Yobuhlanga - ngubani na le nto?

Yobuhlanga - indoda asibone noludumileyo ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni kwezinye iintlanga phezu kwabanye, nokuba ezi Umahluko isigqibo impumelelo kwimbali nenkcubeko lwezizwana ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Ubuhlanga kutshanje

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, apho nxalenye phambili kuluntu wakhetha siseko wedemokhrasi; ethandwayo nayo ingcamango ezininzi izimvo neembono. Oku kuthetha ukuba nayiphi na mbono, utoliko zembali nkqubo, ezopolitiko intshukumo kunye nezinye iimveliso kwengcamango yoluntu banelungelo zikhona kwaye bakhusele izikhundla zabo ngendlela esemthethweni. In lé kwezopolitiko ithi wokuvakalisa inkqubo yedemokhrasi namandla, oko kuthetha kwavumela ngoxolo kuyo yamaqela kunye neentshukumo bezicatshulwa ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, kunyanzelekile ukuba nezigxina ezininzi ngexesha elinye kunye nonyamezelwano akanakuze ungadluliselwa iimbono misanthropic. Ngale ndlela, i "yobuhlanga" - ngokucacileyo ukuzimisela negative, nabantu, ubiza ukuba ucalulo abantu eyahlukileyo umbala kwesikhumba (imilo eye) , okanye nangaphezulu ukuya izenzo ezingekho mthethweni kubo ngokuqinisekileyo aya kuba ngumthwalo phambi komthetho.

History of ubuhlanga

Le mbono yokuba nabameli ezahlukeneyo iintlanga zabantu ezingalungeleleneyo amakhono abo, kwakukho ixesha elide kakhulu. Kwaye, eneneni, oko wazalwa ngaphezu kwakanye, kamsinya nje kukho abameli neempucuko ezahlukeneyo kunye umahluko angafani lwangaphandle. Noko ke, kangangexesha elide, ubuhlanga singenziwa nangaluphi na bulumko enentsingiselo ngezizathu ukuba, okokuqala, kwakungekho ukukhonya ethile ngabameli uhlanga omnye phezu komnye, kwaye okwesibini, nje kungekho mfuneko. Kokuvela kuphela lokulawula kwekoloniyalizim kunye nabemi ukuguqulwa baseYurophu ubunzima zelizwekazi Afrika amakhoboka zabo. Lo mkhwa kufuneka wagwetyelwa iliso koluntu, yaye ngokwabo ikhoboka elithembekileyo-ukuba abanini. Into yokuqala bekufunwa zizizathu eBhayibhileni, xa ibali likaNowa wawuqalekisa Yinzala kaHam - kuthiwa ezo kakhulu Afrika. Okokuqala wenzululwazi ngokobuhlanga - waseFrance Zhozef Gobino. Le ndoda ngxi phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX, Waba ngunozala isizathu ngonzululwazi sokuba ukungalingani iintlanga zabantu. Isiseko ideology abakuqapheleyo layo wahlabela mgama, kude kangakanani kuphuhliso lwabo ushiye Europe eli xesha - kwezoqoqosho, emkhosini, zenkcubeko nezopolitiko - ukusuka ephucuke kwamanye amazwekazi. Ngokutsho Gobineau, ukuba kungenxa yokuba luncedo wokuqala ekuthiwa uhlanga Nordic kwindlela ngokwengqondo.

Ngokubanzi, kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XIX kunye kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XX zaba ixesha elityebileyo ukugwetyelwa yeengcingane nobuhlanga. Xa sha-1860-1870, emva ekurhoxisweni yobukhoboka eUnited States, kukuba lobuhlanga ityatyambile ngokupheleleyo phakathi amajoni exhaphaza kunye namagosa omkhosi esemazantsi. racists american ivela kuthi ezinde ezimhlophe kwaye nge tot. Abameli Ku Klux Klan ngenxa kubude lwemisebenzi zawo omnye wabalinganiswa iphambili kolu xinzelelo. Nangona kunjalo, ilungu idumileyo le ideologist kunye neenkolelo malunga kwabuya ludume ezithile kunye nezizwe yi Adolf Hitler. Ngelishwa, ziqhubeke ngokungazi yakhe laseRashiya ultra-mihla kuqhubeka ukusebenzisa olube yimpumelelo Party ngamaNazi nangona inyaniso yokuba amaNazi ezineziphene kuyasebenza uhlanga Slavic. Njengoko i zithi buthathaka kakhulu racists Russian ezi zicatshulwa kwiintetho zamagosa German, ukudlala kwentsebenziswano zasekuhlaleni kwaye maxa wambi bathi bafuna ukuva. Noko ke, emva kokuba ekubulaleni ubuhlanga National Socialist German waqhubeka impilo entle ixesha elide kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Ngoko, ngexesha esilwela calulo eMzantsi Afrika Republic - akukho ndlela leyo emdaka. Kodwa calulo yayikhona kuze-1990.