I-jikelele ikhowudi yezofuzo

Izakhi Ikhowudi - yinto ufihlo inkcazelo ekhethekileyo ilifa usebenzisa iimolekyuli nucleic. Ngokusekelwe kule coded ulwazi imfuza lilawulwa Yindibanisela iiprothini kunye nee-enzayim abaqeqeshwe emzimbeni, ngaloo ndlela ocacisa ukutya. Ngenxa yoko, ubume iiprothini ngamnye umsebenzi wabo ibangelwa indawo nokwakhiwa acid - iiyunithi noshowo kwemolekyuli protini.

Phakathi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela kuye kwaqatshelwa yemfuza, ezo iindawo ezahlukeneyo of deoxyribonucleic acid (olufinyeziweyo - DNA). links Nucleotides ngohlobo lwe iimolekyuli DNA umcu iimpawu kabini, iqokelelwe ngokohlobo saya.

Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ubudlelwane phakathi izakhi kunye nesakhiwo eekhemikhali kwiiproteni ngamnye, eli esakhiwa ngo isibakala sokuba umyalelo noshowo acid kwi molekyuli iproteni elihambelana ngokomyalelo nucleotides kwi sofuzo. Njengoba le ulwalamano, abaphengululi bagqiba States ikhowudi yezofuzo, ie, ukumisela imithetho sikwimo efanelekileyo nucleotides DNA kunye acid asidi e njengeprotini.

Kukho ezine kuphela iintlobo nucleotides:

1) A - adenine;

2) G - guanine;

3) T - thymidylic;

4) D - cytidylic.

Ubume bale amabini iintlobo acid ebalulekileyo protein ifakiwe. Ngenxa kuqondwe intsingiselo ikhowudi yezofuzo, kwakukho ubunzima ngenxa nucleotides ezimbalwa kakhulu aminoskislot. Ekucombululeni le ngxaki, kuye kwacetyiswa ukuba acid ukuba beminwe yi imidibaniso ezahlukeneyo nucleotides ezintathu (ebizwa i codon okanye triplet).

Ukuba ukubala zonke iindlela izinto ezintathu aza kuba 64, okt izihlandlo ezithathu ngaphezu acid - icace phandle le ezintathu kwemfuneko.

Ukongeza, kwakudingeka ukuba achaze indlela ibekwe ezintathu ecaleni sofuzo. Ngoko ke, amaqela amathathu aphambili yemibono zezi:

1) ezintathu Balandela ndawonye rhoqo, ngamanye ukwenza ikhowudi okuqhubekayo;

2) ezintathu zilungiswe khosi iinxalenye "nantsingiselo", ngamanye Wabumba babizwa ngokuba "ikhefu" yaye "imihlathi" kwi ikhowudi;

3) ezintathu kungenzeka, ngamanye ekupheleni triplet wokuqala kuba nokuqalisa kwelandelayo.

Okwangoku kakhulu isebenzisa ngobhalo ikhowudi phambili.

ikhowudi yezofuzo kunye neempawu zayo

1) ikhowudi triplet - nto ibandakanya zizifundo engenasizathu le nucleotides ezintathu wokusungula codons.

2) Le khowudi yemfuza i njengomntu - ke ngenxa yokuba triplet yakhe. Omnye acid acid inokuba enkhowudwa yi codon ngaphezu kwesinye njengoko codon kwi izibalo, izihlandlo ezithathu ngaphezu acid. codons abaliqela ukupheliswa enze imisebenzi ethile: abanye babe "imiqondiso stop 'ukuba programmed imveliso ophela acid acid chain, ngoxa abanye kumela ukuqaliswa ikhowudi yokufunda.

3) I-ikhowudi yezofuzo ayintsonkothanga - codon ngamnye zingqinelane kuphela asidi acid.

4) ikhowudi Genetic uye collinearity, ngamanye ulandelelwano nucleotide kunye acid acid ezihambelana ngokucacileyo omnye komnye.

5) khowudi kubhalwe ngokuqhubekekayo yaye compact, "ububhanxa" nucleotides zilahlekile. It uqala ngokuchaza ukuba triplet, nto leyo ithathwa yi-non-stop zilandelayo iphela kunye codon lokuyeka.

6) Ikhowudi yezofuzo yi jikelele - naziphi na izakhi ephilayo encoder ngenxa kwiiproteni ncam. Ukunyulwa komntu akuxhomekekanga ekuzithandeleni kwinqanaba mbaxa lombutho ephilayo okanye isimo.

inzululwazi mihla kubonisa ukuba ikhowudi yezofuzo kuvela nangoko phezu ukuzalwa ephilayo entsha mba ithambo. utshintsho ongayazi neenkqubo zazivelela enze nayiphi na iinketho ikhowudi, ie acid ukuze interchanged kuwo nawuphi na umyalelo. Yini na ngethuba yendaleko yasinda kanye olu hlobo khowudi, kutheni le khowudi jikelele kwaye isakhiwo efanayo? Inzululwazi ngaphezulu ufunda malunga mkhuba ikhowudi yezofuzo, kokukhona kukho weemfihlakalo ezintsha.