Njani na ingeniso yesizwe?

Ukuze ubone uzinzo kwezoqoqosho urhulumente usebenzisa ingqiqo ezahlukeneyo. Bonke zinceda ukuqinisekisa utshintsho kunye nokukhula kuqoqosho, kwakunye ukucebisa iindlela zophuhliso kwixesha elizayo. Iba uhlobo uphawu lizwe kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele, inceda ukwakha ubuhlobo kunye namanye amazwe.

Ngoko ke, yintoni eyenza "ingeniso epheleleyo yesizwe"? Le nto ngaphezu sum of kwingeniso epheleleyo zaseprayimari, ezafumana abemi belizwe elithile kangangexesha elithile. Ngaphezu koko, le ndlela yokubala isebenza kuzo zombini abahlali ngaphakathi elizweni kwaye abo amazwe, kodwa engummi. Kwimeko yokugqibela oko kuqwalaselwa kuphela inxalenye yengeniso baya kumazwe angaphandle.

Kutheni imfuneko ukubala onjalo?

iingeniso zikarhulumente azixhomekekanga kuphela umthamo imveliso kweli lizwe, ukususela iimveliso kunye neenkonzo ezinikezelwa, njl Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthatha ingqalelo isixa-mali efunyanwa abahlali lizwe. Kwaye kule meko kuyimfuneko ukuze bakuthathele ingqalelo isixa-mali evela phesheya, kwakunye loo nxalenye mali, nto leyo iye kutshintshelwa kwamanye amazwe.

bahluphekayo Gross kuxhomekeke kwi- GDP (GDP). Kodwa kukho umahluko phakathi kwazo. Bona ichazwe kakhulu kukuba iyonke kwimveliso yasekhaya (GDP) ezibonisa ikakhulu kuphela umthamo imveliso, inkqubela yawo, kwaye oku kuquka ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo ukuba eziveliswa okanye ezenziwa ngabahlali (abahlali) kweli lizwe.

Nangona ingeniso kwizwelonke ukuba ngaba ixabiso elipheleleyo labantu yengeniso kweli lizwe, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, urhulumente lonke liphela. Le cash flow jikelele, ezo abahlali lizwe. ingeniso Gross kazwelonke (GNI) ibalwa ngale ndlela ilandelayo: ukuba imveliso iyonke yasekhaya (GDP) idityaniswe umahluko phakathi ingeniso evela phesheya kwaye ehlawulwa kwamanye amazwe.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-GDP ne GNI?

  Le meko ayikho ngokucacileyo kusoloko yintoni umahluko phakathi kwala magama mabini, kwaye okona kubalulekileyo ningaqondi kutheni bahlukaniswa, ngenxa yokuba efana kakhulu omnye komnye.

Nangona kunjalo, umahluko, imveliso kwesambuku - yiloo nto ichaza iimpahla kunye neenkonzo eziveliswe ngaphakathi elizweni, ie, lubonakaliswa ixabiso lilonke zonke ezi iimpahla kunye neenkonzo. Nangona ingeniso epheleleyo esibonisa sonke isixa semali, ukuba ya- abemi beli lizwe. Ngelo xesha linye inokusebenza kuphela kwilizwe labo. Ngoko ke, lo ingeniso yesizwe kuquka ingeniso abahlali ukuba bathathe inxaxheba eyenzwa kwamanye amazwe.

Xa practice oku kuthetha ukuba iinkampani ezininzi bakwazi ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zazo kwamanye amazwe. Kukho kwakhona amanye imveliso azikwazanga kusekwa. Inzuzo ezakwabiwa ngayo phakathi kwamazwe, kodwa inxalenye uya kweli lizwe, lalo inkampani, njl

Ngendlela, ukuba udla ngokubizwa ngokuba GNI per capita imveliso wamazwe (GNP). Kuyinto enye, kude 1993 wabiza imveliso GNI kwaye kubalwa ngendlela efanayo. Utshintsho lwenziwe ngokunxulumene nesibakala sokuba i-GDP ibonakalisa kuphela kwintsebenzo imveliso, lo gama i-ingeniso yesizwe ibonakalisa ingeniso iyonke kazwelonke onke amacandelo ezoqoqosho.

Ngokubhekiselele kumazwe ahlukeneyo GNI kunye GDP kwihlabathi inokunxulunyaniswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Njengomgaqo, kumazwe aphuhlileyo ingeniso yesizwe mkhulu kwimveliso zesizwe, njengoko kubonelela ngemali kumazwe asakhasayo, uze ufumane yenzala ukunikezelwa kwezibonelelo kwaye ziyinxalenye kwimveliso.

ERashiya, GDP zisengaphantsi IRR. Ukongeza, ukuba uthabathe ukusuka GNI ukusetyenziswa iindleko ezinkulu yaye ukuphelwa lixabiso ukuba uyakwazi ukufumana ingeniso yesizwe net (NNI), nto leyo nayo asetyenziswe inkcazelo kuqoqosho.