Izenzo Human: izenzo ezilungileyo, isenzo sobugorha. Yintoni na isenzo: ubunjalo

Act - isenzo esithile, siqhutywa ihlabathi engaphakathi emntwini, kwakheka ngelo xesha. Izenzo zinokuba ngokuziphatha kakubi. Bona lizimisele phantsi kwempembelelo kukho engaziva enyanzelekile, iinkolelo, imfundo, uthando, intiyo, uvelwano. kukho makroti kuyo yonke indawo. Kukho kwakhona uhlobo isikali apho izenzo zabantu kuvavanywa. Ngokutsho kunokwenzeka ukuba kuqikelela ukuba ingaba oko isenzo uTshawe, oya kundikhonza njengomzekelo izizukulwana zexesha elizayo.

Ngomhla ingqiqo feat yacinga zobulumko zamandulo ngakumbi. Bonakalisa ngalo mbandela ayenziwanga wasinda kunye iinkcuba mihla. Bonke ubomi bomntu nomxokelelwane eliqhubekekayo izenzo, okt. E. Iintshukumo. Kudla ngokuthi iingcinga kunye ukuziphatha komntu eyahlukileyo. Umzekelo, umntwana ufuna abazali bakhe elungileyo kuphela. Noko ke, izenzo zabo badla buhlungu. Ngokuzithemba sinokuthi ukususela amanyathelo namhlanje kuxhomekeke kwikamva lethu. Ngokukodwa, ubomi bethu bonke.

Ukufuna uSocrates, injongo yobomi

USocrates wayengomnye ababefuna ezininzi esebenzayo intsingiselo yalo mbono. Wayezama ukufumana phandle indlela kuba isenzo zobuqhawe wokwenene. Yintoni isidima kunye nokubi, indlela umntu wenza ukukhetha - konke oku Bavuya sobulumko yamandulo. Yena eyangena ehlabathini engaphakathi zobuntu ethile, umongo walo. Ndandikhangele ngenxa yezenzo injongo ephezulu. Xa uluvo lwakhe, kufuneka ukushukunyiswa ngenxa eziphambili - inceba.

Sisiseko sokuziphatha na usukelo kufunda ukwahlula phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi. Xa umntu uyakwazi ukufumana ukuqonda la magama, uya kuba nako, ngokutsho uSocrates, senza ngesibindi. Loo mntu kufuneka enze isenzo sobugorha besebenzela ubuhle obukhulu. USocrates zibona zefilosofi zazijoliswe ekufumaneni izizathu ezinjalo, namandla, nto leyo akuyi kufuneka ingqalelo. Ngamanye amazwi, sobulumko ikutshoyo ulwazi, umntu uya kuba ezixhasayo lwangaphakathi, ngokubuyisela izithethe ubudala.

USocrates nxamnye Sophists

zobulumko kaSocrates wazama ukucacisa ngumongo 'isenzo "kombono: yintoni na? Khuthaza wengxenye isenzo sakhe - ephambene imeko Sophists, abo bafundisa ukuba ukufumana phandle i iinjongo ezifihlakeleyo, ngokubanika imo abazi. Ngokutsho Protagoras, owayephila ngexesha kaSocrates, intsingiselo yobomi babantu, njengoko umntu - yinto ibinzana ecacileyo kunye nempumelelo kunye ulwaneliseko lokugqibela iminqweno zobuqu kunye neemfuno.

I Sophists ayekholelwa ukuba zonke isenzo intshukumisa lokuzingca kuyimfuneko ukuzithethelela emehlweni izalamane, kunye nabanye abantu, njengoko bayinxalenye yoluntu. Ngoko ke bume kufuneka ukuba beyiseke kusetyenziswa iteknoloji Sufi ukwakha intetho ukuba Liyafuneka. Oko kukuthi, lo mfana, ezazithabathayo iimbono Sufi, akuzi kuphela uyazi wena, kodwa wabeka injongo ethile, ukufikelela size ubumsulwa bakhe kuzo zonke iimeko.

I "Ingxoxo kaSocrates"

Ukunciphisa inkunkuma evela emhlabeni. Yena iya ngaphezu ingqalelo into enjalo njengesenzo. Yintoni na, yintoni na kubume bayo? Yiloo nto afuna ukuba aqonde nzulu ngezinto. Yena ufuna intsingiselo yobukho bomntu, ukuqala emzimbeni yaye bayazingca. Ngenxa yoko, yavelisa inkqubo oluntsonkothileyo iindlela esele ngokuba "ingxoxo kaSocrates". Ezi ndlela zikhokelela umntu ngendlela yokwazi inyaniso. interlocutor sobulumko kukhokelela ekuqondeni ingqiqo enzulu ngobudoda, elungileyo, isidima, ubungcathu, isidima. Ngaphandle kwezi mpawu lo mntu akakwazi cinga ube yindoda. Isidima - it Bakha umkhwa Siyakuhlala sifuna ukwenza okulungileyo, nokuba uya kuba ehambelana imisebenzi elungileyo.

Vice nomkhosi uqhuba

Isichasi ubuhle vice. It iimilo izenzo zomntu, eyalela ukuba ububi. Ukuze abaziseka yithini, umele ufumane ulwazi kwaye isigwebo. USocrates akazange ayiphikise ubukho uyolo ebomini. Ke nina namkhanyela amandla abo ezibalulekileyo phezu kwakhe. Isiseko izenzo ezimbi yi nalwazi, yaye yokuziphatha - nolwazi. Kuphando yakhe, yena zihlalutywe eninzi izenzo zabantu; yintoni na ayo amandla lokuqhuba, lo mnqweno isisusa. Le sazi ukuba lula imi kufutshane kamva kwasekwa iinkolelo zamaKristu. Sinokuthi uye singene nzulu kakuhle lomntu, enyanisweni ingqikelelo inkululeko yokuzikhethela, ulwazi, ukwenza isigqibo, kwaye imvelaphi yobubi.

umbono Aristotle ngayo

USocrates, Aristotle uyasigxeka. Yena akayi ukukhanyela ukubaluleka kolwazi abantu basoloko ukwenza imisebenzi elungileyo. Uthi: izenzo baphenjelelwa kunokutshiseka. Ukuchaza oko ngenxa yokuba kaninzi umntu Wakwazi ukwazi ukuba wenze okubi, njengoko ubulumko imvakalelo siyema. Ngokutsho Aristotle, umntu uye akukho ulawulo phezu kwakhe. Kwaye, oko, ukwazi oku angamisela izenzo zakhe. Ukuze benze imisebenzi emihle, kufuneka ubulukhuni ngengqondo isikhundla somntu, kuya ebomini, amava, ezifunyenwe xa luhlangabezana intlungu uze ube mnandi. Ukuba intlungu uvuyo, ngokutsho Aristotle, emlinganisweni yezenzo zabantu. amandla eqondisa - intando, oluthi luqokelelane yi inkululeko yomntu yokuzikhethela.

ukulinganisa izenzo

It sazisa ingqikelelo yezenzo umlinganiselo: kukunqongophala, kwemfuneko yintoni na phakathi kwabo. Oku ukwenza phezu iipateni zabaphathi ephakathi, itsho sobulumko, le ndoda yenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo. Umzekelo amanyathelo ezinjalo ukukhonza virility, leyo phakathi iimpawu ezifana lavaka ngokungakhathali kunye nesibindi. Uyavumelana amanyathelo kwamanye xa umthombo amanga ngokwakhe umntu, aze mbulo, banyanzelwa iimeko zangaphandle. Ukuqwalasela lo mthetho, ngumongo ingqiqo, indima kubomi babantu kunye noluntu, wenze ezinye izigqibo. Sinokuthi kangangoko elithile zombini sobulumko tye. Bakhangela abantu entle nzulu yangaphakathi, uphambuke izigwebo ezibalulekileyo kwaye ukufuna inyaniso.

umbono Kant ngayo

Igalelo elikhulu kwithiyori, ithetha ingqiqo intshukumo kunye nenkuthazo, wazisa Kant. Uthi ukuba kufuneka isebenze ngendlela ukuze bakwazi ukuthi, "Yenza njengoko I ...." Lowo ngoko icacise ukuba ikhoyo kuthathwa njengesenzo yokuziphatha, xa isisusa ubunzulu yokuziphatha simahla umphefumlo, ngathi tocsin. Ababhali-mbali ifilosofi qonda: Izenzo zabantu, iintshukumisa zabo zigqitywa kant ngokwemigqaliselo yayiyetyumzayo.

Ngokomzekelo, ujonge kwi imeko ukusuka umntu orhaxwa, Kant uthi, ekhulula umzali womntwana wakho, akayi kuba yokuziphatha esi senzo. Ngapha koko, oku lilawulwe ingqiqo uthando wemvelo ukuze yindlalifa yakhe. isenzo Yokuziphatha bekuya kuba njalo xa umntu usindisa a orhaxwa umntu ongaziwayo kuye, sikhokelwe umgaqo: ". ubomi Human - ixabiso eliphezulu" Kukho enye indlela. Ukuba utshaba lugciniwe, yinyaniso isenzo yokuziphatha zobugorha bafanelwe ingqalelo ophezulu. Kwixa elizayo, ezi magama kant wathamba, ubandakanywa nabo ezinjalo inkqubela yabantu, uthando kunye nomsebenzi.

Ukubaluleka kombono amanyathelo

Ngomhla ingqikelelo izenzo ezilungileyo awanqandi ukuthetha namhlanje. Indlela rhoqo, uluntu uyayiqonda izenzo yokuziphatha namanene, isizathu apho eneneni na neenjongo ezintle. Yiyiphi namhlanje ubuqhawe, isibindi? Kakade ke, ukusindisa umntu okanye isilwanyana ekufeni, ukuba nilaluse abalambileyo, ndambesa abasweleyo. A isenzo real sobubele kubizwa nangokuba isenzo kakhulu ilula: icebiso kumhlobo, uncedo asebenza, tsalela abazali. Guqulela umfazi omdala ngapha kwesitrato, nilize amahlwempu, ukuba makathathe iphepha kwisitrato - izenzo, leyo nazo zibandakanyiwe kolu didi. Ke ukuba ubuqhawe, ngoko ke isekelwe phezu kombingelelo ubomi babo ngenxa yabanye. Oku ikakhulu kukhuselwe lokhokho lutshaba, umsebenzi abacimi, amapolisa, abasebenzi zohlangulo. Hero abe nokuba umntu oqhelekileyo, yena ukuba wayethabathe emlilweni lebhokhwe, bangabi umphangi egubungele odlulayo akanankathalo yi esifubeni sakhe, lowo ejolise Umphanda umatshini.

Ngokutsho bengqondo ezininzi, iingcali zefilosofi kunye nezenkolo ukuya kwiminyaka esixhenxe umntwana lingenako ukwahlula ngokupheleleyo phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi. Ngoko ke ndiyanibongoza ukuba isazela engenamsebenzi, ngenxa yokuba lo gama kuba imida imfiliba kakhulu. Noko ke, ekubeni eneminyaka esixhenxe - nobuntu kuyilwa ngokupheleleyo, leyo ngabom wenze ukhetho kwicala elinye okanye elinye. Iintshukumo abantwana ngeli xesha kufuneka ngobuchule abazali ekujoliswe kwicala elifanelekileyo.