Social Democratic Party of Germany: Mandulo Nakule Mihla

Loluphi uhlobo yentlangano ukhusela iimfuno zabemi, wadala Germany? I-Social Democratic Party yasekwa ngqo nezi njongo. Isalathiso ivame bedidekile ekwakheni yali okanye intlalo yobukomanisi, kodwa oku elahlekisayo. Social Democratic Party of eJamani, apho le nkqubo isekelwe phezu ngcinga iphiko ekhohlo yakwazi ukuba ukuziqhelanisa eziqhubekayo ezintsha kwezopolitiko. Kwathabatha capitalism njengoko sokunqika engundoqo uphuhliso oluqhubela phambili yoluntu, inkxaso ukuhlanganiswa Germany ukuya European Union, ukuphucula ubudlelwane NATO.

ngokutsha okuthe kwanempumelelo wemfundiso esisiseko iminyaka engaphezu kwama-150 ngaphambi kokuba eye wavumela mbutho ukuba bahlale ngamandla, yaye ngokubonakalayo liguqule lizwe.

Imbali ingenzeka

Yintoni i-Social Democratic Party of Germany kwimbali yelizwe lethu?

Umbutho lisukela emva ku-1863. Usomashishini ezaziwayo-kakuhle Leipzig uFerdinand Lassalle waseka umbutho wabasebenzi German. Ngokuhlanganisa iinzame zabo, baqalisa ukuba babange amalungelo abo kwishishini - abanini kwiinkampani ezinkulu, ngubani na abasebenzi rhoqo kakubi. I-Association of abasebenzi zaseJamani waba ngukhokhokazi nemibutho yabasebenzi

Ngethuba uBukhosi German ukususela 1917 ukuya 1918 nhlangano nezikhundla zayo ngento ngabantu million, kwaye isinye kwisithathu iqela inkxaso unyulo ngowe-1919 abantu waseJamani.

Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I kudaka eJamani, i-Social Democratic Party sahlukana saziinxalenye ezimbini. Ngowe-1918, abaxhasi le ngcinga Marx kunye nehlabathi revolution yobuSoshali, intlangano yakhe ebizwa wamaKomanisi. Kwaye bona Democrats Social, ikhokelwa ngu Fridriha Eberta uhlangane yinxalenye ye-melo kunye babebambelele ukuba ukucinezela kugquba yemvukelo ngamaKomanisi.

Ukususela 1929 de kufike amandla kukaHitler Social Democrats iphumelele unyulo bume, olubalelwa yesininzi, kwigcuntswana epalamente. Ngenxa yokuba iqela ibisoloko kwaziwa ukuba silungelelanise izinto ezintsha kwezopolitiko, wahlala phakathi kwezopolitiko iminyaka emininzi. Nokuba ebudeni bolawulo Wesithathu, i Democrats Social ubambe ngeenkongolo eziphantse ukuxoxa izicwangciso zazo zophuhliso elizayo yaseJamani.

Yintoni eyabangela ukuba utshintsho kwi umbono of Democrats zentlalo kwi-imi- 50 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela?

Oku kutshintsha elibukhali zengqondo bemveli iwela ngo-1950. Inani elikhulu abemi German udinwe kobuciko malunga longquzulwano yeklasi notorious, ukungalingani kwabantu kunye ingcamango phantsi kwesizwe kwamashishini mveliso. Umoya waziva imincili ngayo ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kunye Ukuvuma NATO kunye EU.

Social Democratic Party of Germany, inkqubo leyo yahlaziywa ngo-1956, wakhangela ingxaki ukwakha uluntu yali ngokusebenzisa bemilo entsha. Kwiimbono entsha yaba ngokuncedisana yongxowankulu kunye noqoqosho ojolise nasentlalweni.

Social Democratic Party of eJamani, ogama ideology uye ngandlel yahlaziywa, uye wadala "iNkqubo Godesberg" omtsha ngowe-1959. It SPD yamkelwa ngokupheleleyo uqoqosho emarikeni, nivumelene kule nkqubo yokuqhelaniswa Koloni kunye nokuvuselelwa umkhosi waseJamani. Ngelo xesha linye kwinkqubo ukuthetha malunga imfuneko ukupheliswa capitalism kunye nokusekwa imo zentlalo-ntle.

party Impumelelo

Le SPD Social Democratic Party kabini ukuphumeza impumelelo enkulu kwezopolitiko.

Ixesha lokuqala Kwathi ngowe-1969, xa, ngenxa unyulo urhulumente omtsha phantsi kobunkokheli Willy Brandt. Intloko mbutho bangena amacwecwe imbali, kanye waguqa phambi lesikhumbuzo kumaxhoba yobuFasi ePoland. Wakwazi ukufumana ulwimi olufanayo kunye norhulumente waseSoviet kunye nabamelwane yayo mpuma.

Emva inkokeli entsha Brandt kaThixo eyaqala ngo-1998. Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), eyayikhokelwa Gerhard Schroeder, owadala mfelandawonye ne "green". inkqubo Schroeder ijoliswe ukunciphisa intswela nokuphucula izibonelelo zentlalo kubemi eJamani. Kodwa wokuguqula zakhe awenziwanga.

Emva 2009 Democrats Social waphumelela iqela ngalinye lezopolitiko - i Democrats zamaKristu.

Kakade ke, i-Social Democratic Party wenziwa igalelo engenakuphikwa kuphuhliso eJamani. Yaba yena owenza kunciphiso suku ngalunye ukuya iiyure ezisi-8. Imibutho efika ilungelo ukuthethana kunye nabaphathi zamashishini amakhulu, kwaye abafazi bakwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kulonyulo. I Democrats Social abadlale indima enkulu ukwanda imivuzo nokunyusa iintlawulo zentlalo.

I inzuzo enkulu lombutho kukuba bekusoloko wakhuthaza inkululeko abemi, hayi efuna ukulandela ulwakhiwo imodeli yiSoviet yoluntu.

Amaqela ezopolitiko nezimo

Social Democratic Party of Germany isoloko wazama ukufumana ulwimi olufanayo okhuphisana zabo. Ukwazi ukuseka ubudlelwane kunye abachasi kwenza amalungu ayo ukuba babe ophambili kwizikhundla karhulumente kunye nokuphumeza iinkqubo zentlalo.

I Democrats Social namhlanje

Namhlanje singatsho ngokuzithemba ukuba Democrats Social akazange kulinandipha ukuthandwa kobokuqala. Umsebenzi wabo sikwimo lobunzima. Kubonakala ngathi lixesha ukuqhuba iinguqu ezibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yabo. Ukuba ayiwenzi, ngubani owaziyo, kuya kubakho umbutho kwixesha elizayo?

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, i-Social Democratic Party of Germany iye nempumelelo enkulu kwi ico kunye naseMpuma Europe. fund kuqaliswe iinkqubo ezininzi yoluntu nenkcubeko. Imisebenzi ziqhutywa kumazwe afana ePoland, Ukraine, eRashiya, Kazakhstan kunye Kyrgyzstan.

Yintoni imeko yangoku yeshishini ezifana Social Democratic Party of Germany? 2016, oko kukuthi, i-yokugqibela kunyulo zepalamente Septemba wabonisa ukuba Democrats zamaKristu kunye Democrats Social wehlelwa fiasco yezopolitiko. Kuba omabini amaqela, iziphumo zonyulo kube ngumphumo imbi kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo: i SPD yafumana 21.6%, lo gama i-CDU - 17.6%.

ideology Modern of Jamani Social Democrats

Ngoko ke yintoni na umbutho ezifana Social Democratic Party of Germany, le nkqubo? Ngokufutshane inokubuyiselwa ishwankathelwe kule ziphakamiso zilandelayo:

• sihloniphe izimiso kokulingana kwezentlalo kunye nobulungisa;
• ukukhusela amalungelo abemi;
• ukuxhobisa abemi amalungelo alinganayo;
• ukwenza uqoqosho swi kwiimfuno zentlalo;
• ukuthintela ulawulo karhulumente yoqoqosho;
• ukuxhasa ukubaluleka yesizwe lweshishini, nenokuthi kuba okhuphisana ufanelwe kumashishini abucala;
• phantsi kwesizwe amashishini ezinkulu, ingakumbi emkhosini, aerospace kunye necandelo petroleum;
• ukunika ubambiswano loluntu phakathi abaqeshi kunye nabasebenzi;
• ukwakha isizwe apho bonke abemi aya kukhuselwa eluntwini;
• ukukhusela amalungelo ezoqoqosho abasebenzi;
• ukukhulisa wemivuzo;
• wokuqeda ngqesho;
• ukuphucula iimeko abasebenza;
• nokwandisa izinga zokukhusela intlalo yoluntu.

Lo mbutho line ibambelela iminyaka emininzi.

Ngubani nohola lombutho ngalo mzuzu?

Ngubani nohola Social Democratic Party of Germany? Namhlanje ukhokelwa ngumpolitiki enkulu Sigmar Gabriel. Ukususela ngo-1999 ukuya ku-2003 waye phezu isithuba Prime Minister of Lower Saxony. Ukususela 2001 ukuya ku-2009, wamiselwa nguMphathiswa of Environmental Protection and Safety seNyukliya.

NgoNovemba 13, 2009 ekhokelwa Social Democratic Party eJamani. Ngo-2013, wamiselwa uMphathiswa Uqoqosho naMandla.

I-Social Democratic Party ngokusebenzisa amehlo abahlaziyi zezopolitiko

Yintoni, ngokwembono yakhe, nguye Social Democratic Party of Germany namhlanje? Uninzi iingcali nkqubo bakholelwa ukuba landscape Germany ezopolitiko ijongene utshintsho esisiseko. kunyulo oludlulileyo ngoMatshi wabonisa ukuba izangqa Isigqibo manyano ongakuthandiyo impumelelo efanayo phakathi lwabavoti. Oku kuqala nokwadala Social Democratic Party. Enyanisweni, ngokuba emlinganisweni umvoti akuthethi ukuba ukukhula koqoqosho, kwaye ukungaphumeleli kwe-nkqubo elinikelayo - kwenye uhuhamba enkulu abavela eMpuma.

Unyulo ibe isalathisi ecacileyo ukunganeliseki kunye uninzi labantu ilizwe labo liye kwinkampu omkhulu yeembacu. Ukungavumi mass ukwamkela abavela kumazwe afana ne-Aram, Iraq, Afghanistan, kunye namanye amazwe aseYurophu, iye kuxhotyiwe kuphela imeko sele kunzima. Ukungakwazi abasemagunyeni German ukubonakalisa iimbacu ukuhlaselwa abemi German ezichongiweyo ukukhuthazwa ngempumelelo AFD kwi Matshi unyulo karhulumente.

Ukuba CDU / CSU, ngokutsho kwabo babukeleyo, afumane ithuba kwakhona indawo yabo elahlekileyo, i Democrats Social kwaloku hayi kubonakele. Beqela nyaka ulahlekelwa abaxhasi balo nyaka. imbono abaninzi kwezopolitiko ukubona isizathu sokuba kwiminyaka eli-15 edlulileyo ikhona, intlangano iye ayasekwa nasiphi isicwangciso amanyathelo lebyi.

Social Democratic Party of Germany waqala ukuphelelwa kwayo ukususela 2000, nto leyo sisalathisi iingxaki ukukhwezelela zikwakhona kulo mbutho. Idiphu kunyulo lo Democrats Social ozama ukucacisa inqanaba eliphezulu kokhuphiswano kwezopolitiko. Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba kunciphiso rating kwakungenxa ukuvela ezintsha "green" ngasekhohlo. Ukususela ekupheleni 90 lwekhulu yokugqibela baqalisa ukuba wavakalelwa kwinqanaba ukuvota ukuzithemba ukuwa amaqela yemveli amathathu: babebambelele (CDU / CSU), i benkululeko (FDP) kunye Socialist (SPD). Kule minyaka imashumi-mihlanu idlulileyo, umkhosi iintshukumo ezintsha kwezopolitiko, nto leyo ukuba abemi German ichazwe ngononophelo ngakumbi eziphambili zayo.

Eyaziwa kwezenzululwazi yezopolitiko Franz Walter, leyo ezikhethekileyo ekufundweni imeko yezopolitiko eJamani, ukholelwa ukuba ukwahlulwa iinkqubo zezopolitiko ihlunguzela indawo i-Social Democrats, yaye "green" ekhohlo elalinokuphumelela ukuzithemba abemi. Kwangaxeshanye, iphiko olucacileyo program, ngokutsho iingcali, ezo ke ukugqithisela umKristu Democrats kunye Socialist zamaKristu. Abanawo okhuphisana kakhulu.

Yayiyintoni ingongoma ukuqala le ntlekele?

Yonke le nto yaqala emva ngowe-1972, xa Villi Brandtom sabhengezwa ukwala iqela njengokuba welungelo iimfuno labantu abasebenzayo. Bona ezixhasa umgaqo-nkqubo yeziko entsha ezazisiweyo. Ukususela ngo-2000, abavoti abaninzi baqalisa tie ikamva labo kunye nomnye amaqela etikweni.

Imiba kwentlekele intlangano size ebudeni bolawulo Gerhard Schröder, yaye kwavela kwixesha lentlekele kwezoqoqosho eJamani iye sibi ezimbi ngqo nxamnye Social Democrats. Bundestag yamkela inkqubo loHlaziyo omtsha "Agenda 2010", kuya kunciphisa iindleko zentlalo: intlawulo yesibonelelo ngqesho wabhangiswa, ukwanda umhlala-phantsi ukuya kwiminyaka 67. Konke oku uxhulumaniso yephule i-Social Democratic Party kunye nemibutho yabasebenzi kunye nabaxhasi zazo eziphambili - abasebenzi.

Usihlalo nemibutho yabasebenzi kwi Germany Mihael Zommer kwi-ndlebe kunye iphephancwadi Spiegel ngowe-2014 wathi ngokuphandle ukuba umgaqo-Social Democrats 'ayisekho ku ngokusemdleni wabantu abasebenzi.

Iingcali ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba ekwindla noluhlu yentlangano enkulu afana Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), ngenxa yokunqongophala inkokeli eliqaqambileyo Willy Brandt uhlobo okanye, kwi okubi, Gerhard Schröder. Contemporary neenkokheli zayo abasebenzi iqela ngempumelelo. Kuba konke oko ke akanako ukuba ubuso mbutho, ekubeni azinayo iingcamango okuqhubekayo ezikhuthaza lwabavoti. Oku kubangela abangenamdla yabemi. imbono abaninzi kwezopolitiko bakholelwa ukuba impazamo sina ukwahlulwa kwisikhundla sokuba inkokheli kunye umgqatswa ukuze bundeskantslera. Yintoni indima Social Democratic Party of Germany? Leader Sigmar uGabriyeli, ngokutsho iingcali, ukuzama ukugcina esitulweni ukuphepha uxanduva ngokoyiswa yonyulo.

Le ntlekele okubangelwa ngumbutho kunye nokunciphisa inani lamalungu ayo ukusuka kwizigidi-1 ukuya 450 lamawaka. Engama-30 ubudala kwaye izinga iphungulwe kwiminyaka engama-30 ukuya kuma-59 ngenxa ekukhuleni iqela umhlala phantsi. Okuhamba, kwaye uthi ingcamango Social Democrats akazange ukuthandwa phakathi isizukulwana esitsha eJamani. Konke oku kuya kubangela ukuhla ngakumbi kwenani lamalungu iqela.

ubudlelwane Party Social Democrats eJamani neRashiya

Emva kokuba kuqaliswe kwezohlwayo ngamazwe aseNtshona nxamnye umthamo ilizwe lethu ngayo urhwebo phakathi Russia kunye iJamani wawa kakhulu. Isiqingatha sokuqala kunyaka yabalasela iyawa ingeniso ye-13%. German ezithunyelwa lehla laya uphawu lwe-20% kwilizwe lethu. Ukulahleka yoqoqosho German yi € 12.2 billion.

Ngokutsho abameli Ministry of uQoqosho eJamani, isizathu sokuba le ntlekele lobudlelwane kwezoqoqosho ukwimo emaxongo le engange kunye nokunciphisa ngamandla ukuthenga baseRashiya.

Vice-Chancellor Federal Republic of Germany, Sigmar uGabriel wadibana Russian uMongameli Putin, September 22, 2016 Vladimir ngonyaka. amaphephandaba amaninzi wabhala malunga neziphumo utyelelo yeentsuku ezimbini ze-nkqubo isiJamani eRashiya. Le ntlanganiso Kuqikelelwa antsonkothileyo.

Yintoni Singathini kumaqela anjenge Social Democratic Party of Germany? Isimo eRussia ngokunyaniseka kwakhe. Vice-Chancellor Federal Republic of Germany, Sigmar uGabriel wabiza ngokusekwa abafowunelwa kunye lizwe lethu. Ngokwembono yakhe, ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle weRashiya ukusuka Group of ezisibhozo yaba impazamo gross. Kwangaxeshanye, waphawula ukuba urhulumente wethu kufuneka alandele ngqo isivumelwano Minsk ukusombulula ingxaki e Ukraine.

Against izohlwayo engqongqo anti-Russian uGabriyeli wathetha ekuqaleni kuka-2015. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ne-Russia kufuneka kuhlala etafileni thethwano yaye noxinzelelo amanyathelo zakhe kwezoqoqosho. Ngo-Apreli 2012, ekuhleni uGabriel wavakalisa imbono yakhe kwinto yokuba Germany ifuna naseRussia njengohlobo iqabane orhwebo. Nangona kunjalo, indawo liSekela leNgqonyela akuxhomekekanga kakhulu abachatshazelwa isimo lonke eJamani.

I-Vice-Chancellor wathi uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe kufuneka zijonge iindlela ukusebenzisana eRashiya ukuba shushu imeko sele kunzima. Social Democrat wathetha malunga nento yokuba bodwa lwelizwe lethu ngokunxuseneyo isicelo yesicelo zokuncedisa ekusombululeni ingxabano eSiriya, ndayihluthwa lonke uhlobo ekuqiqeni.

Lo matshini German wagxeka liSekela leNgqonyela

Utyelelo kaGabriel eMoscow kwabangela isiphithiphithi yokucaphuka koonondaba eJamani kudala ngaphambi kolu hambo. iintatheli ezininzi kuqatshelwe ukuba yesicelo usebenzisa abezopolitiko German ukubonisa impembelelo yabo. FAZ wemihlathi Friedrich Schmidt wabhala ukuba eMoscow uzama ukunikela utyelelo kubamelwane yaseYurophu njengobungqina ukuba akukho kwindawo ekwanti.

Cofa inkomfa kunye neentatheli zesiJamani kwi ye Vice-Chancellor zenzeka eRitz Carlton Hotel nge-22 Septemba. Kubonakala ukuba abezobupolitika silindele ithuba ezinjalo, ndibatyabula kuzo ngokuthi namhlanje yabamba iindibano kunye abavikeli amalungelo oluntu eRashiya. Ngokutsho abezopolitiko Russian, ukufika kwakhe ingadlali ezandleni incwadi yesicelo kunye nabameli Koloni kufuneka atyelele Russia kaninzi njengoko naziphi na iintlanganiso ukunceda uwugudise ukungaboni. Gabriel waqinisekisa abezindaba ukuba uzama ukuba sitsho imithetho yelizwe lethu.

Ngoko ke uqoqosho okanye yezopolitiko?

Gabriel bahlangana abantu abalwela amalungelo oluntu Russian Daniilom Katkovym leliqela "Parnassus", Galinoy Mihalevoy of "Yabloko" UGrigory Melkonyants kwaye umbutho ongenzi nzuzo "The Voice". umlungiseleli German waxoxa ekugxojweni unyulo kuRhulumente Duma ye-Russian Federation. Kwakhona kuqhutywa ingxoxo malunga nokungahoywa imigaqo lwentando kwilizwe lethu.

Ngokomgaqo-nkqubo waseJamani, amaqela amaninzi Russian ezopolitiko nje bamkelwa unyulo, ukufaka uxinzelelo kwi inkululeko yokuthetha. Kodwa nengxoxo nosekela-Tshansela yazala phezulu. Xa ingxoxo wazama ukuba adlulisele ukuba njongo ephambili yolu tyelelo yakhe ezopolitiko, kunye neengxaki kwezoqoqosho.

Kunye nosekela-yingqonyela kweza kum iqela elikhulu noosomashishini baseJamani abo baya kusebenzisana kunye noosomashishini Russian. Kwintlanganiso kuyo ngumlawuli we eMpuma Committee of Uqoqosho German Michael tywaleni (Michael tywaleni) kunye ilungu lebhodi ka Siemens Zigfrid Rusvurm (uSiegfried Russwurm). Yeyona umdla zeshishini ezimbini ezinkulu yaye emela uGabriyeli kwintlanganiso kunye nenkokeli kwilizwe lethu Vladimirom Putinym kunye Russian noMphathiswa noShishino kunye noPhuhliso loQoqosho.

UGabriyeli wagxininisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba uchulumanco engundoqo okumiselwe 5.600 iinkampani German ezisebenza eRashiya. Kuxoxwa ummiselo osemthethweni zotyalo-mali, ngokunjalo ban yokungenisa. Konke oku kunefuthe elibi hayi kuphela izinto kwiinkampani, kodwa abasebenzi babo.

Ngokutsho uGabriyeli, awukwazi nje ukuthetha iingxaki zoqoqosho, kodwa musa ebachaphazelayo bekuya kuba yimpazamo enkulu, ekubeni emva kokuba nokubekwa izohlwayo, unciphiso olukhulu imisebenzi kwilizwe lethu yaye eJamani.

Kwintlanganiso kunye umphathiswa Russian umbuzo owabuzwa malunga yokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka karhulumente zethu kwezibonelelo, nokuxhasa amashishini amancinci naphakathi.

Ukhetho eCrimea kunye nezohlwayo

Xa uchukumisa phezu kwentloko zezopolitiko Social Democratic Party of eJamani, uGabriel wazama ukuphepha ukugxeka zelizwe lethu. Ngokubhekiselele kwimiba amazwe nkqubo enxulumene unyulo eCrimea, kukho liSekela leNgqonyela, kwaye kwaqatshelwa ukuba iSocial-Democratic Party ithatha indawo efanayo kwamanye amaqela malunga alikho semthethweni elo nyathelo. Ukubanjwa unyulo eCrimea ngokunxamnye nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye zibalwa phakathi nokudliwa. Ukhetho e eCrimea, ngokwembono yakhe, mthethweni. Ingxaki ayikho kunyulo ngokwawo, kunye neziganeko ezikhokelela kubo.

Aphathelene lweMelika European

Ntoni Ucinga ntoni ixesha kwezohlwayo ngokuchasene Russian Social Democratic Party of Germany? Inkokeli wavakalisa ingongoma yakhe imbono ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kulowo yaseYurophu. Ngokutsho Sigmar enguGabriyeli, inkqubo ixhomekeke ngqo kwi ekuphunyezweni izivumelwano Minsk, kodwa okukunyusa kwezohlwayo kwezoqoqosho kufuneka wenziwe inyathelo ngenyathelo, njengoko ukugqiba iingongoma ezithile kweso sivumelwano.

I-Vice-Chancellor wathi ukuba ujonge ingxaki wokwenene yaye akalindelanga eRashiya nokusebenza ngokupheleleyo zonke izinto. Kulo mzekelo, uGabriel wathi kule meko ukusonjululwa ungquzulwano kuxhomekeke nje kuphela kwilizwe lethu, kodwa Ukraine.