Ngokoqobo in ukupeyinta. ngeengcinga ezingundoqo

Igama elithi "ngokoqobo" ngokoqobo lithetha "esebenzayo", "yokwenene". Kwimizobo, oku nangengqwalasela enkulu, ekuya abonisa ubunyani kunye nokusetyenziswa izixhobo ezithile.

Ngokwembali, intsingiselo obubambekayo "ngokoqobo" kuthetha ukuba ubugcisa noncwadi, oluthi luqokelelane kwinkulungwane elinesibhozo. ngokuchuma nabo bonke-ngeenxa zonke zophuhliso kule ndawo ezifikelelwayo ngenkulungwane ye-19. Ngeli xesha, kwaba kakhulu ngokucacileyo ngokoqobo kakhulu ku titoloveta. Direction yaphuhliswa ngokusebenzisana okanye nzima nezinye nemisinga zobugcisa zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini.

Ngokoqobo xa ukupeyinta ngenkulungwane ye-19 iphawulwa inkqubo ethile ubugcisa, leyo kuthiwa sigwetyelwe nje indlela nezamkelekileyo abazi.

E France, oku xa wetu enxulumene kakhulu igama Courbet. Imfuneko engundoqo ngokoqobo ngelo xesha isibheno leyinene owayephila kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo obubonakala, ukuzoba on an isayensi ngqo. Abameli zobuchule obusetyenziswa ecacileyo ngqo yangoku, zokubatshintsha into ubuchule "engacacanga zakhiwe 'yothando. Kubaluleke kakhulu kwicala kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo imvukelo ngo-1848, kususa wenkohliso nabameli nezazi French.

ERashiya, ngokoqobo kwi kumzobo kwisiqingatha sesibini ngenkulungwane ye-19, kuhlangene kunye nophuhliso iingcamango lwentlalo wedemokhrasi. Oku wazibonakalisa ukufunda kufutshane indalo, a uvelwano olunzulu bayahlelwa kunye nobomi babantu idityaniswe isiqalekiso lwesakhiwo ezikhoyo karhulumente.

Eyesithathu yokugqibela yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba yabalasela ukuyilwa zeqela ngabelusi. Phakathi kwabo Kramskoy, Perov, Shishkin, Repin, Savrasov, Surikov kunye nabanye. Enkosi kubo, ngokoqobo kwi kumzobo yaqinisa indawo yayo, siwubona zembali kunye uhlobo ukupeyinta, ubume kunye eni.

isiko yangoku ngokukhethekileyo esekwe eRashiya ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Oku kubonakala umsebenzi Korovin, Serov, ivanov kunye nabanye. Emva revolution, oko ngenxa yezi amasiko baqala ukuphuhlisa ngokoqobo yali ku titoloveta. Esi sixhobo creative yaba ngumfanekiso abazi ubuhle le mbono yezentlalo umntu ehlabathini. Le mbono, ngenye indlela, ebangela ixesha lomzabalazo lokuqulunqa nokomelezwa uluntu olutsha.

Ngokoqobo kwi peyinta baba kwicala yobugcisa ephambili USSR. Eyona njongo yalo nentsingiselo kaloku isihlokomiso somthetho ukumelwa othembekileyo eyenzekayo kuphuhliso yayo yotshintsho olululo.

A ingqiqo ukubekeka laliqulunqwe yi Gorky ngo-1934, xa Writers 'Congress. Wathi ngokoqobo e ukupeyinta, uncwadi kunye nobugcisa jikelele ilungiselelwe ukuvuma ukuba nje amanyathelo. Ngenxa indlela enobuchule, unawo umsebenzi phambili uphuhliso izakhono ezininzi ezixabisekileyo yabantu, sibonga ngalo kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba lizuze amandla endalo ngenxa impilo nokuhlala koluntu kunye nolonwabo enkulu kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Ngenxa yoko, ngokoqobo in ukupeyinta, kunye nezinye iindlela zobugcisa sobhedu uhlobo olutsha lokuqonda ngobuchule.