Systems Operating: A uluhlu lweenketho, iinguqulelo ncomo

Ngoku, kude ukusuka IT-sphere abantu bazi ukuba kukho ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo zokusebenza. Uzibhala anda kakhulu nkqu kule minyaka mi-5 idlulileyo, ingakumbi ngenxa yokwanda kwenani izixhobo mobile. Ziziphi iimpawu zabo, ahluke njani, yintoni na eziluncedo zabo nezingalunganga?

inkqubo yokuhlelwa

Baya kwahluka enye kwenye kwi ezahlukeneyo parameters, ngokukodwa, malunga nolwabiwo lwemisebenzi phakathi kweekhompyutha. Iiklasi iinkqubo kunye nothungelwano ngokwabo operating zezi:

• kontanga;
• dvurangovymi (ziye zanikezelwa abancedisi).

Kukho iikhompyutha ezibonelela izixhobo zabo kwabanye. Kulo mzekelo benza njengomncedisi womnatha. Enye client zabo. Iikhompyutha enze umsebenzi okanye lesibini, okanye ukuhlanganisa kubo kunye. Inkqubo yokusebenza kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno lomthengi.

Uluhlu kwiindlela ezininzi ethandwa

Zeziphi ithandwa kakhulu phakathi abasebenzisi indlela yokusebenza? Olu luhlu ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Windows.
• MacOS.
• Android.
• Wobuntu.
• Linux nabanye.

Kukho kwakhona kancane. Umzekelo, Fedora okanye Back Track. Kodwa eqhelekileyo indawo kunokuba iingcali emxinwa.

Indlela ukukhetha?

Ukuze abasebenzisi, kukho iintlobo ezahlukileyo. Oku kakhulu lula ukusetyenziswa kunye namathuba lweenkqubo zokusebenza. Nganye kuzo ineendlela zayo kunye neengxaki. Enye ukusebenza ebalulekileyo, okwesibini - esibonakalayo, eyesithathu - isiqinisekiso ukhuseleko lwedatha zobuqu. Yokusebenza ngenxa PC, uludwe leyo ngaphezu kwabo ziyilelwe izixhobo mobile olwahlukileyo yesibini ukuya neemfuno kumatshini yabo.

Basebenzisa kumgangatho eyahlukileyo wentuthuzelo kunye ezintsha abasebenzisi zabo, ikakhulu ngenxa kukhetho lo msebenzi umntu.

Iimpawu of Windows

Kule minyaka idlulileyo, iinkqubo ezintsha zokusebenza. Uluhlu obupheleleyo kakhulu ethandwa Android kunye iOS. Noko ke, Microsoft Windows, njengokuba ngaphambili, kuhlala idumileyo ehlabathini.

Akubalulekanga nje indlela yokusebenza othandwa kakhulu, kodwa ke eyona bekhululekile ukusebenzisa; ezinkulu wabaqalayo. Abafundi, abasebenzi ofisi kunye nabantu babo bonke ubudala - phantse yonke iphela yokusebenza kwinkqubo Windows. Linux ngokwemveli kusetyenziswa ziingcali ezizodwa.

okukhona

Izinto eziluncedo engundoqo elidume oyintanda "Vind" ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Umsebenzisi-friendly interface;
• inani elikhulu software ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinokuthi kufakelwa simahla ngaphandle kwentlawulo;
• lula ukufakwa kunye uqwalaselo;
• iseva lula ulawulo.

bendlela Windows

iinguqulelo ezininzi "Vindous" - ihlawulwe iinkqubo zokusebenza. Uluhlu inokufumaneka imithombo ezivulekileyo. Ixabiso eliphezulu le-software - ukunqongophala isitshixo Windows.

Enye negative - oko Ukungazinzi sesichengeni yonke intsapho indlela yokusebenza zonke iintlobo malware.

Inguqulo entsha

Ingaba Windows 10? Konke kuxhomekeke uya kuba yintoni na uguqulelo - eKhaya okanye Professional. Kwimeko yokuqala, iindleko iza kuba malunga 6000 engange, kunye yesibini - malunga 10 amawaka.

ukuguqulwa ophelileyo njengoko ezidlulileyo, babe interface zakudala okanye enye njenge "ezisibhozo", apho uyakwazi ukukheta i icon kwi desktop.

Ukuphendula impendulo ubhalo lo mbuzo, kungakanani ngayo Windows 10, into yokuba iindleko ezininzi, oko kuyimfuneko ukulumkisa: musa uthathe ixesha ukuba. Emva kokuba mvume inikwa kumsebenzisi, akanayo umhla wokuphelelwa wokugqibela. Kodwa software ezinjalo, ezifana imidlalo intanethi, anti-ntsholongwane, okanye Office, kufuna uhlaziyo rhoqo ngokusekelwe ihlawulwe.

Ngokutsho namasiko, ukuba ngaba kwi computer uguqulelo yangaphambili mvume ye Windows, wena ukunyusela zakutshanje ungakwazi khulula.

Previous Windows OS

Ngaphandle kokuba kukhululwe software entsha, kukho abo ukhululekile usebenzisa yangaphambili. iinguqulelo ezahlukileyo Iindlela zokusebenza banamalungelo zabo. Ngoku, kunye "ishumi phezulu", abaninzi bayaqhubeka ukusebenzisa "ezisibhozo" yaye "asixhenxe".

Windows 7 yakhululwa ngo-2009. It wabhalwa njenge yophuhliso ukusuka edlulileyo "Vista", kunye nezisombululo ezintsha ngokupheleleyo ezichukumisa isinxulumanisi kunye neenkqubo eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi. Kwakunokwenzeka ukuba software - imidlalo, izicelo, ubugcisa, kwaye inani nezinye izinto.

"Zisixhenxe" uye iintlelo eziliqela:

• wokuqala;
• base ekhaya;
• Premium Ekhaya;
• yobambiswano;
• professional;
• esiphezulu.

Inguqulelo elilandelayo kwinkqubo zokuSebenza - Windows 8 yakhululwa ngo-2012. Eyona ezintsha baso interface ngokutsha ukuba iguqulwe ukusetyenziswa kwisixhobo mobile. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le mveliso nkampani osenyongweni-athengisa.

inguquko ephelelwe

Kukho kwakhona kanye ethandwa, kodwa ngoku phantse ulibele iinkqubo zokusebenza. Uluhlu ingaqalwa ne-Windows 95, ngayo kanye kolu khutsho ngelo xesha, abaninzi baqala ukusebenza nge-PC. Emva kwabonakala kungekho Windows ngaphantsi ethandwayo 98. Le nkqubo ilandelayo - Windows 2000 - wangena ekujikeni kwewaka kwaye ilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa kwizixhobo kunye bit-32 esixhasiweyo.

Noko ke, le yodumo ukufumana XP, owayebonakele ngo-2001 Windows. Noludumileyo yena wayesandul kunikwa indlela eya uguqulelo yesixhenxe neyesibhozo. Iminyaka engaphezu 10 ukuba nje, wesuka waba ukufakela abasebenzisi XP kwiikhompyutha zazo kunye laptops.

iinguqulelo yabathengi Landela-up of Vista waqalisa, kodwa usebenziso lwayo kunye neempawu, ngokutsho kwiingcali, wayenechaphothi kakhulu, ukuba isizathu sokuba wazuza udumo.

ukusebenza nezinye iinkqubo ze computer

Noko ke, asingabo bonke abantu kwi Windows. Kukho nezinye iinkqubo zokusebenza PC. Dwelisa nabo kuquka, ingakumbi, MacOS, Linux, ubuntu nezinye iinguqulelo zayo. iingcali zabo elimxinwa sebenzisa.

Ubuntu wadalwa ngokusekelwe kwi-Linux. interface yalo efana kakhulu no Mxholo Mac, kodwa style jikelele efanayo kwi Windows. Amalungu kakhulu ukuba usebenziso olulula, uzinzo, kwaye inkqubo yokusebenza ifumaneka simahla. Bathanda kwakhona isantya yomsebenzi kumatshini. Kodwa kukho Ubuntu kunye minuses - imali encinane-software, imidlalo, kunye cebo ezintsonkothileyo zolawulo.

MacOS - i inkqubo yokusebenza oluphuhliswe Apple wemveliso kwayo iikhompyutha. Ibizwa ngokuba imveliso umsebenzisi imali - it uyilo entle kwaye isebenziseka lula isinxulumanisi kunye namakhono ezibalaseleyo multimedia. Kodwa lo sisombululo ayikho nefikelelekayo kumntu wonke, ngokuba njengoko iikhompyutha ngokwawo, kunye Apple OS lophawu, xa kuthelekiswa nabanye, ngendlela emangalisayo imali eninzi.

Kwakhona, kuba abanye iiPC usebenzise Linux. Le nkqubo ikhululekile, uzinzile, kukho inani elikhulu software eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi. Noko ke, nangona zonke ezi iingenelo, lufuna ubuchule eliphezulu umsebenzisi. Ngoko ke, Linux amaninzi ukucwangcisa badwelisi benkqubo, networkers, kunye nezinye iingcali.

Umsebenzi weselula

Njengoko usazi, abasebenzisi ngakumbi nangakumbi ukhetha ukusebenzisa i-Intanethi ngaphezu kunye laptops kunye PC, kunye iifowuni - Smartphones kunye namacwecwe. Kukho ezisebenza iinkqubo olulungiselelwe ngokukodwa kubo. Eyona Android ziqhelekileyo ne iOS. Kodwa "Symbian" uphulukene kwayo ngenxa iimpawu zayo sele ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabasebenzisi.

Kwindawo yokuqala ngokwamanani usecicini enkulu yi "Android". Ngapha koko, ukuba iOS - OS ilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukuba Apple kaThixo, akwazi ukubaleka Smartphones kunye namacwecwe iimveliso, ezifana:

• Samsung.
• LG.
• Sony.
• Lenovo nabanye.

"Android" liye umsebenzisi-friendly interface abasebenzisi bayo, ebavumela ukuba banandiphe software ophezulu umgangatho inani elikhulu simahla. Kufanelekile nje kuphela Smartphones nezidanga, kodwa ngenxa mihla "smart TV." Devices ezisekelwe kule OS nga reflash zakho uze wenze utshintsho umsebenzi wabo.

Kodwa iOS, nto leyo yimveliso Apple, uthathwa ukuba uzinze yaye ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ngakumbi, ngokubonelela abathengi a elungileyo ubunakho multimedia. Kodwa xa kuthelekiswa "Android", oko kukuthi imali eninzi kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba isoftware free kukho abambalwa kakhulu. Ke loo nto kubonelelwe imali eninzi kakhulu.

Malunga-10 eyadlulayo, naphambi kwabo basebenzisa i Internet on mobile phones, siye ngenkuthalo kusetyenziswa inkqubo "Symbian", nolwathi lwaphuhliswa ngokudibeneyo ngokukhokela kwi abenzi ngexesha (Nokia, Nokia, kunye nabanye). Isebenza ngoku, kodwa xa kuthelekiswa iOS and "Android", yena akakwazi ukumelana imisebenzi kujongana abanini namhlanje-yezixhobo mobile.

Okunye Systems Operating

Ukongeza kule OS ofanayo PC kanye iifowuni, kukho kwakhona sincinane-yaziwa, abaninzi babo sidalwe Linux uhlobo kwaye ifuna kwinqanaba eliphezulu nezakhono umsebenzisi. Enye yezi nkqubo Fedora. Kuyinto uzinzile kakhulu, phantse uwa kwisicwangciso somsebenzi. Unga bayakhohlwa endiza, nomthwalo ngesiquphe kunye nezinye iingxaki.

Kukho iinkqubo ezithile zokusebenza. Umzekelo, Sekela Track. Le nkqubo simahla yaye isetyenziswa imigewu ehlabathini lonke. Uninzi yoqhawulo-ins olwenziwe wabulela Sekela Track. Waye ekuqaleni elungiselelwe ukufumana imvume yokungena ukukhuphela data evela ikhompyutha ethile.

Abantu kude sphere computer, nto ingako malunga iimpawu lweenkqubo zokusebenza kunye nenombolo sawo. On laptops okanye iikhompyutha babeka "Vindous" iPhones zixhotyiswe nge-software yabo, kunye nezinye Smartphones kunye namacwecwe akugqibekanga "Android".

Kodwa kukho inani elikhulu kwezinye iinkqubo, ukuba akusoloko ezifanelekileyo uluhlu olubanzi ngenxa iimpawu zayo. Ukukhethwa esebenza ixhomekeke ubukhulu becala imisebenzi ebekwe ngabantu.