Imbali Maxesha lenqaba

Inkqubo yanamhlanje maxesha uneminyaka kancinane ngaphezu kwamawaka amabini emva kokuzalwa kukaYesu Kristu kwaye ambalwa eminyaka ilikhulu phambi kwesi siganeko. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokufika kwexesha lamaKristu, iintlanga ezahlukeneyo babe iindlela zabo yokulinganisa ixesha. izizwe Slavic - akukho ngaphandle. Kudala ngaphambi ubuKristu baba ikhalenda zabo.

Imvelaphi yegama elithi "ekhalendeni"

Ngokutsho nenguqulelo esemthethweni, igama elithi "yekhalenda" livela kwisiLatini. ERoma yamandulo, inzala ityala ihlawulwe ekuqaleni kwenyanga nganye, kwaye idata phezu kwazo nâzo encwadini ityala calendarium esihloko sithi. Kamva, ivela isihloko sencwadi, kwakukho igama elithi "yekhalenda", weza nokuxubana kubuKristu.

Ezinye izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba eli gama livela ibinzana elithi "Kolyadin Dar" (isipho kweKrismesi carols), nto leyo wabhekisela maxesha. Abaphandi imvelaphi lenqaba bakholelwa ukuba kunokwenzeka. Abanye babo bakholelwa ukuba amaRoma waboleka elithi "yekhalenda" ye nokuxubana, kwaye awunakho ukwenza ngolunye uhlobo. Ngumgwebi ngokwakho: ukuguqulelwa calendarium elithi, kwakunye ingcaciso nendlela ezinxulumene amatyala kunye neencwadi - akukho. Ngapha koko, ityala Latin - debitum, kunye nencwadi - libellus.

Ubalo lwe sokuzalwa

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ixesha lethu ukususela ekuzalweni kukaKristu ngaphezu kweminyaka 2000. Noko ke, isithethe ukususela kunyaka count isetyenziswa malunga neminyaka eliwaka, ngenxa yokuba nkqu kunye ukuqondwa ubuKristu unqulo esemthethweni uBukhosi baseRoma, unyaka laqhubeka kulinganiswa ukusuka imihla yehlabathi ebalulekileyo. Kuba Roma - kwaba ngumnyaka ekusekweni eRoma, ngokuba amaYuda - umnyaka kokutshatyalaliswa kweYerusalem, kuba nokuxubana - umnyaka Creation endlwini Star.

Kodwa xa seal waseRoma anoDiyonisiyo, ukwenza itheyibhile Ista, bofanelana bephinyelene phakathi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo maxesha. Wandula ke wangena kunye nenkqubo jikelele, isiqalo eziza kuba unyaka wokuzalwa kukaKristu. AnoDiyonisiyo ebalwe nosuku lo mcimbi kwaye uqhubeka ukusebenzisa ikhalenda, ebizwa ngokuba 'ukuzalwa kukaKristu. "

Nokwanda kwale nkqubo sele kwiminyaka 200 ngenxa seal Bede i zihlaba, ukulusebenzisa kumsebenzi wakhe yembali kwi anglosansonskih izizwe. Ngokusebenzisa le ncwadi, amaNgesi owaziyo kwayeka ikhalenda zamaKristu, yaye emva kokuba enziwe kwaye baseYurophu. Kodwa abasemagunyeni icawa wathabatha omnye iminyaka 200 ukuqalisa ukusebenzisa inkqubo ikhalenda lamaKristu.

Akulula xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba kwexesha amaKristu nokuxubana

Kwi-Russian uBukhosi, apho ngelo xesha kwakukho kumazwe amaninzi lweenkobe-baseMpumalanga Belarus, Poland, Ukraine kunye namanye amazwe, kwinguqu esa kwikhalenda bangamaKristu ngoJanuwari 1 1700 ngenxa yomthetho uPetros I. abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba Tsar uPetros wamthiya ndaza ndazama ukuphelisa yonke Slavic, kuquka ikhalenda, ngoko ke ixesha iye wangena kwinkqubo lamaKristu. Noko ke, mhlawumbi, ukuba ukumkani uzama nje ukubeka ukuze ubalo ubhideke kangaka. inkcaso lenqaba apha ayiqalisanga ukuba adlale indima.

Inyaniso kukuba kunye ukufika ubuKristu ukuze nokuxubana, ababingeleli inxaxheba wazama ukuguqula abahedeni yekhalenda baseRoma. Abantu inkani iyalandelwa ngokufihlakeleyo kwi khalenda endala. Ngoko ke, eRashiya zaziyi-2 kwikhalenda: Roman kunye Slavic.

Noko ke, kungekudala waqalisa encwadini yeembali ukudideka. Emva kokuba chroniclers lesiGrike elisetyenzisiweyo ikhalenda waseRoma, yaye nabafundi yoonongendi of Kievan Rus - kwikhalenda Slavic. Kulo mzekelo, iikhalenda ezimbini ayahluka kulawo eYurophu ubalo lwe anoDiyonisiyo. Ukuze kulungiswe le ngxaki, uPetros ndathi ukunyanzela lonke ulawulo ubukhosi bakhe phezu inkqubo maxesha, imvelaphi yayo elandwa ekuzalweni kukaKristu. Njengokuba amava iye yabonisa, kananjalo wayengafezekanga yaye ngowe-1918 eli lizwe sele iguqulelwe yanamhlanje ikhalenda kaGregorian, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iminyaka iintlantsi.

Imithombo ye ulwazi malunga ikhalenda Slavic

Namhlanje akukho ngedatha ethembekileyo kwi ukukhangela ngayo kwikhalenda Slavic ngenene. Ngoku ethandwayo "Krugolet Chisloboga" ngokutsha ngokusekelwe ulwazi kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo yembali ixesha. Ngexesha kuvuselelwa kwikhalenda Slavic babesebenzisa mithombo ilandelayo:

• East lenqaba ikhalenda iintsomi izithethe. ubungqina obubhaliweyo kulo mhla emva XVII-XVIII eminyaka. Nangona yobudala "abaselula", le khalenda iye igcinwe ulwazi oluninzi malunga kubomi nokuxubana ngemihla ka-Russia yobuhedeni.
• "Menologion" khalenda ecaweni. Xa inkqubo yeyobuKristu Rus Abefundisi basoloko ngexesha lemibhiyozo ebalulekileyo yobuhedeni wabhiyozela zamaKristu. Ukuthelekisa umhla yeeholide "mesyatseslove 'kunye nemihla kwezinye iikhalenda, kwakunye kwimithombo inkolo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukubala ixesha leeholide ebalulekileyo yamandulo.
• Kwinkulungwane XIX kwi kwisiza iintlafuno Vedi e Romania yafunyanwa malunga 400 amacwecwe egolide ngemibhalo, igama kamva "Santa Dacian". Ubudala abathile kubo iminyaka engaphezu kwama-2,000. Esi siphumo kuphela ibonisa ubukho yokubhala nokuxubana yamandulo, kodwa ngumthombo wolwazi malunga ilixa kwimbali yamandulo Slavic.
• Zemihla ngemihla.
• Kwizinto zakudala. Amaninzi, le ngezitya zodongwe mkhuba kunye nomfanekiso yeesimboli wekhalenda. Eyona ulwazi zezi zitsha sodongwe Tchernyakhovskaya Slavic inkcubeko (wenkulungwane III-IV BC. E.).

Ixesha nokuxubana yamandulo

Ngokutsho iinkcukacha eziqulathwe kwi "Santa Dacian", ibali nokuxubana yamandulo inamathuba-14. Lo mcimbi ibalulekileyo, nto leyo yaba kwindawo yokuqala ukuba khalenda ukuhlangabezana yelanga kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezimbini-langa, eshiya abantu nje ezintathu babebukele ilanga esibhakabhakeni. Eli xesha ngokuba "Ixesha of the sezigidi ezintathu" kwaye yomhla we-604 387 ngonyaka th (xa kuthelekiswa 2016 mu).

• 460 531st kwafika njengabaphambukeli eMisaveni kwi umlaza Ursa Minor. Babebizwa da'ariytsami, yaye eli xesha ngokuba "Izipho Ixesha".
• Le th 273.910 Emhlabeni kwakhona kufika njengabaphambukeli, kodwa eli xesha umlaza Orion. Amagama abo h'ariytsami, yaye emva kwabo ixesha uthatythwa njengo "ixesha h'Arra".
• 211 699th kwenzeka emva kotyelelo ngabantu komhlaba, xa kwaqalisa "Ixesha SMAD."
• 185 779th waqala ukunyuka ka kwesinye sezixeko ezine ezinkulu Da'Arias lizwekazi - Tula. Esi sixeko idume iingcibi abanezakhono kunye malunga nama-20 000 yachuma. Eli thuba ixesha ngokuba "Tula Time".
• Intombi 165.043 wasekwayo Perun - uthixokazi Slavic Tara lizise eninzi imbewu kamva wakhula hlathi ezininzi - ". Ngexesha bakaTara" ngoko waqalisa
• Le th 153.349 kwabakho imfazwe grand phakathi kokukhanya nobumnyama. Ngenxa yoko, omnye Hewana planethi Phaeton Lyutitsa yatshatyalaliswa, yaye steel ring njengeliso eliphandliweyo yayo izijikelezi - ". Assa Dei" i elithile elizibalula ngeziganeko
• Abantu 143.003 th usebenzisa ukuhambela phambili inzululwazi tsala kwenye iplanethi, yisathelayithi, kunye bomhlaba, ngelo xesha sele Hewana amabini, waba ezintathu. Imbeko esi siganeko sibalulekileyo kwixesha omtsha obizwa "ixesha nasekuthwaseni kwenyanga ezintathu."
• Ngowe-111 819th omnye nawokuthwasa kwenyanga ezintathu zatshatyalaliswa namaqhekeza ayo Wawa Emhlabeni, sendela Da'Arias kwilizwekazi yamandulo. Nangona kunjalo, abemi balo basinde - ixesha le "Mkhulu Imfuduko of Da'Arias".
• 106 791st kwi Irtysh River yasekwa isixeko Erie Ngoothixo Asgard, kwaye inkqubo entsha maxesha lwenziwa ibisekwe phezu nyaka.
• I-44 560-m yonke ukuzalwa Slavic-Aryan beza kunye ukuhlala kunye kwintsimi enye. Ukususela ngoko kwaqalisa ixesha le "Creation of the Great Kolo Russenia".
• I-40 017-m on Earth wafika Perun yaye kwabelwane ngazo ababingeleli lolwazi, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba kukho uvale enkulu phambili kuphuhliso zobugcisa yoluntu. Ngaloo ndlela kwaqalisa ixesha le "Ukufika Third Wightman Perun".
• I-13 021-m yatshatyalaliswa omnye yisathelayithi Umhlaba kunye namaqhekeza ayo wawa emhlabeni, nempembelelo esqwini ukuthambekela. Ngenxa yoko, amazwekazi ukwahlula waza waqalisa icing, kuthiwa Ixesha "snap Enkulu lokulayita" (kuphole). Hi ndlela leyi, ixesha elimisiweyo eli xesha ingqamana lama yokugqibela glacial le Cenozoic kwexesha.

ubuntu Modern ohlala sexesha, ekuqaleni yokubala iminyaka ukususela ekudalweni kwehlabathi kwitempile inkwenkwezi. Ubudala kweminyaka namhlanje yiminyaka engaphezu kwama-7500.

Georgiy Pobedonosets kunye Ixesha Creation endlwini Star

Njengoko usazi, igama elithi "uxolo" liye iintsingiselo ezininzi. Ngenxa yoko, igama zobudala isoloko mayingatolikwa ngexesha lokudalwa iphela. Nangona kunjalo, i "uxolo" lithetha kwakhona ungqinelaniso phakathi amaqela alwayo. Kulo mba, lo gama "Le Creation kwi Star Temple" iphupha eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.

Ngaphambi nje kokuba kunyaka wokuqala yabalasela "ukususela Creation kwi Star Temple", phakathi kwezizwe Slavic kunye Chinese kwakukho imfazwe apho. Kunye nelahleko enkulu nokuxubana ikwaze, kwaye lasentwasahlobo evuthulukileyo phakathi kwabantu ababini, lwagqitywa uxolo. Ukuze Ukuphawula esi siganeko sibaluleke kangaka, yenza loqalo lwencopho sokuqala kwixesha elitsha. Kamva ngemisebenzi ezininzi zobugcisa, le Usindiso allegorically uchazwa nje knight (nokuxubana) kwaye ulwe nenamba (Chinese).

Lo mlinganiswa yaba zithandwa kangangokuba nokufika ubuKristu, akubanga nako ukutshabalalisa. Ukususela amaxesha Kievan Prince Yaroslava Mudrogo Knight, litshitshiswe inamba, yaziwa ngokusesikweni ngokuba George (uYuri) Owoyisayo. ukubaluleka kwawo nokuxubana kungqinwa yinto yokuba ihlelo Georgiya Pobedonostsa waba aqheleka kakhulu zonke izizwe Slavic. Ukongezelela, ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, naseKiev, kunye eMoscow, kunye nezinye izixeko ezininzi zamandulo Slavic kubonisiwe kwi ngumfuziselo saint. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ibali St George uyathandwa kungekuphela phakathi Orthodox kunye amaKatolika, kodwa Muslims.

Ubume ikhalenda Slavic

revolution ikhalenda lenqaba enye epheleleyo Umhlaba ehlabathini iLanga na unyaka igama, yaye ehlotyeni. It iqulathe amaxesha amathathu: ousen (ekwindla), ebusika nasentlakohlaza. lonyaka nganye kuquka iinyanga ezi-3 iintsuku 40-41 ngamnye. Iveki ngaloo mihla yayiquka eziyi-9, yaye umhla - Iiyure ezi-16. Imizuzu kunye imizuzwana ye nokuxubana babengekho, kodwa yinxalenye share, amathuba, instants, whitefish kunye Santigie. Kunzima ukucinga ukuba yintoni umgangatho iteknoloji ukuba, ukuba igama enjalo ixesha elincinane ixesha apho.

Iminyaka, le nkqubo ayikhange nendandikhuphisana eminyaka kunye iinkulungwane, njengoko kunjalo namhla, kunye nonyaka-144 imijikelo: Iminyaka eli-16 ngosuku ngalunye kwezi namakroza 9 Svarog Circle.

Qho ngonyaka eqhelekileyo ukususela ekudalweni kwehlabathi kwitempile star yayiquka iintsuku ezingama-365. Kodwa ngonyaka omnqakathi 16 ekuthini iintsuku ezininzi kangangoko 369 (nyanga zonke izilingo iintsuku 41).

Unyaka omtsha nokuxubana yamandulo

Mu kuya kwa nshita khalenda mihla apho Unyaka entsha embindini ebusika, ikhalenda Slavic ithathwa ekuqaleni konyaka ukuwa. Nangona lo mba izimvo mbali bengavumelani. Abaphengululi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba uEva original New Year yaba mhla lasentwasahlobo evuthulukileyo, nto leyo yanceda ukuba ulungise kakuhle urhwebo ikhalenda nokuxubana ukususela ekudalweni kwehlabathi kwitempile inkwenkwezi. Nangona kunjalo, kunye ukwamkelwa ubuKristu, ngokwesithethe yaseByzantium, ekuqaleni konyaka omtsha bazama safudukela ngenyanga yokuqala yasentwasahlobo. Ngenxa yoko, ngaxeshanye, akukho kuphela khalenda ezimbini, kodwa izithethe ezimbini ukubhiyozela uNyaka oMtsha ngoMatshi (njengokuba amaRoma) kwaye ngoSeptemba (njengoko eseByzantium kunye nokuxubana).

Iinyanga ye nokuxubana yamandulo

Le khalenda wokuqala kwinyanga ezilithoba ubudala Slavic ekuthiwa Ramhat (ekuqaleni Septemba 20-23), waza walandelwa kwiinyanga zasebusika esigcwele (Oktobha 31 - Novemba 3), Beylet (10-13 Disemba) kunye Geylet (Januwari 20-23).

Iinyanga spring zazibizwa Daylet (Matshi 1-4), Eylet (Aprili 11-14) kunye Veylet (21-24 Meyi). Emva kokuqala ousen eziquka iinyanga Heyleta (1-4 Julayi) kunye Tayleta (10-13 Agasti). Ke kaloku ngenyanga elandelayo ekwindla Ramhat yaba ekuqaleni koNyaka Omtsha.

Nokufika ubuKristu endaweni Roman, Slavic wanikwa igama lenyanga. Ngokusekwa kwe inyanga entsha ikhalenda uPetros I ndabuyela ngamagama Latin. Bahlala ngolwimi mihla Russian, ngoxa abantu emaqandeni liyalondolozwa okanye zibuyiselwa kule amagama njengesiqhelo Slavic kwiinyanga.

Akwaziwa, njengoko bebizwa ukufika ubuKristu nakwiinguqulelo uPetros I Noko ke, kufuneka iinketho ezimbalwa, ngokutsha kubulelwe intsomi abantu beentlanga ezahlukahlukeneyo Slavic.

Week nokuxubana

Umbuzo malunga nenani leentsuku ngeveki ukuya utshintsho uPetros I isahleli ephikisayo unanamhla. Abantu abaninzi bathi ukuba wabo 7 - yiyo igama liyalondolozwa zonke iilwimi Slavic.

Nangona kunjalo, xa ucinga ngayo ngamazwi "Humpbacked seHashe", uba emangalisayo, kokubini apha kwisicatshulwa ka-1834 ekuthethwe usuku lweveki njengoko "osmitsa 'eyandulelayo ngenye imini -". Ngeveki "

Kubonakala ukuba iinkumbulo zeveki-ezisithoba wahlala kwimemori ye-nokuxubana, njalo ekuqaleni yimihla nje 9.

Indlela yokubala unyaka wekhalenda Slavic?

Namhlanje, nokuxubana ezininzi ezama ukubuyela kwizithethe wookhokho babo, kuquka ikhalenda zabo.

Kodwa ihlabathi mihla, ophilileyo ikhalenda zamaKristu, ufuna umntu angakwazi ukuba uzulazule kwesi sakhelo iminyaka reference. Ngoko ke, Ubalo nganye usebenzisa Slavonic (ukususela ekudalweni kwehlabathi), indlela yokuguqulela kolunye ulwimi oku kule minyaka le nkqubo zamaKristu, ndikwazi. Nangona umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kweenkqubo ezimbini maxesha, ukuze kube lula. Kufuneka ukongeza naluphi na usuku lamaKristu zekhalenda 5508 inani (umahluko kwiminyaka phakathi kweenkqubo) kwaye oko kuya kuba lula ukuguqulela i umhla kwikhalenda Slavic. Yintoni unyaka phantsi kwale nkqubo, kufuneka imiselwe le fomyula ilandelayo: 2016 + 5508 = 7525. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba nyaka umiyo iqala kwinyanga yoMqungu, kunye nokuxubana - ngoSeptemba, ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa sokubala online ukuba izibalo yechaneke ngaphezulu.

sele kudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwama-engamakhulu amathathu ukususela ngoko, njengoko abemi yoBukhosi baseRashiya wayeka ukusebenzisa ikhalenda Slavic. Nangona ichanile, namhlanje libali kuphela, kodwa khumbula ukuba kufuneka, kuba ziquka kungekuphela nje ubulumko yiminyanya, kodwa ibe yinxalenye Slavic inkcubeko, leyo, nangona ngokoluvo uPetros mna, hayi nje hayi ngaphantsi yaseYurophu, kodwa ezinye izinto njengabongamileyo kuyo.