Ngomhla okanye Ukraine: ukubhala ngayo kwaye uthethe ngayo imigaqo yolwimi Russian?

Ngolwimi mihla Russian, kukho imiba emininzi zinokuphikiswa. Phakathi kwabo, umbuzo ngayo ukubhala, "i Ukraine" yaye "Ukraine". Ngokunxulumene ekuqaleni ngo-2014 ungquzulwano phakathi Ukraine kunye Russian Federation ukuba ngokukhutheleyo sifunisela imigaqo omabini la mazwe. Noko ke, ukuba abstract zonke kuyo kwaye zijoliswe kule Ezolimi, yintoni na ukusetyenziswa efanelekileyo isimelabizo? Kodwa nantsi eyona nyaniso.

Ingaba igrama ixhomekeke kwi-nkqubo?

Kwakungayi nizibethe izifuba zazo abaphengululi zeelwimi ukuphikisana malunga namalungelo olwimi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba imeko yezopolitiko, kuyabonakala ukuba akukho.

Into yokuba ulwimi ofileyo izinzile kuphela. Live ke esoloko itshintsha, baseLon- zenkcubeko, elezobugcisa kunye nezopolitiko izinto ezintsha. Ngenxa ulwimi - isikakhulu isixhobo sonxibelelwano. Ngoko ke, kufuneka ube kahle kangangoko kunokwenzeka le njongo yaye bathungelane kunye noluntu uthi, kungenjalo uya kutshabalala.

Kulo mba, umbuzo ngamnye iilwimi impikiswano kufuneka ingqalelo ngokunxulumene imeko ekhokelele kokuhluma yayo.

Zeziphi pretexts ezisetyenziswa chroniclers yamandulo

Phambi kokuba uhlawule ingqalelo lo mbuzo: "Indlela ukupela igama elithi" Ukraine "okanye" Ukraine "," kufuneka ngokufutshane ukukhumbula kwimbali yeli lizwe.

Ngoko ke, emva kokuwa Kievan Rus 'amazwe ziye zohlulwa phakathi kwabo nazo izilawuli angabamelwane. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba intloko yomntu ngamnye kubo afuna ukugxininisa ukuba nguye yindlalifa uRhulumente, ukongeza isimaphambili title yakhe "Yonke Russia".

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo mmandla waba Grand Duchy kakhulu ezinamandla Lithuania, i-Grand Duchy eMoscow ubukumkani Poland. Ngenkuthalo balwa bodwa ngenxa intsimi simahla, nto leyo eye yaba uhlobo isidambisi phakathi kwabo kunye nesimo kwabantu amadlelo.

Ngelo xesha, kweli lizwe (ukubayinxalenye kummandla namhlanje Ukraine) Abantu babehlala kunye nenkcubeko yabo kunye nolwimi, ngubani ndikwazile ukugcina zonke kuyo.

Ngenxa yeentshaba rhoqo, imida ezihlala ziguquka. Ilizwe olingqongileyo waba eyaziwa ngokuba ilizwe ingxabano - "ngaphandle", yaye baqalisa ukusebenzisa isimelabizo "kwi". Le mizekelo sokuqala sale yokubhala, kukho sele Compostela-Volyn kunye Lviv yeziKronike.

Ngexesha izama Bogdana Hmelnitskogo uzakhela geqe kwi amaxwebhu asemthethweni malunga Ukraine, waqhubeka isithethe wooyise, ngokusebenzisa isimelabizo "kwi".

Ngemihla yoBukhosi Russian

Emva Khmelnitsky asayina isivumelwano kudityaniswa lwaxhomekeka ilizwe lakhe ubukumkani eMoscow ngo-1654, Ukraine kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela ngayo wahlala yinxalenye karhulumente kunye nabo balandelayo kuyo (i-Russian uBukhosi, eSoviet Union). uxolo yasetyenziswa njani na ke?

Emva impangele ingaguqulwa njani na ibe ubukhosi, ngokuphathelele Cossack uhulumeni igosa wabhekisela elithi "Little Russia." Kulo mzekelo, igama elithi "Ukraine" liye laqhubeka bancedisane kusetyenziswa kwintetho. Ngelo xesha kukho isiko yokubhala "e Ukraine", nto leyo eye Bahlala ngempumelelo ne ngobuwena "eUkraine."

Ndandicinga ngale ukusetyenziswa kwezalathandawo A. S. Pushkin?

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba izithethe mihla zoncwadi zolwimi Russian yayisekelwe imisebenzi A. S. Pushkina. Hayi indlela amakhulu odidi beengcinga mbuzo: "Indlela abhale athi:" Ukraine "okanye" Ukraine "?".

Isimanga, kodwa isebenza khetho yinto eqhelekileyo yesibini. ukubhala inokufumaneka kulo mbongo "Poltava", kwaye kwinoveli "Eugene Onegin" umbongo.

Kwakutheni ukuze Alexander ngqo nale mbono? Impendulo elula. Njengoninzi Amanene xesha, Pushkin uthethe kakhulu ngcono isiFrentshi, kunokuba kweyabo. Kwaye isimelabizo "kwi" kwindawo ayizange isetyenziswe kuyo. Kunoko, phantse wayesoloko esebenzisa "ukhetho kwi» (en). Ngoko ke, babeqhele ukususela ebuntwaneni ukucinga nokuthetha en Russie, en France, ukubhala umbongo Ukraine, Alexander wasebenzisa efanayo en Ukraine.

Hi ndlela leyi, ngenxa yesizathu esinye, ngaloo minyaka, iingangamsha emininzi, lo mbuzo: "njani ukuthetha?" Ku "okanye" e Ukraine "," impendulo eyinyaniso ukuya yesibini ukhetho. Ngoko ke, ngemisebenzi N. V. Gogolya, L. N. Tolstogo kunye A. P. chehova wasebenzisa ukhetho kunye 'c'.

Zeziphi pretexts kusetyenziswa T. G. Shevchenko and P. A. Kulish?

Modern Ukrainian norm ulwimi isekelwe phezu imisebenzi T. G. Shevchenko. Yintoni wacinga ngalo mbuzo: "." "? Indlela ukuthetha kakuhle" On "okanye" e Ukraine Impendulo kule ingafumaneka kumbongo wakhe emangalisayo.

Kwaye ke bamfumana. Ngoko kulo mbongo "Zapovіt" wasebenzisa ibinzana elithi "Kwi Vkraїnі milіy". Kulo mzekelo, ngomsebenzi wakhe "Dumi moї, Dumi moї" kubhaliwe kwathiwa: "Xa іdіt up Ukraine, dіti! phezulu yethu Ukraine. "

Phi Shevchenko wathabatha isiko ukubhala "e Ukraine"? Kodwa umhlobo wakhe lwala maxesha kunye close - Panteleymon Aleksandrovich Kulish, owadala oonobumba Ukrainian, xa inoveli yakhe The Cossacks "Chernaya rada", wabhala 'Ukraine "? Kwaye kutheni Kobzar wasebenzisa zombini izaba?

Impendulo yalo mbuzo, njengoko kwimeko Pushkin, kufuneka kucelwa ekubunjweni ababhali zombini. Ngoko ke, Kulish wafunda nje imbali Ukraine, kodwa ibe yeelwimi, bethetha kakuhle phantse zonke iilwimi Slavic kwakunye IsiNgesi, French, isiJamani, Spanish, IsiSwedish, kunye Latin Staroevreyska. ulwazi olunjalo ebanzi yamnceda khetha isimelabizo "ukuba" ukusetyenziswa kwayo nje kuphela ngokwemigaqo yegrama, kodwa ngenxa yokuba rhoqo kwi yemihla.

Kodwa Kobzar omkhulu nako kuqhayisa zemfundo ezizodwa. Ukususela kwasebuntwaneni wayesazi ulwimi Ukrainian, ngokokuze imfuneko kamva ukuba afunde Russian kunye Polish. Yokungabi nolwazi olunzulu ngolo lwimi negrama lwabo Kulish, Shevchenko xa iivesi ukubhala nje sebenzisa ukhetho oko kumlungele ngakumbi ukuba imvano-siphelo, ngaphandle ndicinga ngayo ngokuchanekileyo. Njani na ke ukwazi zingaphi yemisebenzi yakhe iya kuthetha ukuba Ukraine eminyaka elizayo?

Zini eyasetyenziswa kwi UPR

Emva revolution ka-1917, kwixesha leminyaka emithathu ye-Ukrainian Peoples Republic (1917-1920.), Uninzi amaxwebhu asemthethweni ngokunxulumene igama lizwe elisandula ukuyilwa ukusebenzisa isimelabizo "kwi".

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, xa Ukraine yaba yinxalenye ye-USSR, kunye nabameli ezininzi elite zenkcubeko nezopolitiko kwanyanzeleka ukuba thutha ezininzi amaxwebhu ayo basoloko ezibhalwe' Ukraine. "

Indlela yiSoviet yokusombulula lo mba

Ke ukuba upelo esemthethweni waseUSSR, ngoko kwagqitywa ukusebenzisa isimelabizo "kwi". Ngendlela, ukuba argument basebenzisa namhlanje, ochaza isizathu sokuba nelungelo "Ukraine", hayi "e Ukraine."

Kulo mzekelo, ukhetho loo wayesele ngaphandle imithetho ukusetyenziswa kwezalathandawo. Ngoko xa kuthelelkiswa namanye amazwe asinto uhlobo siqithi, kwakunye republic eSoviet wasebenzisa isimelabizo "kwi". Ngokomzekelo, eKhanada, ku Kazakhstan.

"Ngo Ukraine" okanye "Ukraine": indlela, ngokungqinelana nemigangatho ka upelo mihla Ukrainian

Emva Ukraine yafumana inkululeko, iindawo ezininzi sahlaziywa ngo-1991, kubandakanywa igrama. Kuye kwagqitywa ukusebenzisa ngokunxulumene kwilizwe elitsha isimelabizo "kwi". Nokubhala kwi "kwi" waqonda iphelelwe lixesha.

Ngo-1993, urhulumente wase Ukrainian ngokusesikweni wabuza iinkokeli Russian ukusebenzisa ngokunxulumene igama isalathandawo labo karhulumente "kwi". Ngenxa yokuba ukwenza njalo ekubhaleni kwamanye amazwe azimeleyo.

Phakathi kwiimpikiswano ke ukuba xa Ukraine yaba yinxalenye yiSoviet Union, ngokunxulumene kulo, njengoko ummandla, kwaba eyamkelekileyo ukusebenzisa ukhetho "on", kanye "eCaucasus." Noko ke, ukuba ngurhulumente eyahlukileyo elinobunganga nemida ezichazwe ngokucacileyo, eli lizwe ukufumana ilungelo ukubhala, ngokulandelelana, kunye 'c'.

Indlela "e Ukraine" yaye "Ukraine" yimithetho ulwimi Russian

Ukuphendula, isibheno urhulumente Ukrainian ukuba uninzi amaxwebhu Russian ezisemthethweni waqalisa ukusetyenziswa isimelabizo "kwi".

Kwakhona, ngokutsho umviwa of Sciences philological M. Grunchenko (uphando senior nathi Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Russian Language. VV Vinogradov Academy of Sciences), amaxwebhu ngokuphathelele ulwalamano kunye norhulumente Ukrainian, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukubhala 'c'. Kulo mzekelo, izithethe zoncwadi zolwimi Russian yi style esemthethweni iyaqhubeka ukhetho "on."

Impendulo efanayo umbuzo othi: "Indlela abhale athi:" kwi "okanye" eUkraine, "" inokufumaneka kwi upelo esemthethweni.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba Ukraine ayikho kuphela uhlanga siqithi ezizimeleyo ehlabathini, ngokunxulumene apho ulwimi Russian kusetyenziswa isimelabizo "on" hayi "kwi".

Kufuneka Makukhunjulwe ukuba ukhetho olunjalo namhlanje - yinto ngokomlinganiso nje ngokwesithethe. Ukuba ndiya kusilondoloza? impikiswano, ingakumbi namhlanje, ekukhanyeni kwembambano Russian-Ukrainian, xa Ukraine ziyifumanisa ukusetyenziswa isimelabizo "kwi" nje ukuphazamisa kulongamo karhulumente.

Indlela 'ukuya'

Kokuba kusetyenzwe ngendlela efanelekileyo "kwi" okanye "e Ukraine" Kubalulekile ukubhala ngayo, lixesha lokuba bafunde indlela 'ukukhwela "kweli lizwe (ukususela kwinqanaba umbono igrama).

Ngoko, kwi isithethe yiSoviet ukuba umboniso lixesha kunye isimelabizo "kwi", ngenxa yokuba ilizwe yaba yinxalenye ye-USSR. Abo namhlanje kuqhubeka ukusebenzisa olu khetho, yiya "eUkraine."

Noko ke, amaxwebhu asemthethweni ngokuphathelele kubudlelwane kunye elo lizwe, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa isimelabizo "kwi". Umzekelo: "Umongameli US waya Ukraine ukutyelela ngokusemthethweni." Kulo mzekelo, xa sithetha ngalo meko mmandla, kuyimfuneko ukuba isimelabizo "kwi": "Ubizo kuluntu i-Red Cross waya kummandla Ukraine."

Ukucinga ngendlela ukuya "kwi" okanye "e Ukraine", kufuneka ukhangele umongo. Ukuba sithethe ngayo kweli lizwe de Agasti 1991, xa lazimela, singakwazi ngokukhuselekileyo ukusebenzisa i "kwi". Ngaphambi kwelo xesha, urhulumente akazange khona, kwaye endaweni yayo yaba USSR - kwiriphabliki, ukuba abe yinxalenye lizwe wasebenzisa isimelabizo "kwi".

Yiza "ukuba" okanye "ukusuka Ukraine": indlela

Ekubeni kusetyenzwe ukubhala ngendlela echanelekileyo, "i Ukraine" yaye "Ukraine", kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo ukusetyenziswa kwezinye, eqamba "impikiswano". Ngoko ke, xa ethetha ngendoda ababevela kummandla waseUSSR, ngokungqinelana nemigaqo eSoviet upelo, wayesoloko esebenzisa isimelabizo "kunye."

Kodwa namhlanje, xa umbuzo indlela "kwi" okanye "e Ukraine" ngokuya wabonakala Ezolimi, kufuneka ukuba ziqwalaselwe kunye iinketho zokusetyenziswa isimelabizo 'ukuya' yaye 'ukusuka'.

Ngoko ke, ukuba sithethe ze ubhale ngayo kurhulumente mihla Ukrainian, ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo isimelabizo "ka", njengoko kwamanye amazwe babumbe udidi siqithi. Umzekelo: "Umama wam nje kutshanje sibuya Ukraine."

Xa sithetha i-USSR okanye ixesha Ukraine, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthetha nokubhala 'c'. Umzekelo: "Le imvumi Soviet enkulu zolinganiso Mark Bernes wazalelwa eUkraine."

Noko ke, abo abafuni ukujongana zonke ezi ubuqili zembali, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ngenye ingqiqo kusetyenziswa ezi zihlomelo "on" yaye "off", and ngokufanelekileyo - ". Phandle" "in" kanye Ngoko ke, umntu ohlala 'e Ukraine "- livela" ukususela Ukraine. " Ke kaloku abo ke 'e Ukraine "- livela" ukususela Ukraine. "

Ukufunda "kwi" okanye "e Ukraine" kufuneka libhalwe (ngokungqinelana nemithetho yegrama mihla Russian kwaye Ukrainian), sinokuqonda ukuba phantse 100 iminyaka, umba kwezepolitiki kunokuba uhlobo olumnandi. Nangona isiko yokubhala "e Ukraine" - iqhekeza imbali, nto leyo kusoloko kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbula imeko yangoku yezopolitiko kufuna ukuba sisingxengxezo yaguquka. Noko ke, lowo kufuneka kwenziwe ePoland, i-Czech Republic iSlovakia, nazo ezisetyenziswa yi isimelabizo 'ukuya' ngokunxulumene Ukraine.