Yintoni ipoliyo? Oonobangela, iimpawu, unyango, izitofu

Kude kube kamva nje, ipoliyo njengento "isifo elidluleyo", njengoko ayenzelwe wadibana. Kodwa ngenxa yokugqabhuka kwezifo amathuba amatsha ngesiquphe sifo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kule mibuzo: "Yintoni na ipoliyo?" yaye "Ndingenza njani ukukhusela mna?" kwakhona ezindebeni wonke.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ngakumbi kwesi sifundo ukuba benze konke okusemandleni kwaye bakhusele abantwana babo.

Poliovirus kunye nepoliyo

Ngoko ke, yintoni na ipoliyo? Esi sisifo yondele zibangelwa poliovirus. Ichaphazela umnqonqo umcimbi engwevu kunye nezinye iinxalenye nkqubo luvo. Le ntsholongwane lilwandisela xa kukho icytoplasm iiseli abachaphazelekayo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, esi sifo olufunyanwa kubantwana abancinci, ubuncinane - in elivisayo.

ngezigaba yepoliyo

Sepoliyo kungenziwa zihlelwe kwi eziliqela parameters, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo bawayo kunye nohlobo sifo.

1. Xa uhlobo losulelo lungohlulwa lube iifom ezimbini:

• boqobo ebudeni kuchaphazela inkqubo luvo;
• Nedlac xa sifo akukho zimpawu zibonakale ( "isifo elincinane").

2. Ngokutsho ubungqongqo sepoliyo sifo zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu:

• ifomu kakhulu;
• ubunzima avareji;
• ifomu ezilula.

Ngelo xesha amisele iqondo ubungnqongqo inokuba ngugqirha ukuvavanya umthamo ukuphazamiseka intshukumo nendlela ngamandla wavakalisa ukunxila kuphela.

3. uhlobo sifo ingaba:

• egudileyo, xa lwenzeka ngaphandle naziphi na iingxaki;
• nonsmooth, apho kukho iingxaki ngohlobo exacerbation zizifo ezingapheliyo, ukuzimanya usuleleko lesibini, njalo njalo. d.

Izizathu ukuvela ukusasazeka kwezifo

Poliovirus, yona i-arhente causative of sepoliyo, kuvela iindidi ezintathu. Bona etyunjwe Amanani baseRoma mna, II kunye III.

Imithombo losuleleko: izigulana kunye abathwali ntsholongwane yepoliyo.

Le ntsholongwane ezidluliselwa ngeendlela ezintathu:

1. zamathontsana emoyeni. Ukuba ngaba isigulane sine-HIV okanye pathogen yenethiwekhi kwi yencindi pharyngeal ngexesha ukhohlela okanye uthimla ntsholongwane yepoliyo unokufumana kwisiqwenga sokuphefumla abantu abaphilileyo bandiqumbise nophuhliso sifo.
2. indlela Oral-gciwane. Kulo mzekelo, usulelo kubangelwe kokusetyenziswa ubisi nekipyachonogo yintsholongwane, ezingahlanjwanga kwemifuno okanye iziqhamo. Ukuze ufumane ukutya abanentsholongwane anobulongwe umntu ogulayo ngoncedo wesangqa - iimpukane.
3. indlela ngemihla. Le ntsholongwane sisasazwa ngokuxubusha izinto zasekhaya eqhelekileyo kunye tableware.

Indlela ukufumanisa ipoliyo umntwana

Ixesha elisuke kwesi sifo ihlala-avareji leentsuku-8 ukuya ku-12. Nangona kukho amaxesha xa kuthatha iintsuku ezi-5 ukuya 35. Yiloo ndlela ixesha elingakanani udlula ukususela ekudalweni losulelo de Iimpawu zokuqala zesi sifo. Ngelo xesha iimpawu eziphawulwe of ipoliyo ebantwaneni zifumaneka kuphela ngo-10% yezigulane. Kwezinye iimeko, uyakwazi ukufunda sisifo kunokwenzeka, kodwa zophononongo.

Phambi kokuqwalasela mpawu, kufuneka ukuba ukhumbule ukuba iintlobo lohlulwe ntoni nepoliyo kunye, njengoko iimpawu ezahlukeneyo kwaye ikhapha, kuxhomekeka kuhlobo sifo.

Ngexesha Nedlac zosulelo ( "izigulo ezincinane") iimpawu nepoliyo ebantwaneni zezi zilandelayo:

• ukwanda okukhulu ezidlulayo lobushushu emzimbeni ukuya degrees 39-40;
• ukunxila wobulali, apho kuboniswa njengoko sorhudo kunye nokugabha;
• intloko;
• walunywa;
• umkhuhlane jikelele;
• ukozela okanye ugwayi;
• ukubila.

Ukongezelela, kungenzeka iimpumlo ezivuzayo kunye nomqala obuhlungu.

uhlobo Nedlac (okanye isisu) osulelo amaninzi mazingabhidaniswa nasiphi na izifo egazini, ekubeni akukho ezithile zimpawu yepoliyo.

Ukuba 'isifo elincinane "ayilwamkeli kungena elandelayo (predparaliticheskuyu) eqongeni, emva kweentsuku 3-7 umntwana kwakhona ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuba umntwana abosulelekileyo uhlobo obabuthandwa kwisigaba losuleleko "isifo eliphantsi" kakuhle kwi "isifo esikhulu" kwaye ihamba kunye iimpawu ezongezelelweyo:

• nokuqiniswa intloko ebuhlungu;
• intlungu entanyeni kunye umva;
• buhlungu imilenze;
• izihlunu ukudinwa.

Iimviwo Clinical neemvavanyo ngeli nqanaba kwabonisa ukunyuka koxinzelelo cerebrospinal fluid, kunciphise amanqanaba iiprothini emzimbeni, ukwandisa inani leukocytes.

Xa engekho ukushwabana lobushushu emzimbeni nganye ezinga malungu abantu ekupheleni kweveki yesibini esi sifo, kwaye ekupheleni leyesithathu ekugqibeleni ngokuyinqaba kwaye zonke ezinye iimpawu.

Ifom ofe kwesi sifo iba 1 ngo 1000. kuphela koko, ukuba ujoyine iimpawu eziphambili zezi:

• twitching imisipha;
• ukugcinwa womchamo;
• imbonakalo paresis kunye ukushwabana imilenze kunye nomzimba.

Kuxhomekeka inxalenye uchaphazelekayo womGaqo umnqonqo, ukukhubazeka kungenzeka empontshwa, thoracic okanye umqolo wesibeleko. Zizihlunu uqhelekileyo empontshwa.

Liqukumbele ixesha ofe sikhatshwe ugobile yomqolo, deformation kunye kuphungulwe omzimba, nto leyo ekhokelela incapacity yabo epheleleyo.

Iingxaki kunye neziphumo emva ipoliyo

Ukuba ipoliyo egcinwe ngendlela isisu, naziphi na iziphumo ezibi oko ndiya kunityatha hayi nangayiphi na indlela kuchaphazela ubomi bomntwana.

Ukuba isifo sele iwupasisile kwisigaba zobulima, imeko kumguli lube lubalulekile. Xa spinal cord nokwenzakala yehla kakhulu ubuchule bayo ubungakanani kunye nomlenze motor ukuhla. Kwiimeko yokuswela ezilibazisekileyo okanye olupheleleyo unyango olufanelekileyo umntu ukuze ubomi iba abakhubazekileyo esingasebenziyo ngenxa yoma kwezihlunu kunye paresis.

Ukuba ukukhubazeka uza thoracic, kusenokuba nokuba yingozi ngenxa yokulibaziseka of eziphefumlayo kwenzeka ebudeni ukushwabana izihlunu intercostal kunye uvalo.

unyango polio

Unyango wenziwa kuphela ekufakweni esibhedlele.

ndifinyeze iimpiliso olulodwa yepoliyo ayisekho, ngoko ke unyango kufana nomqondiso. Isigulana rhoqo Isiyaluyalu ubushushu bafake ntlungu kunye nadlamkisayo. Ukongeza, le khosi esabelwa vitamin (iivithamini B6, B12, B1, C), ii-asidi acid, igamma globulin.

Ngexesha nqanaba zale sifo isigulane ubonisa ulawulo umandlalo engqongqo isithuba seeveki ukuya ku-3.

Ukuba kukho ukushwabana thoracic, isigulana ibekwe kwi umoya ngomatshini.

ingqalelo Kuninzi ihlawulwa imilenze ofe umqolo. Oogqirha kubona ukuba onke amalungu omzimba kwindawo yendalo.

Imilenze ezibekwe ngaxeshanye omnye komnye, phantsi ngamadolo kunye namalungu hip sivale roller. Iinyawo kufuneka aa Incopho na shins, oku apha emazantsi umqamelo ashinyeneyo.

Izandla umtshato kwi emacaleni waguqa kwi engqinibeni kwi-engile degrees 90.

Ukuphucula Uhanjiso neuromuscular, isigulane emiselweyo "Neuromidin", "Dibazol", "Neostigmine".

Unyango Isebe esosulelayo ithatha malunga 2-3 iiveki. Oku kulandela sokubuyisa ixesha ekuphulukenwe - okokuqala esibhedlele kwaye ngoko qho kwesibhedlele. Angalulama eklasini zamathambo, yonyango ngamanzi, imithambo zonyango, ukuyifundisa.

Emva yipoliyo kucetyiswa unyango kweso sibhedlele.

Prevention of yepoliyo

Kubalulekile ukuba kukhunjulwe ukuba ipoliyo amatyala kufuneka bodwa kwabanye kangangeeveki ezi-6, njengoko inaso esi sifo.

Ukuze bazikhusele kwesi sifo, asingekhe silibale ngoonobangela imvelaphi yayo (ukuba ubhubhani). Bonke esithathwe ekudleni imifuno kunye neziqhamo kufuneka ahlambe kakuhle ngamanzi acocekileyo. Qiniseka ukuba uhlambe izandla (ekukhethwa ngesepha namanzi) phambi kokuba utye nasemva kokuba ehamba esitratweni kwaye kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.

Okubuhlungu kukuba, le milinganiselo ingentla ukunciphisa kuphela ukuba nokwenzeka sifo, kodwa musa ukukhusela nxamnye nayo. Ngempumelelo kakhulu kunye nendlela yangoku wokhuseleko kule ntsholongwane uhlala ukuba nezifo ipoliyo. Oku kuphunyezwe Bulelani kogonyo mihla, nto leyo iqalisa ukuba kwenzeke kwiinyanga zokuqala yobomi yosana.

ipoliyo lwamachiza

Ugonyo - yenye yeendlela eziphambili zokuthintela ipoliyo.

Kukho iindidi ezimbini zokugonya:

1. OPV (poliovirus okuncitshiswe) - live ntsholongwane yepoliyo ( "USabine" sokugonya).
2. IPV (poliovirus inaktirovanny) - iqulethe le poliovirus kunye formalin abulawe.

uhlobo ngalunye ogonyo uneempawu zawo kunye Izimo, ngoko kufuneka siqwalasele ngamnye kubo ngokwahlukeneyo.

lugonyo OPV

OPV ugonyo ikhutshwa phandle instillation ka 2-4 ngamathontsi ichiza emlonyeni zosana (kwi inyama lymphoid womqala okanye tonsils, ngokuxhomekeka kubudala yomntwana).

Isitofu sokugonya akazange aye kungena esiswini, amachaphaza post-yipoliyo Ayikwazi ukondla namanzi umntwana kwisithuba ngeyure enye.

Phambi kokuba ugonyo kungavumelekanga ukuba ukungena ezityiwa umntwana zokutya ezintsha.

Phambi kokuba ugonyo kuyimfuneko pre-bathenge antipyretic kunye namayeza komzimba.

Ukuze siphephe kangangexesha elithile emva ugonyo akakwazi kiss kwi imilebe umntwana kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuba uhlambe izandla zakho emva ukucoca ucoceko kunye nomntwana.

OPV Ugonyo contraindicated ukuba:

• umntwana okanye lentsapho ilungu immunodeficiency naso okanye i-HIV;
• enxitywe abasetyhini abakhulelweyo okanye phindeke;
• abazali bomntwana izicwangciso ukukhulelwa enye ngaphezulu;
• imiphumela emibi kwenzeka emva kokuba ugonyo OPV yangaphambili;
• umzimba amacandelo lokugonya (streptomycin, polymyxin B, neomycin).

Abazali abaninzi banomdla umbuzo ukuba kunokwenzeka ukwenza ipoliyo (isitofu sokugonya), xa umntwana kwafunyaniswa ukuba izifo ezosulelayo okanye egazini. Impendulo ilula: musa! Xa kunjalo, ugonyo kuphela emva kokuba achache.

IPV ugonyo

IPV yaziswa le kwesikhumba emzimbeni okanye intramuscularly. Oku kuboniswe kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• umntwana kwasekuzalweni inkqubo buthathaka umzimba;
• umama ekhulelwe umntwana.

Kwakhona, lokugonya esetyenziswa ngabasebenzi bezempilo ukuqhakamshelana nezigulane rhoqo.

Phambi kogonyo, khangela ubukho kwi emithi ekhaya komzimba iziyobisi kunye neziyobisi antipyretic.

Akuvunyelwe ukungena kwizidlo lwemveliso ezintsha ukuze uphephe basabele nawo.

Sepoliyo (Ukuchumisa): iingxaki kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga

Kwimeko ezilandelayo ezibonisa kwimiphumo yezonyango yokungenelela akufuneki:

• isicaphucaphu, ukugabha okanye urhudo (ngexesha elinye-);
• ukwandisa uvalo;
• ukudumba okanye intlungu kuyo inaliti;
• intloko ebuhlungu;
• lobushushu emva kogonyo yipoliyo - linokufikelela inqanaba degrees 38.5.

Ukuze uncede umntwana wakho nokuphucula impilo yakhe, kufuneka ukuba amnike i-arhente antipyretic ngokohlobo unqunyanyiso okanye paratsetamolovoy amakhandlela. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kamsinya nje ubushushu kusithwa eziqhelekileyo, unyamalale nemiqondiso yayo umlindi lokugula: isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, intloko ebuhlungu, izihlunu ongunogqwashu.

Kwezinye iimeko, ugqirha ucebisa ukunika kalokunje ngesitya antipyretic umntwana emva kokubuyela ekhaya, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba iqondo lobushushu avuke.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko apho kuyimfuneko ukujika ugqirha ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka okanye ubize inqwelo:

• umntwana wabonakala, uphelelwa ngumphefumlo okanye ubunzima uphefumlayo;
• lobushushu lenyuka ngaphezu kweqondo 39 ingekuko ngokusebenzisa antipyretics;
• umntwana yaba ecubhukile kunye engasebenziyo;
• umntwana ebona ukozela and silale;
• wabonakala urhawuzelelwa okanye ezindlwini zazo esizeni Ukuchumisa, okanye wonke umzimba;
• kwakukho nokuba kancinane ukudumba ebusweni okanye amehlo;
• kukho nobunzima ukuginya.

schedule Ipoliyo Ugonyo of ugonyo lwabantwana

Ugonyo ipoliyo lwenziwa ngokungqinelana Health Ministry of zeshedyuli evunyiweyo:

1. Inaliti yokuqala ukubola komqala kunye nepoliyo na umntwana ubudala-nyanga ezintathu.

2. Le okubuhlungu yesibini yenziwe iintsuku ezingama-45 emva kokuba lokuqala - ngeenyanga 4.5.

3. Le okubuhlungu sesithathu kunye yokugqibela sokugonya yepoliyo kwenziwa xa umntwana ujika emi-6 ubudala.

Revaccination njengecandelo mandatory yokuzikhusela kwizifo

Inkqubo booster ipoliyo inceda umntwana ukumelana nezifo yobomi sifo. Yena eneminyaka eli leenyanga ezili-18 no-24, yaye emva - kweminyaka 6 emva gonyo wokugqibela.

Kwaqhutywa uphando lubonise ukuba emva ugonyo lwe DPT kunye nepoliyo amathuba sifo esondele zero. kanye kwakhona Oku kubonisa impumelelo kogonyo, kunye nabazali babantwana ukugonywa bayazi into nepoliyo, kuphela ngethiyori, kwaye, ngethamsanqa, soze ubone obubonakala xa befundisa.