Paul Antokolsky: biography kunye nemisebenzi

Imbongi eSoviet Pavel Antokolsky, engobomi kunye nobuchule bafanelwe ayifunayo, waphila ubomi obude umdla kakhulu ubomi. In memory kwakhe neziphithiphithi, iimfazwe, amalinge kwimizobo, ukwakheka iincwadi Soviet. imibongo Antokolsky - yinto emnandi, ibali abanetalente malunga namava wembongi, yobomi lizwe, malunga ukukhanya kwakhe.

imvelaphi

Juni 19, 1896 eSt Petersburg wazalwa Antokolskiy Pavel Grigorevich. Waba mdala kubantwana abane nenkwenkwe kuphela. Uyise, igqwetha kakuhle eyaziwayo, kodwa ingakumbi yimpumelelo, rhoqo ukwenza izicwangciso kwi okuguqula njani ubomi babo bube ngcono. Kodwa wayesebenzela inkoliso umncedisi ummeli, kwaye kumaxesha Soviet - gosa nje kumaziko ahlukeneyo. Bonke umntwana elele emagxeni nonina. Boy ibalwe grandnephew le nomkroli odumileyo Marc Antokolsky, leyo othile Pavlov wanika nobuciko. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba mkhaya iingcambu yamaYuda, kubomi uhlanga imbongi waba akukho indima.

ebuntwaneni

Childhood Paul Antokolsky eyayibanjelwe eSt Petersburg, yaye xa wayeneminyaka eli-8 ubudala, intsapho yakowabo yafudukela eMoscow. Main umdlalo ebuntwaneni, ngamagama alowo Antokolsky ukuba umzobo iipensile ezinemibala kunye watercolors. isifundo sakhe endimthandayo umfanekiso entloko - umzekeliso ngenxa 'Ruslan kunye Lyudmila' A. S. Pushkina. Kamva kwakukho othandwayo isifundo sesibini - umfanekiso Ivana Groznogo, okungafani oqingqiweyo uyisemkhulu wakhe Antokolsky. Ukufudukela eMoscow boy ukukhunjulwa kakuhle: emva ezolileyo magingxigingxi Petersburg Yena wambonisa unomzimba omkhulu, nengxolo kunye zimdaka. Kodwa ke ngokuthe ngcembe babeqhele ukuya eMoscow waza siqonde ukuba kowabo. I-revolution ka-1905 iya kuhlala kwagxila kuwena kwimemori yenkwenkwe, inkcaso yabantu kunye abasemagunyeni babeza kamva abe ngomnye kwimixholo zezinto zakhe.

ekufundeni

Paul Antokolsky wafunda kwiSikolo samaBanga aPhakamileyo Moscow, iziqu ngo-1914. Learning kwakulula ngaye, kodwa sidala ihlombe encinane. Konyaka emva kokugqiba kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, uPawulos wangena Moscow State University, Faculty of Law. Sele ngomnyaka wokuqala wabona ezipasejini Moscow State University Moss isibhengezo lwezindlu yeseti kwi Student Drama Studio phantsi kolwalathiso abadlali Moscow Art Theatre, ukusukela kuloo mzuzu waqalisa omnye ubomi Antokolsky. Amaxesha baba anzima, kwaye ngandlela uPawulos ngcembe ashiya izifundo zakhe eyunivesithi, kuqala ukuze asebenze kule wamajoni olululo, kodwa ekugqibeleni kuba istudiyo, nto leyo iye ibaluleka kuye.

theatre

Ithiyetha studio MSU wakhokela umlawuli ngoko kancinane-eyaziwa UYevgeny Vakhtangov waba phezulu kuye hit Paul Antokolsky. ngobomi bakhe batshintsha kakhulu nokufika yeqonga, uPawulos wazama kuqala isandla sakhe njengababambeleyo wezandla, kodwa italente yakhe akwanelanga. Ebudeni beminyaka emithathu yokufunda kwi studio, nto leyo ibuye ibe "yokubonela abantu" wazama Antokolsky yena kuzo zonke imisebenzi kunokwenzeka kumabala emidlalo, ukusuka umhleli isimo ku kumlawuli kunye screenwriter. Kuba studio, wabhala imidlalo ezintathu, kuquka "uDoll Infanta" yaye "amale ephupheni." Ngowe-1919, ebuya kude Vakhtangov, kodwa iyaqhubeka ukusebenza kwindawo yokubonela eMoscow apho de-30 phakathi wakhe mlawuli. Kamva, wabuyela endaweni yokubonela Vakhtangov, kunye nokusebenza kuphuhliso isakhiwo Arbat kuye. Emva kokufa umsunguli enkulu yemidlalo Antokolsky ngokwayo kwaye ngentsebenziswano nabanye abalawuli kwambatha ngemidlalo. Ngenxa yemidlalo Vahtangova Pavel Grigorevich eqhubeka tour eSweden, Germany kunye France. Ezi uhambo bamnceda sifunda ngalo ihlabathi ngokwakhe, yena uyazazi ngakumbi ngokwakhe yindoda eSoviet. okuvelayo yamva uyahamba uya eziqulathwe kule vesi, ingakumbi, encwadini i "West". Ithiyetha ebesoloko wahlala ngumbandela obalulekileyo wobomi Antokolsky kwanaxa wakhetha indlela eyahlukileyo.

yamaciko

nemibongo yakhe yokuqala Pavel Antokolsky ubhala kwasebuncinaneni bakhe, kodwa nzulu lo msebenzi yena wayevela. Ngowe-1920 yena ihamba kufutshane iqela ababhali Moscow ababehlanganisene kwi iimbongi Café kwi Tverskaya Street. Kukho intlanganiso Antokolsky Bryusov, abathande izibongo Fikizolo umbhali, yaye ngowe-1921 wapapasha imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala. Bryusov waba Imbongi obalaseleyo nje kuphela, kodwa lomququzeleli elihle, phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe bavela umbutho zemibongo zoncwadi e Moscow, nto leyo luncedo kakhulu kuba Antokolsky oselula. Apha lalifuna izakhono nikholwe umsebenzi wakhe omtsha. Imisebenzi yokuqala imbongi zizele romance nosithandayo yeqonga. Umzekelo, umbongo "Fransua Viyon" kunye nokuqokelelwa "Characters" ukudlulisela amaphupha neemvakalelo yeqonga. Kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe ofumana amazwi Antokolsky ilizwi yoluntu. Ngcembe ukuvuthwa, bafumana isimbo zayo kwaye kujoliswe weendawo lombhali.

Ngomhla kweMfazwe Patriotic Enkulu Pavel Antokolsky angenise isicelo lujoyine Communist Party, ukususela kulaa mzuzu ukuya phambili, wathi, ubomi obutsha. Umvambo yimfazwe bakruthana usiba wembongi, abhale kakhulu kule minyaka. Ukongeza kwisihobe, udala imizobo, ukusebenza njengoko othile imfazwe, uya ngaphambili neqela abadlali kwaye intatheli. Emva kokuba imfazwe Antokolsky iyaqhubeka ukubhala ngezihloko ezibalulekileyo ngokwentlalo, kukho iincwadi yemibongo, "inqaba Vietnam", "I Imbongi neXesha", "I Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka", eyaba eyabangumzekelo izibongo civil Soviet.

lemveli creative

Ngoxa yokudala, uPawulos Antokolsky isithombe na nayiphi encyclopedia iincwadi Soviet, ubhale iincwadi esithoba yesihobe, eminye imibongo yapapashwa iingqokelela ezine amanqaku. incwadi nganye imbongi - yinto umsebenzi engundoqo, kuxhotyiswa kunye neemvakalelo ezinzulu kunye iingcamango nombhali. Indalo idumileyo umbongo Antokolsky "Nyana", ebhaliweyo malunga ukufa yobuqhawe ubhubhileyo ngaphambili sonyana wakhe. Lo mbongo iye yazisa udumo ngamazwe imbongi kunye Prize Stalin. umdla wethu wena wenze okuninzi ngemisebenzi ebhaliweyo phantsi kwempembelelo yomoya revolution French: umbongo ka Fransua Viyone, phezu Thethani, lo mbongo "Robespierre kunye Gorgon", "sans-culottes". ukuqokelelwa Last zemibongo, "Isiphelo Century" epapashwe ngo-1977 yaye uhlobo UPawulos neziphumo ebomini.

iinguqulelo

Paul Antokolsky uninzi lobomi bakhe yendalo enikelwe umsebenzi wokuguqulela. Nokuba kwisiqingatha sesibini 30 Antokolsky ukutyelela republic udade - eArmenia, Azerbaijan kunye Georgia - kwaye unomdla ngokwesithethe sabo. Ke uqala umsebenzi wakhe wokuguqulela imibongo lesizwe kula mazwe kulwimi Russian. Ngaphezu kwako konke, yena inxaxheba uguqulelo 60s kanye 70s. Ukongeza imisebenzi neembongi Georgian, Ukrainian, Armenian kunye Azerbaijani, ubeka uncwadi oluninzi French. Xa inguqulelo yakhe ingqokelela ukuwa "imibongo yoluntu waseFransi", "Ukususela Bernazhe ukuya Eluard" anthology fundamental "iinkulungwane ezimbini kwimibongo eFransi."

impilo Personal

Imbongi waphila ubomi kakhulu osisityebi elide. Yaba ubuhlobo kunye noogxa ezifana Marina Tsvetaeva, K. Smionov, E. Dolmatovsky, Tikhonov, V. Kataev. Antokolsky wayetshatile kabini. umfazi wokuqala - Natalia Shcheglova - wazala intombi yakhe Natalia nonyana Vladimir, owafa ngowe-1942 eneminyaka ngaphambili. kamva waba opeyintayo kwaye watshata imbongi Leon Toom. nomzukulwana Antokolsky uAndreya waba unjingalwazi ophanda, osebenza eBrazil. umfazi wesibini - Zoya Konstantinovna Bazhanova - yaba ekuzobeni, kodwa ubomi bakhe bonke azinikele inkonzo yendoda yakhe. Paul Antokolsky, umfazi wakhe, abantwana kunye nabazukulwana basoloko ezinxulumene ne esona sizathu sokuba ubomi bakhe - isihobe. Indlu lihlelo yokwenene iNkosi. Ekupheleni ubomi Antokolsky Wasala yedwa, umfazi wakhe wafa, abahlobo bam ubomi. Wachitha ixesha elininzi lakhe kweli lizwe. Imbongi wafa Oktobha 9, 1978, yena wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni eMoscow Vostryakovsky.