Ukhuphiswano free: ingqiqo, indlela, amaxabiso

Eyona iphambili nayiphi na bathengi ukhuphiswano. Ukongeza imveliso kunye nemfuneko, lwesi sakhi inikeza umsebenzi wayo.

le nkcazelo

Enyanisweni, olu khuphiswano kuthiwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo umbango kwezoqoqosho phakathi kwe mveliso, iinkampani kunye noosomashishini ukuvelisa iimveliso okanye iinkonzo. Injongo ngxabano yabo ukufumana iimeko ezithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuziphatha lwemisebenzi yemveliso, ekufezekisweni imveliso kwaye ngoko ukwandisa iingeniso.

Eli yokhuphiswano

Ubukho kokhuphiswano ubabalo causative factor abaqeshi ukuqhuba ukuba sifune izisombululo ngakumbi asakhasayo ngemiba kunye neengxaki zoshishino. ukhuphiswano ifuthe Special okukuchaphazela ngomgangatho imveliso, kwakunye izinga kwentengiso.

Ngamanye amaxesha iintlobo usukuzwano kwezoqoqosho ukufikelela siswele, kunye neemvakalelo neminqweno kwaye ufikelela kwinqanaba kangangokuba ibinzana elithi "ukhuphiswano" kungaphezu kufanelekile.

Olu khuphiswano kulungile emarikeni

Ukuza kwimarike, abenzi ukuba uzikhusele rhoqo kwizikhundla zabo, kungenjalo baya kuba phakathi abathengisi intakumba ezininzi iimveliso eziphambili. Ukutsala ingqalelo lomthengi, ukuba isicelo ubugcisa obutsha, updated uluhlu imveliso, ukuba bemlalele uphuhliso lwezenzululwazi nobuchwepheshe ezintsha nokuzise kwiinkqubo zabo kwimveliso. Ukongeza, ngokomdla umenzi - ukusetyenziswa kwezinto kakhulu- kulwabiwo lwezibonelelo zayo (eziphathekayo, abasebenzi, imali).

Ukufumaneka iimeko ukukhuphisana kurhwebo ivumela abaxumi ukuba usebenzise iimveliso kakhulu kakuhle, olusebenzayo, enomtsalane kunye neendleko-olusebenzayo.

iindidi zokhuphiswano

Lo mbono kakhulu njengoko "ukhuphiswano", idibanisa inani elikhulu ngaphezu ethile. Kukho ukhuphiswano yokuhlela ngokwemimiselo ezahlukeneyo, kunye result ezahlula ezi ntlobo:

• Intra.
• Interbranch.
• Fair.
• Ayinabulungisa.
• Zentengo.
• Non-ixabiso.

Ukusuka kwindawo Ngenxa izithintelo ukuba emarikeni, kukho ukhuphiswano mahala (nyulu, ogqibeleleyo) kunye abangafezekanga. Okulandelayo iya kuba iimpawu zemalike abasebenza neemeko kukhuphiswano egqibeleleyo.

Uqoqosho market ukhuphiswano free

Wabiza ukhuphiswano egqibeleleyo, apho imarike inika abathengi abaninzi kunye nabathengisi (abavelisi) ukuba ngamnye abahlala icandelo encane yemarike yaye ukumisa naziphi na iimeko yokuthengisa okanye ukuthenga iimveliso.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukhuphiswano obugqibeleleyo kuthathwa kunokuba ingqiqo yeengcingane, leyo kunqabile kakhulu ehlabathini lokwenene (umzekelo, le istock market seliza inkoliso model).

Xa ukhuphiswano free malunga ukuhla kwamaxabiso, imeko ukuveliswa nemfuneko, kwakunye inkampani-abavelisi kunye nabathengi iba karhulumente, nkqu kwinqanaba nqila.

Enye inkalo ukhuphiswano ecocekileyo uba amaxabiso free. Elo lixabiso ebekwe akanguye umvelisi, nangoncedo kunye ratio nemfuno.

Iimpawu ze market ukhuphiswano ofezekileyo

Ukuba ugwebe ityala le meko kwimarike ethile unako, akuba bafunda iimpawu okuluphawu inkqubo yokhuphiswano free:

1. abathengisi ezininzi (kunye nabathengi) iindidi ezifanayo iimveliso (okanye umdla umsebenzisi) kwaye bayalingana amalungelo abo.
2. Akukho imiqobo leyo enokuthintela engxoxweni ukungena imarike.
3. Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwezorhwebo bayafikelela kulwazi ngokupheleleyo malunga mveliso.
4. impahla ezazithengiswa ezi yohlobo olunye kunye ziyahluleka.
5. Ukungabikho ithuba kusetyenziswa iindlela ezingezizo noqoqosho azinampembelelo inxalenye iqela omnye komnye.
6. imiba zemveliso luphawulwa ukuhamba.
7. amaxabiso Free.
8. Akukho yedwa (omnye umthengisi), monopsony (single umthengi) kunye nempembelelo karhulumente malunga nokumiselwa namaxabiso kunye nonikezelo kunye kwemfuneko.

Ukungabikho namnye ezi mpawu abakwazi ukuthetha ngalo ukhuphiswano mahala (kulo mzekelo, oko abangafezekanga). iimpawu nokususwa Ngaloo ngabom ukwenzela ukwakha bodwa kukhokelela abakhuphisana.

Ukhuphiswano ogqibeleleyo ilungile kuqoqosho

mechanism ezamahala ukhuphiswano ikuvumela ukuba ukudala iimeko zeemarike ezizodwa kuzuza abavelisi kunye nabasebenzisi bezo mveliso:

• Ngoko ke akukho mfihlakalo ukuba ezinye izigqibo lomntu othile okanye umbutho kakhulu ezinokuchaphazela ukuphunyezwa kweenjongo ezinqwenelekayo. Ubuhle bokuba kukho ukhuphiswano emarikeni uba izisombululo depersonalization yeengxaki kwezoqoqosho, njengoko kungekho ukubandakanyeka lobuqu yomqeshi okanye igosa likarhulumente a. Noko ke, imiqobo nganto ukuba amabango ukusuka umdlalo nakumandla eemarike kukhuphiswano apho kuvela.
• iimeko ezamahala ukhuphiswano zilawule inkululeko mda yokuzikhethela. Ifumaneka kwi nayiphi na inxaxheba kwimarike ithuba lokukhetha ngokukhululekileyo kummandla ekunene zasemsebenzini, ukuze baphumeze procurement, ukuba aqhube ishishini. Uthintelo ingasebenza ngaphandle iqondo italente, kwakunye noko entrepreneur uyakwazi ukuqokelela ikomkhulu kuyimfuneko.
• Inzuzo ephambili kukhuphiswano qwa kuthathwa ukuyilwa kweemeko lwabavelisi kunye nabathengi, xa omabini sele benawo ukuba abe winner.
  Imiba kungena ukusebenza ngenxa elungelelanisayo nezidingo kunye ukuyilwa amaxabiso kuvuselele. Ichaza umgangatho kwamaxabiso, nto leyo inoxanduva le eluncedo litheni yempahla kumthengi, elungelelene kwinqanaba iindleko zemveliso.
• nge market ukhuphiswano ezamahala nga ngokuba komlawuli yemveliso ekuhlaleni, ekubeni yenziwa ifumaneke nge inani lemisebenzi eziluhlobo oluthile kwezoqoqosho. Liqinisekisa ubukho imiqathango ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo uphuhliso lwenzululwazi nobugcisa, ezisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa imveliso entsha (ukuqaliswa iindlela ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe, uphuhliso ubuchule ngcono ukuze umbutho kunye nokulawulwa kwenkqubo yemveliso). Abathathi-nxaxheba of ubudlelwane imarike kufuneka nolu ziqhelane iimfuno ezintsha ze umgangatho, inkangeleko kunye neendleko.
• Injongo yale nkqubo yorhwebo uba imfuno zabantu ekugqibeleni. Ngenxa oku, lonke uqoqosho swi abathengi kunye neemfuno zabo (apho zibonakaliswa bafuneka).
• Imarike apho kukhuphiswano ofezekileyo (free, ezicocekileyo), luphawulwa ulwabiwo ngokupheleleyo kwemithombo kuphela: ukusebenzisa kwabo apho oku kunokwenziwa kakhulu ngempumelelo.

Indima karhulumente nobudlelwane kwimarike

Ngokutsho abanoqoqosho abaninzi bayavuma ukuba isakhiwo imarike akanako ukunika iimfuno zawo onke amalungu oluntu, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba kuqaliswe omnye iziko unako ukumelana nalo msebenzi. Le misebenzi kucingelwa ngurhulumente. Ukuze kuvuselele kwi urhulumente uthatha amanyathelo kwimarike ethile elawula ubudlelwane emarikeni kunye nokhuphiswano ngokunjalo. Isenzo iphambili esemthethweni uMthetho Federal "Kwi Ukukhuselwa Competition", amalungiselelo alo ijolise ikakhulu ekudaleni imiqobo ukuyilwa bodwa.

Nezingeloncedo nemiba nokhuphiswano

Xa uluhlu iingxaki eziphambili wendalo yezentlalo noqoqosho, leyo ukuba kusonjululwe emarikeni, singakwazi uluhlu oku kulandelayo:

• Ukungabi nako ukunika uqoqosho kunye mali eyaneleyo. Ngoko ke, urhulumente liququzelela ejikeleza ayimali kweli lizwe.
• Ukunqongophala ithuba ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno ezithile eluntwini. ukhuphiswano ezikhululekileyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo encedisa ibinzana kwemfuno yentlawulo ngamnye, nangona kunjalo, kufuneka athathe ingqalelo ezinye (iindlela, amadami, izithuthi zikawonke-wonke kunye nezinye iimpahla ilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa ekwabelwana).
• Asinto inkqubo bhetyebhetye distribution imali ngokwaneleyo. Isixhobo market ebona nje naluphi na uhlobo ingeniso efunyenwe kwi kumzabalazo kukhuphiswano. Nangona kunjalo, oko akuthethi ithathele ingqalelo amaqela asekuhlaleni afana abakhubazekileyo, abadla, abemi amahlwempu kunye nabakhubazekileyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukungenelela kukarhulumente kunye nokunikezelwa kwengeniso iye yaba yimfuneko.

Ngaphezu koko, ukusebenza kwimarike ukhuphiswano egqibeleleyo ayibandakanyi intlonipho izibonelelo non-yokwandisa nenkxalabo ngenxa ukhuseleko lwabo. Ukunqanda luya kunye nokusetyenziswa bangazinzi kwamahlathi, izimbiwa oovimba kunye nezibonelelo zolwandle, kwakunye ukuthintela ukutshatyalaliswa kweentlobo ezithile zezilwanyana nezityalo, urhulumente onyanzelwayo ukuba ukwazisa imimiselo engqongqo kunye nemithetho. Federal uMthetho "Kwi Ukukhuselwa Competition" yinto ebalulekileyo, kodwa hayi kuphela, njengoko emarikeni - ukuba kakhulu isakhiwo entsonkothileyo, nemimiselo yayo kufuna ingqalelo izinto ezininzi.