Neenjongo zezemfundo - yintoni na le nto? iindlela zemfundo

neenjongo zezemfundo - oku umbuzo iphambili pedagogy, nto leyo ichaza umxholo, iindlela kunye ingxelo umntwana. Kuxhomekeke ukhetho zabo ezichanekileyo kuxhomekeke indlela ezikhula ngayo abantu, nto leyo iza kuba iimpawu zobuqu nesimilo.

Yintoni injongo kunye neenjongo zemfundo

Okokuqala kufuneka siqonde oko kuthethwa ngala magama. Kukholelwa ukuba injongo result ekucelwa. Msebenzi, nto, ukuphendula umbuzo, ngoncedo ezinye izenzo aokusetyenziswa.

Nayiphi imfundo njalo into ngqo, kungakhathaliseki nokuba ngaba kuchazwe izenzo incinane, okanye iinkqubo zikarhulumente ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Impembelelo phezu komntwana ngokuqhubekayo, isoloko ikhangela ukuya kwixesha elizayo kwaye ibandakanya yoko ethile.

Injongo yemfundo - isiphumo pre-enokuxelwa kwangaphambili kuqeqesho isizukulwana esitsha ubomi eluntwini, uluhlu yayo kunye nophuhliso lomntu. utitshala wakhe ukufikelela ngethuba umsebenzi wabo kuphela ukusebenza umsebenzi ethile.

Umzekelo, utitshala ufuna ukuphucula ulwazi kubafundi ngayo usulelo lwe-HIV. Oko kukuthi, ngenxa abantwana kufuneka bazazi kwesi sifo. Ukuze benze oku, utitshala kuya kufuneka ukusombulula iingxaki ezininzi: ukuxelela into HIV, ziziphi iindlela ethunyelwayo, ukunqanda njani na usulelo, ukwazisa iinketho survey, uze uhlole izinga ekufundeni mbandela.

Njengoko ubona, ukuba ukwazi ukubona iinjongo kunye neenjongo imfundo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukwakha ngokuchanekileyo umsebenzi wabo. Oku kuya kunika ithuba lokuba ukuqonda uphuhliso oko iimpawu kunye nezakhono ukukhuthaza, kwakunye naluphi na uhlobo lolwazi.

iinjongo jikelele kwaye ngamanye yemfundo

Ukuba sithethe ngayo injongo yemfundo, umntu okokuqala kunye jikelele. ulwalathiso Humanistic e pedagogy obuxhasa indibanisela yazo nomanyano, leyo, Kakade ke, ilungile kwaye iyafuneka kwinkqubo yokufunda.

Injongo imfundo eqhelekileyo, ukuba ejoliswe lokusekwa iimpawu ebantwini bonke. Sinokuthi olu hlobo ukuze loluntu ukulungiselela isizukulwana esitsha ukwenza imisebenzi ethile, leyo kakhulu imfuneko kuluntu kweli nqanaba lophuhliso. Libizwa ngokuba nenjongo-buphelele, okuhlanganisa amaxabiso kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ezomthetho, bemvelo, yokuziphatha kunye nobugcisa kuphuhliso iyavisisana, indoda egqibeleleyo, kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kubomi bentlalo.

njongo ngamanye lwemfundo - nophuhliso umntu othile, omnye. Ngako oko kujoliswe ngenxa yokuba umntu ngamnye wahlukile kwaye unique, kunye awayo ezizodwa amathuba kunye neminqweno. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba ukukhetha kumgca ngamnye.

Umntu njengelungu lombutho woluntu buxhomekeke kuyo, ngokuxhomekeke kwimithetho yayo, imigaqo kunye neemfuno. Kuba yimfuneko ekumiseleni isiphumo imfundo indibanisela iinjongo buqu kunye jikelele.

Ezibangele ukuba kumiselwe ukhetho iinjongo zemfundo

Kuqala kwinto zonke, ukhetho kwemfundo kwethagethi limisela imfuneko loluntu uhlobo oluthile lwabantu. Kwelinye icala, ngenxa ifuthe mntwana uya kubonisa kumphakamo wangoku zophuhliso loluntu. Le ubungqina yinto yokuba kwiimeko ezininzi kwingxelo socio-economic waba iinjongo zabo zemfundo. Oku kuboniswa umzekelo utshintsho kwi eziphambili maxesha ezifana abangekaphuhli zoluntu, ikhoboka, feudal kunye longxowankulu.

Ngoko ke, uluntu ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali bonke abantwana babefundiswa ukupheka, tinkering iimpahla kunye zingeviwa zizilwanyana. Yiloo nto ke injongo yemfundo yaba bexhobile ngolwazi nezakhono eziyimfuneko ukuze siphile. Xa inkqubo ikhoboka wafakwa indima ephambili umniniyo, abantwana amanene afundiswa ukuba ukoyisa kumazwe angaphandle kunye nokukhusela yakho. Abantu ezilula wamvusa isizukulwana babo, zisekelwe kwixabiso lokuthobela kunye nokusebenza. Xa xesha feudalism utyelwe kunye nomgangatho umnumzana, a knight zobuhle. ixesha yongxowankulu abantu bebeye-oosomashishini iyasebenza ezingenamandla. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-ngexesha lonke iseti aphezulu amaxabiso ezinjalo obungunaphakade kukulunga, inyaniso kunye nobuhle.

Kwakhona, uninzi injongo yemfundo limisela-nkqubo nangeendlela abaci ombuso. Kuyo nayiphi na ilizwe ekukhuleni komntwana zisoloko ejolise ekomelezeni ubudlelwane ezikhoyo ekuhlaleni. Ukongeza, ukhetho iinjongo zemfundo kuchaphazela uphuhliso lwentlalo, inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe, amathuba zamaziko emfundo kunye nokusekwa nenzululwazi zokufundisa. Ukongeza kwezi zinto iye kakhulu ukubaluleka zivuthwe ngengqondo kunye neempawu komzimba lo mntu.

Konke oku, Kakade ke, kuthathelwa ingqalelo kuphela xa umsebenzi utitshala kunye umphumo nokuzimisela ekukhuleni komntwana.

neenjongo zezemfundo Modern

Ngokusekelwe kungentla, kuye kwacaca mhlophe ukuba abemi wayefuna ukuba bangene ixesha elithile. Kodwa njani izinto ukuma ngenjongo kwemfundo kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje?

Okwangoku, eyona nto kujoliswe kuyo kwicala humanistic. Ngokutsho kwakhe, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukudala iimeko ukuze kwakhiwe ubuntu olupheleleyo-gingxi. Ngoku ke incopho yothelekiso iinjongo, imisebenzi kunye pedagogy.

orientation Humanistic ukholelwa ukuba zikhulise ngamandla nangokubanzi kubalulekile ukuba unikel 'ingqalelo imfundo ngokwasengqondweni, emzimbeni, emsebenzini, ezoqoqosho, ukuziphatha, okusingqongileyo kunye nobugcisa.

Ukukhula umntwana ngengqondo kunokwenzeka ukuba igama isitshixo. Yeyona ingqondo wanceda abantu ukusahlula ihlabathi isilwanyana, ukudala zonke izibonelelo impucuko kunye nokuqinisekisa inkqubela kwezoqoqosho nezentlalo. Ngexesha nokwenziwa abantwana ulwazi kufumana nezakhono ezithile, ukufunda ukuqonda ubunyani ngeenxa zonke, ezo izenzakalo endalo, bezama ukwakha ubomi babo, esebenzisa xa kusenziwa le mfundo efunyenweyo.

Enye injongo ebalulekileyo imfundo nophuhliso yendalo. Oku kuphucula impilo kunye nophuhliso iimpawu ezifana nesibindi, ingqeqesho, unyamezelo, ukuzimisela kunye noxanduva. imfundo lezaBasebenzi limenza bathanda nawuphi na umsebenzi, nokuba ngaba zasekhaya okanye umsebenzi. Ulwazi iziseko lwamacandelo zokusingqongileyo kuya kunceda ukulondoloza okusingqongileyo ukuqonda abantwana kangangoko ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo zendalo.

imfundo ubuhle iphuhlise ukukwazi ukwenza ogqibeleleyo ngeenxa zonke kuye ngezandla zakhe. Abantwana besebancinane kwasekwa izimvo, izinto ezithandwayo kunye nezimvo, zona zadweliswa ngokobunjani zesizwe kunye impumelelo yempucuko. Injongo kwemfundo yokuziphatha - kukudala indoda yokuziphatha kakhulu owaziyo iinkolelo, imikhwa, ukuziphatha kunye nemigangatho eyamkelwe ekuhlaleni. Kubalulekile ukufundisa abantwana ukuhlonela abahlali, nabantu, ukuba aze kusebenza. Isizukulwana esitsha kufuneka baqaphele ukunyaniseka, uxanduva, ukunyaniseka, uthando kunye nezinye iimpawu ekufuneka balihlutha ummi.

Iinjongo zemfundo kwiziko lemfundo

Le njongo iya kuphunyezwa ngokuthi ekusombululeni iingxaki ezithile. Kwaye ke kwinqanaba lemfundo kubaluleke kakhulu kwimfundo yabantwana. Phambi kokuba amaziko pre-school na ezi njongo zilandelayo:

• Ukukhusela ubomi, impilo yengqondo neyomzimba.
• Ukuqhuba uqeqesho kwimo ukusombulula iimpazamo kophuhliso.
• Imfundo yabantwana kunye nobudala uthando semvelo, usapho, ikhaya, nemvo ngabemi ngentlonipho enye.
• Ukwenza uphuhliso evumelanayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo: ingqiqo, ngamazwi, emzimbeni, yezentlalo, yobuqu, ubugcisa kunye nobugcisa.
• Dibana imizalwane yoonyana baze banike iingcebiso ukuyilwa ngokupheleleyo abantwana.

Lijonge kunye neenjongo zemfundo zesikolo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Familiarizing abafundi ukuba yesizwe inkcubeko, imilinganiselo, abantu, ulwimi, amasiko nezithethe.
• Uphuhliso lwe data ngokwasemzimbeni, inculcation uthando ukuya yokuphila esempilweni.
• Ukudala iimeko for umsebenzi self-determination abantwana.
• zokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nobunjubaqa namantshontsho.
• Ukukhuthaza indlela yokubonakalisa isakhono abantwana abakrelekrele.
• Inkxaso self-ukuzimela, inyathelo kunye nobuchule kwabafundi ngokudala lweentshukumo zabantwana kunye norhulumente umfundi.
• Ekwenzeni umsebenzi wokufundisa ngokwentsebenziswano kootitshala, abafundi kunye nabazali.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba isisombululo kwezi ngxaki kubalulekile ukuba naliphi na iqela ubudala. Noko ke, umxholo kunye neenjongo eziphambili kulo uqeqesho, imfundo zahluke ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo yobomi besikolo.

Ziziphi iingxaki isonjululwe abakhuliswa entsatsheni?

Mhlawumbi, akukho mntu uthandabuzayo ukuba usapho eba negalelo kakhulu kwi bekhulisa umntwana. Singqongwe nabazana naye, abazali kunye nezalamane zonke iimpawu zobuqu kwakheka.

imfundo Family yinkqubo entsonkothileyo, ekubeni ixabiso enkulu eziliqela. Oku abazali bemvelo kunye nempilo yomntwana, imfuza, izinto kunye nobume kwezoqoqosho, ubume ekuhlaleni, indlela yokuphila, indawo yokuhlala, nentsapho yakhe. Kwimeko nganye, zonke ezi zinto azibonakali ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo yaye zimanyene kwikhonkco ekhethekileyo, ukudala iimeko ezithile ngenxa yemfundo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, singatsho ukuba usapho ngendlela yaso ukuqonda iinjongo zemfundo. Oku, ngelishwa, akusoloko ingcamango ekunene, kwaye kudla ngokuba yingozi ebantwaneni.

Usapho njengeyunithi loluntu kufuneka enze imisebenzi eziliqela, kangangokuba Wakhula umntwana phezulu ubuntu okunempilo oludlamkileyo:

• Ukudalwa iimeko uphuhliso ubuninzi babantwana.
• ukhuseleko lwezentlalo noqoqosho nangokwasengqondweni umntwana.
• uqeqesho Life-skills, ezo zijolise ekuncedeni usapho kunye nokuzeyisa.
• Ukudlulisela amava ngempumelelo ekudaleni nosapho ukhulisa abantwana.
• Formation of ukuzithemba kunye ixabiso "I".

Ekuphumezeni le misebenzi, abazali entsatsheni kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba atyhile kakhulu ngokupheleleyo amandla yabantwana kunokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa kwabantwana emisebenzini.

nemigaqo yemfundo

Yintoni umgaqo? Esi sikhundla okokuqala okanye ezingundoqo, nto leyo ekhokelwa ngutitshala, xa uququzelela inkqubo yemfundo. Injongo kule meko kumiselwa kwangaphambili, kwaye ayikwazi ngokuyifumana, ukuba ukuba ukulandela imigaqo ethile.

Ngoko ke, yintoni kufuneka bakhokelwe ngutitshala emsebenzini wabo?

• Ingqalelo igalelo umntwana.
• indlela Personal ukuba ngamnye.
• Ukuze enze imfundo kwinkqubo yokufunda.
• Thatha ingqalelo ubudala kunye neempawu ngamnye.
• Ngenkani, kodwa ukuba bahloniphe ubuntu bomntwana.
• imfundo nobudlelwane ebomini.

Ootitshala kunye nabazali ekuphunyezweni kwe-siseko, iinjongo kunye imisebenzi ukuze basebenzise iindlela ezahlukeneyo zemfundo.

Iindlela ezifana yemfundo

Masiqalise ingcaciso yale mbono. Iindlela ngeendlela ezithile neendlela nokukhuthaza isimilo, zingqondo, kuthanda, kunye neemvakalelo. Ngenye indlela, singatsho ukuba iindlela zolawulo, apho uphuhliso self-ukubonwa. Kuyinto ehamba ezithile ezinceda baqonde impumelelo iinjongo ezibekiweyo. kufuneka isetyenziswe ngobulumko iindlela zoqeqesho. Ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwe-impumelelo alunakuqinisekiswa, ngenxa ngempumelelo.

Imiba iindlela zokhetho yemfundo

• Iinjongo kunye neenjongo zophuhliso komntwana.
• Umxholo inkqubo yemfundo.
• Accounting iimpawu ubudala nobuntu. Injongo kuyafana kuphunyezwa ngeendlela ezahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke bokudlala umfundi.
• Ixesha esabiwe. Ngelixesha limited sisebenzisa iindlela ngqwabalala, nto leyo eya kwenza ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukufundisa ukufunda nokubhala. Utitshala okanye abazali kufuneka bathembele ulwazi lwabo kwaye ukhethe kuphela ezo iindlela ezithi eziqhelekileyo, nto leyo uqinisekiswa ngokupheleleyo.
• Imiphumela elindelekileyo. Xa ukhetha indlela kufuneka akwazi ukujonga iziphumo apho oko kunokukhokelela. Ukuba isiphumo esibi kuyimfuneko ukuba ukulahla indlela azinampembelelo umntwana ukufumana enye indlela eza kunceda ukuphumeza injongo yemfundo yokuba umntu.
• iimeko zemfundo. Ezi ziquka impembelelo isimbo, imozulu kwiqela kunye nezinye izinto.

iindlela zemfundo

Ngokwemveli yahlulwe kumaqela amane ubuchule: ukweyisela, accustoming (umthambo) ukuvuselela umsebenzi kunye nemfundo-self. Cinga kwimboniselo nganye iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu.

ubuchule ukweyisela zibandakanya Umbono abazi amaxabiso athile esakha zobuqu iinkolelo, isimo sengqondo, iinjongo kunye neempembelelo kokwandiswa kobuhlobo. Ngale ndlela sesichengeni ngokusebenzisa ezi ndlela zilandelayo: siluleko, ibali, ingcaciso, incoko, uqeqesho, iingcebiso, cebiso kunye nemfuneko.

Imfundo ukuphindaphindwa naliphi na inyathelo kukwazi iziphumo kunye neenjongo zemfundo. Oku, wabhala utitshala A. omkhulu S. Makarenko, mpathombi kuxwebhu ekunene. Ukuze wenze oku, umntu kufuneka enze rhoqo ngokufanayo, ukuba isenzo iye yaba uhlobo ukusoloko yokuziphatha. Xa nekwakuyinto eyayisenzeka ebomini bakhe umntwana kukho iseti nemikhwa. Nabalungileyo kufuneka bakhuthazwe yaye yona umgangatho umntu. Kuba uphuhliso lwabantwana abaselula kubalulekile ukuba usebenzise iimeko umdlalo apho abathathi-nxaxheba baya kuba nako ukuqonda oko kwenzekayo kwaye uzame ndazibamba iindima ezahlukeneyo.

Kwizinto ezakhayo kubalulekile ukubonisa izinto, ukudala isimo uvuyo ukulindela umvuzo ngenxa yemisebenzi. ubuchule eziliqela ingasetyenziswa kule ndlela yemfundo. Le promotion (indumiso, ewonga izinto into), isohlwayo (angakholiswa, sesa ekugwetyweni, sokumakishwa kwakhona, sesa ekugwetyweni, khalimela) kunye nokhuphiswano.

-Imfundo self - indlela engundoqo kuphuhliso

Le ndlela ezinxulumene kwiimeko apho umntwana efunda ukuqonda ngokwakhe, yintoni eyona njongo iphambili yezemfundo, wayibeka phambi kwakhe, ukuze kwangaphambili iziphumo kunye nesihamba ngayo. Abantwana kufuneka nje ukuba ukutyhala yenkqubo efana yophuhliso. Man esebenzayo ekuqaleni ukusuka ekuzalweni kwaye banako wemfundo-self. Ngokufezekisa oku, umntwana angakwazi self-learning, self-imfundo kunye self-ukuphucuka.

Ukuze uncede abantwana kulo mbandela ubuncwane, ootitshala nabazali kufuneka uchaze isicwangciso ngokubanzi kunye nezenzo ezithile kumsebenzi kuphela. Kubalulekile ukuba ugxininise ukuzithemba, self-ulwazi, ukuzeyisa, ukuzeyisa ingxelo, kunye nokuzinikela zobuqu. Ngale ndlela imfundo yomntwana nazwe yokuziphatha kunye iimpawu volitional ubuntu, nto leyo kwixesha elizayo kuya kunceda kakhulu ebomini.

Ukushwankathela, sinokuthi indima ephambili kuphuhliso abantwana abahlala iinjongo, iinjongo, imigaqo kunye neendlela. Zezona ukhetho olufanelekileyo kuya kunceda ukwakha ubuntu ivumelane ne onke ngeenxa zonke.