Ontogenesis womntu. Inkcazelo emfutshane. Le ontogeny e-nervous system abantu

Le ontogeny womntu yinkqubo yophuhliso ngamnye ukususela ekudalweni ekukhawulweni de afe. Ezona mpawu ziphambili ezinento utshintshwano ubunjani kunye oluninzi ezichaziweyo kwisigaba ngasinye.

Le mbono "ontogeny" yaziswa kuqala Haeckel (sebhayoloji German) ngo-1866. abameli ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi isilwanyana sizalwa kuphuhliso ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, ontogenesis uhlobo sinambuzane mibungu lwenzeka milo ezakulandelwa. Kwezilwanyana, iqanda-ngokubekwa, uphuhliso ngamnye kwenzeka ikakhulu amaqanda ebekwe yi-bume lwangaphandle. izilwanyana Placental, umntu unokuba Esibelekweni. Kulo mzekelo, le nkqubo izigaba ezithathu: postembryonic, osandul, proembrionalny.

Kugcine iphawuleka nokusekwa kunye nophuhliso iiseli inkunzi nemazi sex - gametes, oluthi luqokelelane kwi ekudibaneni iqanda.

Ontogeny on osandul yabantu xesha (osandul) inala manyathelo bemveku kunye engekazalwa.

ixesha kokubeleka luqala emva kokuba imvume kokuzalwa. Eli nqanaba zeyure ebomini, ophela nge nokufa. ontogeny yabantu kokubeleka yahlulwe inyathelo yobudala. Kwinqanaba ngalinye, umzimba ivavanywa yokwakheka wayo kunye notshintsho nokomzimba. Ngokutsho kweengcali, amaxesha amaninzi asemngciphekweni ebalulekileyo koku- (ixesha lokutshabalala umsebenzi ngokwesondo), kunye lokufikisa (ukufikisa isigaba). Ezi mpawu ziphambili ontogenesis kwabantu.

Kumanqanaba okuqala yobomi ezingekazalwa luphawulwa ekuzalweni kwenkqubo luvo. Le ontogeny ye -nervous system ebantwini kwaye kuyaqhubeka ngexesha kwiminyaka yokuqala emva kokuzalwa.

Le amaphiko division ipleyiti senziwa mbungu. Kamva, emseleni uvaleke, yaye kamva - uvaleke.

Kuba umbungu veki sachaza ukuqina kancinane lwe ityhubhu kwisebe ngomlomo. ezintathu lwesinye ubuchopho (primary) akhiwa kwiveki yesithathu kwindawo intloko: nangasemva, esiphakathi, Front. Kwezi, iinxalenye ezisisiseko zobuchopho (diamond-ezimilise, phakathi, isiphelo). Emva koko, kukho kuqhekeka bladders ezimbini (ngaphambili nangesemva). Ukusuka yokugqibela kwakhiwa ingqondo kunye core (subcortical).

Yi ngenyanga yesithathu zophuhliso osandul aqalile ukuchonga imimandla ephambili kwinkqubo luvo. Ezi ziquka zifaka Palsy ventricles ingqondo, ibhuthi, umnqonqo. Yi ngenyanga yesihlanu eyabelweyo uthinte (zifaka) vee eziphambili. iiveki ezine kamva kumiselwa ukuxhaphaka (uhlobo esebenza) amalungu aphezulu isiqu-lialio.

Iiseli zemithambo-luvo umbungu nosana zilungiswe kanzulu kulo mba ezimhlophe kunye umphezulu hemispheric. Ngenxa kumphezulu awongezelelekileyo iqala ukufuduka leseli mba hina.

Xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abadala, nosana zifaka lobe neuron Occipital unalo ubungakanani enkulu kakhulu. Le ontogeny kwabantu kwi zokuqala ezintlanu - kwiminyaka emithandathu emva kokuzalwa unalo Okukodwa ethile. Ngeli xesha, utshintsho omkhulu kwindawo ubume bendalo, ziphembelele kunye nenani convolutions hemispheric. Kuba elinesihlanu - elinesithandathu waphawula ukufana nabantu abadala.

Kuba kokubeleka ixesha uphawu utshintsho apha emqolo. Usana ngayo ixesha elide ngaphezu koko umntu omdala. Umnqonqo ikhula kwiminyaka malunga mabini.

Kuzalwa luvo myelinated (bhanya-camera) akwanelanga, indawo ifayibha luvo uthatha okudodobalisa, kwaye (imiqadi) zinqabile.

Ukusebenza kwenkqubo kwezityalo nervous iqala kwi umntu kwasekuzalweni. Kwixesha Kukudandatheka lweposi okubhaliweyo kwiindawo ngamnye kwaye ukuyilwa tangles zobuchopho inkqubo novelwano.