Ngokuguqula imizila - ikhodi ephosakeleyo

Ulwazi ujiko zonke kwiiproteni omzimba ochaziweyo DNA zeselula. 4 Kuphela iintlobo iziseko acid - kunye nendibaniselwano enyakazela asidi acid. Nature nakekela ukuba yonke intsilelo wayengekho ezibalulekileyo kwaye wenza ikhowudi yezofuzo zingasebenzi. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ukufiphala nangoku okwesinambuzane sonke. Ibizwa ngokuba kuguquka. Le isiphazamiso nokurekhodwa ikhowudi DNA.

Iluncedo - ezinqabileyo

Inkoliso yezi igqwethwe (kwama-99%) ezi negative umzimba, iyenza ingcamango obangwe izinto zazivelela. nguyena ekhulwini omnye akakho nako ukunika ingenelo, kuba akukho zonke izinto eziphilayo mutated unika inzala. Ngapha koko, ngaba asiyiyo yonke into uhlobo ilungelo ukuzala. I-guquko kwenzeka qho ngaphezulu iiseli iinkunzi - yaye yaziwa into eyindoda ukuba ngokwendalo kungenzeka ukuba sife ngaphandle abantwana.

ukusola abafazi

Noko ke, abantu - umnyinyiva. uhlobo kwethu inkqubo ziye luqala ukuziphatha Ukungakhathali nabasetyhini. Ukutshaya, utywala, iziyobisi, izifo ezidluliselwa ngeentlobano zesini - kunye nonikezelo esingekhoyo amaqanda ekucaca ukuba nefuthe elibi yabantwana yasekuqaleni. Ukuba abantu ithamo ekhuselekileyo utywala ukho, abafazi, nkqu iglasi encinane kunokubangela sanctions ukubunjwa eyiyo amaqanda. Nangona amabhinqa aseYurophu inkululeko arabki nizile - uze uzale abantwana esempilweni.

lubhalwe ngokungachanekanga

Ngokuguqula imizila - yinto inguqu esisigxina kwi DNA. Oku kusenokuquka indawo encinane okanye ibhloko kwi chromosome. Kodwa uphazamiseko encinci ngokutshintsha ikhowudi ye DNA, ebangela kakhulu nokulungelelanisa nezinye ii-asidi acid - Ngoko ke, zonke kwiproteni ekhowudiweyo ngulo sayithi neza kukhubazeka.

iintlobo ezintathu

Ngokuguqula imizila - ephula enye iintlobo - mhlawumbi ilifa okanye ukuguquka de Novo, wezakhi wengingqi. Kwimeko yokuqala, oku sifo zamafa. Lwesibini - ukugxojwa kwinqanaba madlozi okanye iqanda iiseli, kwakunye ngenxa sesichengeni kwiingozi emva kokukhulelwa. Iingozi - kuba imikhwa kuphela ezimbi, kodwa iimeko engentle yokusingqongileyo (kuquka radiation). De Novo guquko - oko kukwaphula zonke iiseli zomzimba, njengoko kuvela ivela kumthombo engaqhelekanga. Kwimeko wesithathu, wengingqi, okanye ukuguquka somatic awufumaneki kusekwangoko kwaye kuchaphazela zonke iiseli zomzimba, kunye amathuba aphezulu akulungile wadlulisela kwinzala, ngokungafaniyo uhlobo Ukuphazamiseka yokuqala neyesibini.

Ukuba iingxaki kwenzeka nisaqala yokukhulelwa, kukho ukwaphulwa kaMosisi. Kulo mzekelo, inxalenye iiseli liyachatshazelwa sifo, yaye ezinye - hayi. Kulo mzekelo, amathuba ephakamileyo ukuba umntwana uzelwe engasaphili. Uninzi izifo genetic azinayo ukubona, kuba kulo mzekelo, ngokufuthi kukho kwezisu. Umama wayedla ayilikhankanyi qaphela ukukhulelwa, ikhangeleka ngathi kukho ixesha abalibala. Ukuba kuguquka akuyongozi kokuhlambeleyo, ibizwa ngokuba polymorphism. Nantso into naluphi na uhlobo lwegazi kunye nombala iris. Nangona kunjalo, lo polymorphism kunokwandisa umngcipheko izifo ezithile.