo njalo. D.). Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko kakhulu ngakumbi kwaye kufuneka lwezitofu, IVs, imitha kunye nezinye.